Ungayibhala kanjani i-eseyi

Izinqubo zokwazi ukubhala i-eseyi zilula. Ngemuva kwakho konke, kuyindlela ehlelekile yokuveza eyakho imibono ngesihloko. Imvamisa, kwenziwa ngombono obucayi. Ngakho-ke, ama-eseyi amele ithuluzi elinamandla lokufundisa ngenxa yokuthi kungenzeka kube nengxabano noma izimpikiswano eziphikisanayo.

Ngokufanayo, indatshana ibhekwa njengohlobo lwezincwadi olubhalwe ngephrozi oluqukethe i-thesis esekelwe kokuhlangenwe nakho komuntu siqu kombhali kanye nemibono yakhe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwamasu okubhala kanye nokuhlobisa kuyamukeleka ngokuphelele kulolu hlobo lombhalo. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu—ikakhulukazi endabeni yendatshana yokubhala—ivame ukuchazwa njengeyobumbongo noma yobuciko.

Izinhlobo zokuhlola

Ngaphandle kwezindatshana zobuciko, kunezinye izinhlobo zezindatshana okufanele uzicabangele ngaphambi kokunquma ukuzibhala. Lezi zichazwe kafushane ngezansi:

I-eseyi ephikisanayo

Lolu hlobo lwendatshana luvame kakhulu ezihlokweni zezombusazwe noma ezingxoxweni ezihlobene nezomnotho. Nakuba zonke izindatshana ziphikisana, lolu hlobo oluthile lukhulunywa ngoba izincazelo zinomqondo oqondile (uma kuqhathaniswa nezindatshana zezincwadi). Umbhali wezindatshana kumele athembele emibonweni eyamukelekayo evela kwabanye ochwepheshe ukuze avikele umbono wakhe. UJosé Martí wayengumuntu ovelele kulo mkhakha.

I-eseyi yesayensi

Ihlukaniswa ngokuqina kwayo kwezemfundo kanye nesakhiwo sayo esisekelwe endleleni yesayensi. Ngakho-ke, iholela ekujuleni okukhulu kwempikiswano kanye nokusekelwa okuhleleke kahle komqondo ngamunye owethulwayo . Inhloso yendatshana yesayensi ukutadisha isihloko noma isimo bese wethula ukuhlanganiswa.

I-eseyi echazayo

Lolu hlobo lwendatshana lufaneleka kahle ekuhloleni izinkinga eziyinkimbinkimbi nasekunikezeni izincazelo ezifundisayo. Umbhali wendatshana ube esebhala umbhalo ochazayo futhi ocophelelayo, okwazi ukwembula yonke imininingwane yesihloko futhi awuchaze kahle.

I-eseyi yefilosofi

Njengoba igama layo lisho, iveza izingxoxo ezahlukahlukene zefilosofi. Ngenxa yalokho, ihlanganisa izihloko zokuqagela okukhona njengothando, incazelo yokuphila, ukholo, ukufa, kanye nesizungu, phakathi kwezinye. Ngenxa yalezi zizathu, iwuhlobo lwendatshana enombono ohlukile nowedlulele.

I-eseyi ebucayi

Naphezu kokwabelana ngokufana okuningi nendatshana ephikisanayo, indatshana egxekayo iqine kakhulu ekuphatheni kwayo ubufakazi. Ngakho-ke, ucwaningo lwangaphambilini kanye nokuqoqwa kolwazi olungemuva kudinga izinga lokuqina elifana nelendatshana yesayensi.

I-eseyi yezenhlalo

Lezi yimibhalo lapho umbhali wezindaba ehlola khona izinto ezihlobene nezinkinga zomphakathi kanye/noma ukubonakaliswa kwamasiko. Nakuba indatshana yezenhlalo ivumela ukucabanga nemicabango yombhali, lokhu kumele kusekelwe yizifundo zemfundo eziqinile. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, lolu hlobo lwendatshana lubhekwa njengegatsha lendatshana yesayensi. UTerenci Moix uphumelele kakhulu kulolu hlobo lwendatshana.

I-eseyi yomlando

Kulolu hlobo lwendatshana, umbhali uveza umbono wakhe ngesenzakalo somlando esithakazelisayo . Umbhalo uvame ukufaka ukuqhathanisa phakathi kwemithombo emibili noma ngaphezulu yomlando. Ngokusekelwe kulokhu, umbhali uchaza ukuthi yimuphi abawubheka njengonembe kakhulu. Umthetho owodwa kuphela ongaguquki ezimpikiswaneni ukugwema ukuphawula ngezenzakalo ezingenabo ubufakazi obuqinisekisiwe (yize umbhali engacacisa lapho enza izibikezelo).

