Umlobi wezipoki, noma njengoba kwaziwa kakhulu eSpain, "umbhali wezipoki," ungumuntu osenesikhathi eside ekhona ezincwadini . Eqinisweni, kunezinhlebezi, isibonelo, zokuthi u-Alexandre Dumas wayengeyena ngempela umbhali wencwadi ethi The Three Musketeers, kodwa wayeyi-ghostwriter yakhe.
Kodwa uyini umbhali wesipoki? Ibonakala ngani? Ingabe kusemthethweni? Uma uke wakucabangela, noma uthole "isiphakamiso esingcolile", mhlawumbe esikutshela khona kuzokumangaza.
Yini umbhali wesipoki
Umbhali wezincwadi umane nje ungumuntu obhala egameni lomunye umuntu . Okusho ukuthi, omunye umuntu uthuma lo muntu ukuba abhale okuthile (inoveli, indaba emfushane, isihloko, njll.) azi ukuthi ngeke akwazi ukwembula ubunikazi bakhe, nokuthi omunye umuntu, ozosayina sengathi uyibhalile, uzothatha lonke udumo.
Ngamanye amazwi, "uyisisebenzi, umuntu omnyama" owenza umsebenzi, kodwa izinzuzo, ukuqashelwa, ngisho nenzuzo kuzotholwa ngomunye umuntu.
Nakuba abaningi becabanga ukuthi zisetshenziselwa ukubhala izincwadi kuphela, iqiniso liwukuthi ungakwazi futhi uku-oda ama-biographies, izinkulumo, izindatshana ... noma yimuphi umbhalo umuntu oyedwa abhala kuwo egameni lomunye.
Manje, lokhu akuhlazisi kangako. Sikhuluma ngomuntu oyedwa oveza ubuhlakani bakhe bese omunye ethola lonke udumo. Empeleni ngumsebenzi , okhokhelwa imali ethile ngawo, ngezinye izikhathi ngenxa yokulahlekelwa amalungelo.
Kodwa-ke, kufanele ukhumbule ukuthi umbhali wezipoki kufanele amukele isivumelwano futhi azidele ngokuzithandela ukuba ngumbhali. Lokho akusho ukuthi "mahhala."
Izici Zombhali Wesipoki
Njengoba konke okushiwo ngenhla, akungabazeki ukuthi singathola izinkomba ezibalulekile ezibonisa i-ghostwriter. Baphakathi kwabo:
- Nikeza ubunikazi komunye umuntu. Ngaphandle uma kufinyelelwa esinye isivumelwano nomuntu omqashayo, ngokomthetho igama eliyohambisana naleyo dokhumenti kuyoba elomthengi, hhayi elomthengisi ("omnyama"). Eqinisweni, ngezinye izikhathi kuvamile ukuba umbhali ngokwakhe avele encwadini, hhayi njengomlobi, kodwa njengomhleli wekhophi.
- Kunesivumelwano esiyimfihlo. Lapho amaqembu abelana ngamaphuzu abaluleke kakhulu, hhayi kuphela asemthethweni futhi ayimfihlo, kodwa futhi nezinsuku zokugcina, yimalini ezokhokhwa, izigaba zobumfihlo, ukudluliswa kwamalungelo, njll.
- Kuyakhokha. Lesi mhlawumbe esinye sezizathu eziyinhloko ezenza abantu abaningi, ababhali noma cha, bathathe "abamnyama" bezemibhalo. Ngoba bayakukhokhela ukuthi ubhale. Okungukuthi, akudingekile ukuba ulinde izinyanga, ngisho neminyaka ukuze uthole inkokhelo enhle yezincwadi zakho; Akumele nawe uziphakamise, kodwa uma umsebenzi usuphelile, uthola imali bese kuba kanjalo. Ngeke kusaba nekhanda elibuhlungu. Futhi lokho, kholwa noma ungakukholwa, kuyisikhuthazo esikhulu.
