Emdlalweni ka -Antonio Buero Vallejo , othi "Historia de una escalera" (Indaba Yezitebhisi) , izizukulwane ezintathu ezihlala esakhiweni esifanayo ziboniswa zimelela ukukhungatheka komphakathi nokuphila kwaseSpain engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu lama-20. Izitebhisi, isikhala esivaliwe nesingokomfanekiso, kanye nokuhamba kwesikhathi okungenakunqandeka kudala isakhiwo esijikelezayo nesiphindaphindayo esigcizelela ukwehluleka kwabalingiswa.
Isenzo sokuqala
Isenzo sokuqala senzeka ngosuku ngo-1919. UCarmina noFernando, abantu abasha ababili abahlala esakhiweni esisezingeni eliphansi, bahlangana lapho kwehla noma "amakhasino" ezitebhisini.
Umthetho wesibili
Isenzo sesibili senzeka eminyakeni eyishumi kamuva. U-Urbano ucela uCarmina ukuthi amamukele njengomyeni wakhe. U-Elvira noFernando sebeshadile.
Umthetho wesithathu
Lesi senzo sesithathu senzeka ngo-1949, unyaka umdlalo owakhishwa ngawo. UFernando, indodana ka-Elvira noFernando, noCarmina, indodakazi ka-Urbano noCarmina, bayathandana, kepha abazali babo banqabe lobu budlelwano ngenxa yomunyu nokukhungatheka okubangelwa ukwehluleka kwabo.
Amazwibela «Indaba yesitebhisi»
"Indaba Yezitebhisi" umdlalo (1947 no-1948) ka-Antonio Buero Vallejo, athola ngawo umklomelo we-Lope de Vega. Waqala ukuboniswa eTeatro Español eMadrid ngo-Okthoba 14, 1949. Uhlaziya umphakathi waseSpain, nawo wonke amanga awo, ngezimpilo zabantu abahlala ezitebhisini.
Ingqikithi emaphakathi yeNdaba yesitebhisi
Indaba yezitebhisi ilandisa indaba yabantu abaningana abaphila ebuphofwini, okuthi, kuzo zonke izizukulwane, bahlale bebambeke kuleso simo naphezu kwesifiso sabo sokusibalekela. Kodwa-ke, abatholi ndlela yokuphuma kulesi simo sabo, okuholela enzondweni, emoneni, emangeni, nasebuhlungwini phakathi kwezakhamuzi zesakhiwo esisodwa, ikakhulukazi uma omunye wabo ephumelela ukuvelela.
Ngakho-ke, u-Antonio Bueno Vallejo usibonisa ukuthi ukukhungatheka, isifiso sokuvelela ngaphezu kwabanye, kanye nomzabalazo emazingeni aphansi ngaphandle kokuthola umvuzo kuyamlimaza kancane kancane umuntu , kumguqule abe umuntu othukuthele futhi kubangele zonke izinto ezimbi kubantu ukuba zichume.
Ezinye izindaba zivele ngokusobala okungenzeka kube ngumfanekiso othembekile womphakathi, njengoba kwenzeka kuFernando, owathi esemusha waphupha ukuthi uzoba ngumdwebi omkhulu futhi ocebile; futhi nokho, njengoba iminyaka iqhubeka kubonakala ukuthi uyaqhubeka nokuhlala kuleyo ndlu futhi usahlupheka.
Ngandlela thile, umbhali ukhombisa ukuthi imfundo kanye nendlela yokuphatha izingane kuyabathonya ukuthi baphinde iphethini efanayo evimbela ukuthi baphume kulobo buphofu.
