Ukuvumelana nokuphila kahle: izincwadi ezihamba phambili ze-yoga

I-Yoga ingenye yesithupha ama-darshanas —izimfundiso ezivamile zobuHindu. Kuyisiyalo ngokwengqondo, ngokomzimba nangokomoya esivela eNdiya. Njengomkhuba, igcizelela ukuzindla kanye nenkululeko, inkulumo yayo eyinhloko ithi I-Yoga Sutra, eyabhalwa isihlakaniphi uPatanali ngekhulu lesi-3 BC. C. Nakuba kunezikole eziningana, imithetho eyisisekelo icishe ifane.

Izikole eziyisisekelo i- raya yoga, i-jnana yoga ne-karma yoga, kanti izikole ezingezona isisekelo yi-hatha yoga, bhakti, ashtanga vinyasa yoga, kryā yoga ne-kundalini yoga. Njengezindlu ezahlukene, Kulo mkhuba kubhalwe izivumelwano, imibhalo, izinsiza zokufundisa kanye nezincwadi zesipiliyoni, ngaleyo ndlela isiza ukuqonda ingqikithi yayo. Lezi yizincwadi ezihamba phambili ze-yoga.

Izinjongo ze-yoga

Ngaphambi kokuthi singene esihlokweni, ake sikhulume kancane ngezinjongo zangempela ze- yoga, abangahambisani nombono waseNtshonalanga owehlisa kuphela ekuvivinyeni umzimba noma uhlobo oluthile lokuphumula kwengqondo nokungokomoya. Empeleni, Umgomo wangempela walo mkhuba uwukukwazi ukulawula umzimba nengqondo ngokuthanda kwakho, ukuze kuzuzwe ukuthula kwangaphakathi.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, Lokhu kwenzelwa ukuthola ukukhululwa komphefumulo emzimbeni wenyama., ngokuxhumana nalokho okukhona ngale kwe-"Maya", umqondo obhekisela eqinisweni elibonwa yibo bonke abantu bese bechaza ngezakhiwo zethu kanye nezinhlelo zokukholelwa esizithola kukho konke ukuphila.

▷ Ukuhlola khulula Kindle Unlimited: izigidi zezincwadi

Izincwadi ezinhle kakhulu ze-yoga

I-Yoga Sutras ka Patanjali (ngekhulu lesi-3 BC), nguSri Swami Satchidananda

Ingenye yemisebenzi eyisisekelo yefilosofi ye-yoga nefilosofi yamaHindu.. Lo mbhalo ongcwele uqukethe ama-aphorism angu-196—noma ama-sutra—akha indlela ye-yoga njengendlela yokuzuza ukukhanyiselwa kanye nokuzazi. Incwadi ihlukaniswe yaba izahluko ezine: Samadhi Pada, Sadhana Pada, Vibhuti Pada kanye neKaivalya Pada.

Eyokuqala iphathelene nokugxilisa ingqondo kanye nesimo sokumunca, okwesibili, ngomkhuba we-yoga, okwesithathu, ngamandla avela ngesiyalo, kanti okwesine, ngenkululeko yokugcina. Ngaphandle kwalokho, Umbhalo ubeka i-Ashtanga Yoga, uhlelo olunezinyathelo eziyisishiyagalombili oluhlanganisa izimiso zokuziphatha, isiyalo, ukuma—i-asanas—, ukulawula ukuphefumula—i-pranayama—, ukuzihlola nokuzindla.

Izilinganiso ze-Yoga Sutras zikaPatanjali

«Ukunaka, Ukuzindla kanye nokuzindla kwenziwa ngesikhathi esisodwa, lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi Ukuzindla Okugxilile (Samyama). "Ngokufunda i-Samyama, ukukhanya kolwazi kuvela."
"Uma kucatshangwa, ukwazi kugxile ngokuphelele entweni ecatshangwayo, ngaphandle komqondo wokuhlukana noma umuzwa wobuntu, yilokho okubizwa ngokuthi ukuzindla (Samadhi)."
"Lapho inkumbulo ihlanjululwe ngokuzikhipha ngokuphelele entweni yayo, ukuhlangana okuphelele nokuphelele nento ngokwayo kwenzeka, ngaphandle kwanoma iyiphi incazelo yengqondo. Lesi sifundazwe sibizwa ngokuthi i-Nirvitarka.