Ungaba kanjani isipoki
Uke wakuthola yini ukuphazamiseka kokubhala futhi waqaphela ukuthi kungaba yindlela yomsebenzi ? Akuyona into engenangqondo ukucabanga kanjalo; empeleni, abanye ababhali bahlanganisa ukubhala kwabo nokubhala kwabanye. Kodwa ukuze uthole umsebenzi, udinga ukukhumbula okulandelayo:
udinga ukuqhubeka
Futhi ngalokhu asisho nje ukubhala phansi iziqu zakho, izifundo ozithathile, njll., kodwa kunalokho sisho ukubonisa umsebenzi wakho . Nikeza izibonelo zomsebenzi wakho, uqokomise amasu owazi kahle, izinhlobo zezincwadi ozigqamisayo, njalo njalo.
Ngezinye izikhathi, ukubonisa ubufakazi bokuthi uwine imiklomelo yokubhala kuyinto enhle ngoba kuzokwakha ukuzethemba okukhulu futhi bazokwazi nokuthi uyakwazi ukubhala uma uwinile.
Khethekile
Nakuba kuhle ukuba yi-generalist ekuqaleni ukuze uthole umsebenzi owengeziwe, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kungcono kakhulu ukugxila kuhlobo olulodwa noma ezimbili , ezintathu okungenani, ngoba ngaleyo ndlela ngeke ube muhle kuzo kuphela. Uzoba ngcono kakhulu ekubhaleni lezo zincwadi.
Thola amaklayenti
Amakhasimende akhona. Kodwa masibe neqiniso, akulula ukuwathola noma ukuwathola . Uma usondela kosaziwayo noma kumbhali onikeza izinsizakalo zakho, cishe bazokwenqaba, kungaba ngoba bengakacabangi ukubhala incwadi, ngoba bayithola icasula (njengokungathi abakwazi ukuzibhalela bona), noma nganoma yisiphi esinye isizathu.
Yingakho ngezinye izikhathi kufanele ukhangise "ngezinye izindlela" ezingaqondile ukuze udonse ukunaka futhi wenze amakhasimende azizwe ekhululekile (abaningi bakhetha ukubhekana nalezi zinkinga ngokuhlakanipha okukhulu).
zenze waziwe
Okuhlobene nalokhu okungenhla, kufanele ube uchwepheshe ofinyeleleka kulaba bantu. Futhi ngenxa yalokhu ungasebenzisa iwebhusayithi yakho, izinkundla zokuxhumana, izinkundla zemibhalo ... ngisho nemicimbi, ama-congresses, njll. Lokho kuzovula iminyango kwabangase babe amaklayenti.
Uhola malini umbhali oyisipoki?
Okunye kokungabaza okuyinhloko okuvelayo uma ucabanga ngokuba ngumbhali omnyama ukwazi ukuthi kufanele ucele malini. Iqiniso liwukuthi amanani ngokuvamile aphakathi kwama-euro angu-5 no-15. Kuncike kuphi ngempela? Bese:
- womsebenzi abawucela kuwe. Indatshana yamagama ayinkulungwane ayifani nencwadi enamagama ayi-100000. Lapho bekwenza usebenze kakhulu, intengo yekhasi ngalinye ivame ukwehla.
- Isipiliyoni. Akufani nokuthi i-oda lakho lokuqala ukuthi liyinombolo yekhulu. Uma usukhethekile, inani lakho liyakhuphuka.
- Izinkinga. Ngoba kufanele uzibhale ngokwakho, kanjalo, ngoba kufanele ulingise omunye umuntu ... konke okwandisa i-cache yakho.
- Iklayenti lakho lidume kangakanani. Ngoba kwesinye isikhathi abaningi bakhetha inombolo ephezulu bebe bazi ukuthi iyincwadi yomuntu ozokwenza ukuthi ibe negciwane kakhulu, ngaleyo ndlela baqinisekise ukuthi okungenani banodumo olungatholwa yile ncwadi.
Njengoba manje sewazi okwengeziwe ngale ndaba, uma ukwazi kahle ukubhala, uthathe izinyathelo zakho zokuqala ezincwadini futhi usuphumelele okuthile, maningi amathuba okuthi ungakwazi ukuzinikela ekubeni umlobi oyisipoki. Nakuba mhlawumbe kufanele uqale ucabange ukuthi uyawuthanda yini umbono wokuthi abanye bathole lonke udumo futhi awukwazi ukutshela muntu ukuthi nguwe okufanele ube nabo.