Abalingiswa kuNdaba yesitebhisi
Njengoba okungenhla kusikisela, i-Story of a Staircase ayigxili enkathini eyodwa kuphela, kodwa ihlanganisa izizukulwane ezintathu zemindeni emithathu ehlukene nokuthi ziguquka kanjani ngezindlela ezihlukile. Ngakho-ke, kunezinhlamvu eziningi, ngayinye ihambisana nesizukulwane esithile. Kulokhu, sikhuluma ngalokhu:
Indaba yesizukulwane sokuqala yesitebhisi
Kuyo abalingiswa yilawa:
- UDon Manuel: Ungumlingiswa ocebile ohlala kuleyo ndawo kepha, ngokungafani nabanye, ufuna ukusiza omakhelwane bakhe ngemali anayo. "Iso lakhe langakwesokudla" yindodakazi yakhe u-Elvira, inkinga ukuthi lena yintombazane engenamqondo, okuthi, njengoba ibiphila engcebweni, ingaboni ukuthi yini ebaluleke ngempela.
- IDoña Bondadosa (Asunción): Ungumama kaFernando, owesifazane owenza konke okusemandleni ukuze indodana yakhe iphile impilo emnandi. Abaningi bacabanga ukuthi ucebile, kanti empeleni nguyena ompofu kunabo bonke endaweni.
- UBale: Ungumama wezingane ezintathu, uTrinini, Urbano noRosa. Umyeni wakhe nguMnu. Juan futhi ungowesifazane onegunya othanda ukugcina izingane zakhe zilawulwa.
- UGregory: Wayenguyise kaCarmina noPepe, kodwa uyadlula futhi enze umndeni ube sesimweni esidabukisayo.
- Unika: Ungunkosikazi kaGregorio, umfelokazi futhi udabukile ngokushonelwa ngumyeni. Yize enezingane ezimbili, intandokazi yakhe yintombazane.
Isizukulwane sesibili
Esizukulwaneni sesibili, sekudlule iminyaka eminingana futhi izingane ezibonwe kwesokuqala sezikhulile. Manje sebekhulile asebekhulile abaqala ukuhamba bodwa empilweni. Ngakho-ke, sinakho:
- Fernando: Ngithandana noCarmina. Kodwa-ke, efuna ukuba ngomunye umuntu, futhi esikhundleni sokuthatha isinqumo ngenhliziyo yakhe, uyenzela imali, ngakho-ke ushada no-Elvira. Lokho kwenza, ngemuva kwesikhashana, aziqhenye, avilaphe ... futhi alahlekelwe yinkohliso yokuphila. Ubuye unezingane ezimbili, uFernando noManolÃn.
- Carmina: UCarmina uqala njengentombazane enamahloni engafuni muntu omethembayo. Uthandana noFernando, kodwa ekugcineni ugcina eshade no-Urbano. Unendodakazi eqanjwe ngaye.
- Elvira: U-Elvira wakhula phakathi kokuthanda nemali, ngakho akakaze aswele lutho. Kodwa-ke, unomona ngalokho uCarmina anakho.
- Urban: Kukholakala ukuthi ulungile kukho konke nokuthi angaba ngaphezu kwabanye ngoba wazi okuningi. Ulukhuni, kodwa usebenza kanzima, ubhekana namaqiniso futhi noma nini lapho ezama khona uzama ukusiza.
- Pepe: Umfowabo kaCarmina. Ungumuntu okuthi, njengoba impilo iqhubeka, avele acasuke futhi adliwe yiyo. Ekugcineni, yize eshade noRosa, ungumuntu othanda abesifazane futhi uyisidakwa.
- Rosa: Ungudadewabo ka-Urbano. Ushada noPepe futhi umshado wakhe umholela empilweni ebuhlungu, abafa ngayo empilweni.
- Trini: Uhlala engashadile yize emuhle futhi emuhle kwabanye.
Indaba yesizukulwane sesithathu yesitebhisi
Ekugcineni, isizukulwane sesithathu sisinikeza abalingiswa abathathu, asebevele babonwa kwesedlule:
- Fernando: Indodana ka-Elvira noFernando, efana kakhulu noyise ngokukhanga, ukungacaci, igigolo, njll. Uthanda ukwenza amasu ngekusasa futhi oyithandayo uyindodakazi kaCarmina, uCarmina.