Bhagavad Gita (mhlawumbe ngekhulu lesi-3 BC), umbhali ongaziwa

Ingenye yemibhalo ebaluleke kakhulu yesiko lamaHindu, inkhulumomphendvulwano yefilosofi nengokomoya eyingxenye yenkondlo enkulu yama-epic Mahabharata. Uqanjwe phakathi kwekhulu lesi-2 nelesi-5, lo mbhalo wethula ingxoxo phakathi kweNkosana u-Arjuna nonkulunkulu uKrishna, osebenza njengomqondisi wakhe.

▷ Ukuhlola Izinyanga ezi-3 zamahhala Ziyazwakala: izinkulungwane zama-audiobooks

Enkundleni yempi yaseKurukshetra, u-Arjuna usenkingeni ejulile yokuziphatha futhi uyangabaza ukuthi kufanele yini alwe empini nezihlobo zakhe nothisha. Kulapho uKrishna emtshela khona Yembula izimfundiso zomsebenzi—i-dharma—, ukuzinikela—bhakti—, ulwazi—jnana—nokuhlukana nezithelo zesenzo—i-karma yoga—.

Kuzo zonke izahluko zayo eziyishumi nesishiyagalombili, i Bhagavad Gita ihlola izindikimba zomhlaba wonke njengemvelo yobukhona, iqiniso lokugcina, ukuzibona kanye nendlela eya enkululekweni.

Amagama asuka ku-Bhagavad Gita

“Ukubengezela kobuhle baphakade kukhanya phezu kwalo mkhathi omkhulukazi, futhi ezikhathini zokuzindla umuntu angabona okuphakade ezintweni zesikhashana. Lona umlayezo wababoni abakhulu bakamoya; futhi zonke izinkondlo, ubuciko nobuhle kuwukuhlukahluka okungapheli kwalo mlayezo."
"Izinkondlo ezinkulu zezilimi ezahlukene zinezindinganiso ezihlukene, kodwa zonke ziyizinkondlo, futhi imibono engokomoya yomuntu yonke iphuma ekukhanyeni okukodwa. Bakha izibani zomlilo ezivutha ngenxa yenkazimulo kaNkulunkulu.

IHatha Yoga Pradipika (ikhulu le-15)

Okwamanje enye yezindlela eziyisisekelo ze-hatha yoga, eyabhalwa ngekhulu le-15 yisazi saseSwatmarama. Ibhekwa njengesiqondiso sakudala somkhuba we-yoga ongokwenyama namandla, le ncwadi ihlanganisa amasu asendulo nezimiso zomoya ukuze kuzuzwe ukukhanyiselwa noma i-samadhi.

Indaba i ihlukaniswe yaba izahluko ezine lapho izihloko ezifana nokuma, amasu okukhanda, ukuvalwa kwamandla, ukuthinta okungokomfanekiso nezindlela zokuhlanza kuchazwa ngokuningiliziwe. Iphinde ibhekane nokuvuswa kwamandla e-kundalini kanye nokubaluleka kokuzindla ukuze kudlule ukulinganiselwa komzimba nengqondo.

Ngokungafani neminye imibhalo yefilosofi ye-yoga, i-Hatha Yoga Pradipika igcizelela isiyalo esingokomzimba njengendlela yokulinganisa amandla abalulekile -prana- futhi ulungiselele umzimba ukuze uthole izimo eziphakeme zokuqaphela.

Izilinganiso ze-Hatha Yoga Pradipika

"Lowo ingqondo yakhe ingalali futhi ingavuki, ikhululekile ukukhumbula futhi ikhohlwe, ingabhubhi noma ihlume. Lowo muntu ukhululwe ngempela.
“Yonke indawo yonke imane nje iyindalo yokucabanga. Umdlalo wengqondo uwukudalwa komcabango nje. "Lahla ingqondo ecatshangwayo kuphela."
«Ukuzijwayeza nsuku zonke kwandisa umlilo wesisu, ngakho-ke udokotela kufanele adle kakhulu. Uma edla kancane, umlilo uyamshisa ngaso leso sikhathi.

Isihlahla se-yoga (2008), ngu-BKS Iyengar

Kungumsebenzi obalulekile owenziwa yinkosi u-BKS Iyengar, enye ye-yogis enethonya elikhulu ekhulwini lama-20 nomsunguli we-Iyengar yoga. Kule ncwadi, i-Iyengar iveza i-yoga njengendlela ebalulekile yokuguqulwa, iqhathanise nesihlahla esizimpande, isiqu, amagatsha, amaqabunga nezithelo zimelela izici ezihlukahlukene zokuzijwayeza nokuphila okungokomoya.