Izici zesilingo

• Ungumbhalo oguquguqukayo futhi oguquguqukayo, ngaphandle kokulinganiselwa ngokwezihloko. Ngakho-ke, ungahlanganisa izitayela ezahlukahlukene zokwakheka - inqobo nje uma kugcinwa ukungaguquguquki - kanye namathoni wokukhuluma ahlukahlukene, anomsindo, anomsindo, agxekayo, noma amnandi futhi anomsindo.
• Kusebenza ukukhombisa umbono womlobi ngendaba okuxoxwe ngayo. Imvamisa ngenhloso ekholisayo, efundisayo noma ejabulisayo.
• Kuphoqelekile, umbhali kufanele asiqonde kahle isihloko okukhulunywe ngaso ngaphambi kokuveza iziphetho zakhe ukuthatha izincazelo ezifanele.
• Umbono ngamunye kumele ube nokudla okususelwa kuphenyo.
• Umbhali uyigcinile indlela akhuluma ngayo nesihloko (indida, ubucayi, okuqukethwe okungapheli, okulindelwe ngazodwana noma ngokuhlangene, ukuze kudale impikiswano) ...
• Ama-eseyi akuyona imibhalo emide kakhulu, ngenxa yalokho, imibono evezwe icacile futhi icacile ngangokunokwenzeka.

Isakhiwo sokuthuthukisa ukwakha i-eseyi

Isingeniso

Kulesi sigaba, umbhali unikeza umfundi isifinyezo esifushane sesihloko esihlaziyiwe, kanye nombono wabo. Lo mbono ungethulwa njengombuzo noma njengesitatimende esilindele ukuqinisekiswa. Kunoma yikuphi, lokhu kukhetha kubonisa ubuqambi bombhali kanye nesitayela sakhe.

Ukuthuthukiswa

Isitatimende sezizathu, imibono, kanye nemibono. Lesi sigaba kufanele sifake idatha nolwazi olufanele ngangokunokwenzeka . Umbhali kufanele futhi asho ngokucacile izizathu zakhe ezibaluleke kakhulu zokusekela noma zokuphikisa umbono owethulwe esingenisweni. Umbono ngamunye kumele usekelwe ngendlela efanele.

Isiphetho

Ingxenye yokugcina yendatshana iwukubukezwa okufushane kwakho konke okuchazwe emzimbeni, okuhlose ukwethula isisombululo njengesiphetho. Isiphetho singaphakamisa nemibuzo emisha noma—uma kukhulunywa ngezindatshana ezibucayi noma ezibhalwe phansi—sibonise ithoni yokugcona mayelana nomsebenzi . Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinkomba zezincwadi zivela ekugcineni kombhalo (uma kusebenza).

Izinyathelo zokubhala i-eseyi

Ngaphambi kokubhala

Inzalo nocwaningo

Okokuqala, isihloko kumele sibe nesithakazelo esikhulu kumbhali. Ngokusobala, ucwaningo olunzulu lubalulekile. Akukho mingcele mayelana nezinsizakusebenza: imibhalo yezemfundo, izihloko zamaphephandaba, izincwajana ezinyathelisiwe, izinto ezilalelwayo nezibonwayo, kanye ne-inthanethi.

Ungangena kanjani ku-inthanethi

Ubuningi bolwazi olutholakala ku-inthanethi bumelela umthombo owusizo kakhulu futhi ohlukahlukene kakhulu phakathi kwesimo sedijithali esisheshayo sanamuhla. Kodwa-ke, ubunzima obukhona ekusebenziseni idatha etholakale ku-inthanethi—ngenxa yezindaba ezingamanga—ukuqinisekisa ukunemba kwayo ngendlela efanele.

Sungula iphuzu bese uhlanganisa uhlaka

Lapho isihloko sesikhethiwe futhi siphenywa, umcwaningi kumele asungule isikhundla ngaphambi nje kokwethula ithisisi (ezoqinisekiswa noma ziphikiswe). Ngemuva kwalokho, umbhali uqhubeka ngokwakha uhlelo lokubhala, oluzosiza ukuhleleka ngokulandelana kwempikiswano yakhe. Lokho wukuthi, yimiphi imibono ezodingidwa esethulweni, entuthukweni nasekuphetheni, ngezingcaphuno zabo ezivela emithonjeni eboniswene nayo.

Ngesikhathi sokubhalwa kwendatshana

Ukubuyekezwa njalo

Ingabe umbhalo uyaqondakala kumfundi? Ingabe yonke imithetho yohlelo lolimi kanye nesipelingi ilandelwe kahle? Ingabe isitayela sokubhala siyahambisana nesihloko? Ukuphendula le mibuzo kubalulekile lapho ubhala indatshana. Kulokhu, umbono wabanye (umngane, isibonelo) ungaba usizo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, umbhali kumele aqonde ukuthi ukuhlela isitayela kuhilela ukuhlaziywa okucophelelayo kwesilulumagama kanye nezimpawu zokubhala ezisetshenzisiwe. Ikhoma noma igama elibekwe ngendlela engafanele lingashintsha ngokuphelele inhloso yokuqala yombhali ekuvezeni umbono. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, indatshana kufanele ibhalwe kabusha izikhathi eziningi ngangokunokwenzeka.

Ukushicilelwa

Ngokusobala, abalobi abangaziwa abanakho ukufinyelela okusheshayo ekushicilelweni okujwayelekile. Kodwa-ke, ukwenziwa kwedijithali kube lula ukusatshalaliswa kokubhala ngemidiya yezenhlalo kanye nezinsizakusebenza ezifana namabhulogi , ama-podcast, kanye nezinkundla ezikhethekile. Yiqiniso, ukwenza ukushicilelwa kubonakale endaweni enkulu ye-cyberspace kuyindaba ehlukile (kodwa futhi kunolwazi oluningi olutholakalayo ngalokho).