- UManolin: Ungumfowabo kaFernando futhi ubelokhu eyisithandwa somndeni, ngakho-ke njalo lapho ethola ithuba uhlangana noFernando.
- Carmina: Uyindodakazi kaCarmina no-Urbano, onendlela yokufana kakhulu nonina ebusheni bakhe. Uthandana noFernando, kepha umndeni wakhe awufuni ukuthi ahlobene naye.
Isakhiwo sendaba
Indaba Yezitebhisi inesakhiwo esifana kakhulu nenoveli, lapho unengxenye yesingeniso, ifindo, noma ingxabano; kanye nengxenye yesiphetho , ngandlela thile, ebonakala inesiphetho esizophinda ukulandelana okufanayo ngokuphindaphindiwe ngabalingiswa.
Ngokuqondile, kule ndaba uzothola okulandelayo:
Isingeniso
Akungabazeki ukuthi iyisizukulwane sokuqala endabeni, njengoba ilandisa ngemvelaphi yabalingiswa , labo bantwana abavelayo kanye nalabo abazoba ngabalingiswa abaphambili ngemva kwesikhathi.
Unqunu
Ingxabano ephakathi, noma isenzo esikhulayo, yingxenye ethola ukunakwa okukhulu kumanoveli ngoba yilapho umongo wendaba uvela khona. Futhi kulokhu, ingxabano ephakathi yisizukulwane sesibili sonke, lapho sibona khona indlela abaphila ngayo , ukukhungatheka kwabo, inzondo, amanga, njalo njalo.
Umphumela
Ekugcineni, isiphetho, esivulelekile ngempela futhi esilandela iphethini efanayo ukuze konke kuphindeke, yisizukulwane sesithathu, lapho sibona khona ukuthi izingane zizokwenza amaphutha afanayo nabazali bazo . Futhi baze babakhuthaze nakulokho abakwenzayo.
Incazelo yeladi
Esinye sezici ezibalulekile zoMlando Wezitebhisi yizitebhisi ngokwazo. Ziyinto engaguquki , ehlala ikhona phakathi neminyaka, futhi isizukulwane ngesizukulwane ihlala iyisixhumanisi phakathi kwabo bonke abahlala kuleyo ndawo.
Kodwa-ke, kukhombisa nokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngoba ekuqaleni kubonakala izitebhisi ezintsha, ezicwebezelayo, futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke ukuqhubeka kulolo lwandle lobumpofu futhi zingakwazi ukugqama, idliwe, iba indala ngokwengeziwe, yehle kakhulu.
Ngale ndlela, izitebhisi ngokwazo ziba omunye umlingiswa okhona kuzo zonke izizukulwane futhi obuka buthule izimpilo zabanye abalingiswa.
Izilinganiso zika-Antonio Buero Vallejo
- Uma uthando lwakho lungantuli, ngizokwenza izinto eziningi.
- Kuhle kakhulu ukubona ukuthi usakhunjulwa.
- Ungajahi ... Kuningi ongakhuluma ngakho ... Ukuthula nakho kuyadingeka.
- Ngiyakuthanda ngosizi lwakho nosizi lwakho; ukuhlupheka nawe hhayi ukukuholela endaweni ethile yamanga yenjabulo.
- Bazivumele ukuthi banqotshwe yimpilo. Sekudlule iminyaka engamashumi amathathu lehla futhi lehla ... liba lincane futhi lingcolile nsuku zonke. Kepha ngeke sivume ukuhlulwa yile ndawo. Akunjalo! Ngoba sizosuka lapha. Sizosizana. Uzongisiza ngisukume, ngishiye le ndlu edabukisayo ingunaphakade, lezi zimpi ezingapheli, lezi zingqinamba. Uzongisiza, akunjalo? Ngicela, ungitshele. Ngitshele! (Ibinzana elisencwadini «Umlando wezitebhisi»).