Ngolimi olufinyeleleka kalula, umbhali uhlola izihloko ezinjengokubaluleka kokuziphatha, ukuxhumana phakathi komzimba nengqondo, ukuphefumula, ukuzindla kanye nezindinganiso zokuziphatha ze-yoga. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, inikeza amathiphu asebenzayo okusebenzisa i-yoga ekuphileni kwansuku zonke, ukukhuthaza ukulinganisela ngokomzimba, ngokwengqondo nangokomzwelo.

Izingcaphuno ezivela ku-Yoga Tree

«Izinjongo ezine zokuphila ziyi-dharma, isayensi yezibopho zokuziphatha, zomphakathi nezokuziphatha; i-artha, ukuzuza kwempahla yezwe; kāma, ukujabulela izinjabulo zokuphila; kanye ne-mokṣa, inkululeko noma injabulo.
«Kufanele sihlakulele isiyalo esithile esivumela ukuthi silondoloze lokho kuzwela kokudala. Esikhundleni sokusebenza noma nini lapho sizizwa sithanda khona, kungcono ukusebenza njalo nsuku zonke, ukuze izinga lemiphumela ligcinwe.

Umlando omfushane we-Yogi (1946), nguParamahansa Yogananda

Lena i-akhawunti engokomoya kaParamahansa Yogananda, inkosi ye-yoga eyaletha izimfundiso zaseNdiya emazweni aseNtshonalanga. Kulo msebenzi, Umbhali ulandisa ngohambo lwakhe olungajwayelekile kusukela ebuntwaneni bakhe eNdiya kwaze kwaba yilapho efika e-United States, lapho asakaza khona isayensi yasendulo ye-kriya yoga.

Kuyo yonke le ncwadi, u-Yogananda wabelana ngokuhlangana kwakhe nabangcwele abakhulu nezazi, okuhlanganisa nogogo wakhe, u-Sri Yukteswar, nabanye abantu abangaqondakali abafana noBabaji, uLahiri Mahasaya, noMahatma Gandhi. Ngezindaba ezigcwele ukumangala, umlobi uchaza okuhlangenwe nakho kwezimo eziphakeme zokuqaphela, izimangaliso, inhlanganyelo noNkulunkulu kanye nokuxhumana phakathi kwesayensi nengokomoya.

Izilinganiso ze-Paramahansa Yogananda

"Injabulo ayitholakali ezintweni ezibonakalayo, kodwa ekuthuleni kwangaphakathi nokuhlakanipha okungokomoya."
"Ukuzindla kuyisihluthulelo sokuvula amandla angcwele ngaphakathi kwethu."
"Ingqikithi yangempela yokuphila kukamoya ukuthanda bonke nokusebenzela bonke ngaphandle kokubandlulula."
"Ukuthula akutholakali ezweni langaphandle, kufanele kuzuzwe ngaphakathi ngokuzindla nokuxhumana noNkulunkulu."

Ukukhanya ku-Yoga: Umhlahlandlela Wakudala We-Yoga, Ngothisha Odume Kakhulu Emhlabeni (2007)

Lona omunye wemibhalo enethonya elikhulu ekusebenzeni nefilosofi ye-yoga. Ibhalwe ngu-BKS Iyengar, omunye wothisha be-yoga abanolwazi kakhulu futhi abadumile emlandweni, Le ncwadi isiyimanyuwali ebalulekile kubasebenzi bawo wonke amazinga.

Kulo mhlahlandlela ophelele, i-Iyengar iveza ukuma okungaphezulu kwamakhulu amabili anemiyalo enemininingwane nezithombe, kanye namasu okuphefumula namathiphu okuzindla. Iphinde ihlole ubukhulu befilosofi ye-yoga, esekelwe ku-Yoga Sutras yasePatanjali, futhi ichaza ukuthi ukuzijwayeza njalo kungaholela kanjani ekuguqukeni ngokomzimba, ngokwengqondo nangokomoya.

Izilinganiso ze-BKS Iyengar

“Ukuhaha kwethu kubangelwa ukwesaba ukuntula okwanele, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi imali noma uthando. I-Yoga isifundisa ukuthi siyeke lokho kwesaba futhi sibone inala esizungezile futhi esiyifukamele ngaphakathi kwethu.
"Elinye ikhambi eliphakanyiswe nguPatanjali ukucabanga ngento esiza ukugcina ukuzinza kwengqondo kanye nokwazi okuzolile. Ngokombono we-yogic, le ndlela kufanele ithathwe njengohlobo lokuzindla okuphulukisayo.

ActualidadLiteratura