ULeo Tolstoy washona ngalolu suku ngo-1910. Ebhekwa njengomunye wababhali abakhulu emlandweni , wayenobuntu obukhangayo futhi wayengummeli oqinile wokungadlali ngobudlova, kanye nomuntu ozinikele ekungadli inyama kanye no-anarchist. Kanye noFyodor Dostoevsky, kungenzeka ukuthi ungumlobi wenoveli waseRussia odumile, onemisebenzi efana ne -War and Peace kanye ne -Anna Karenina . Ukuze simkhumbule, nansi izingcaphuno ezingu-25 ezikhethiwe ezivela emcabangweni wakhe nasemsebenzini wakhe.
ULev Nikolayevich Tolstoy
UTolstoy, owazalelwa emndenini odumile , waphumelela kakhulu ezincwadini eneminyaka engamashumi amabili nge-trilogy emfushane enesihloko esithi Childhood, Boyhood and Youth kanye neSevastopol Stories, esekelwe kokuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe ngesikhathi seMpi YaseCrimea. Inganekwane yakhe ihlanganisa nezindaba ezimfushane kanye namanoveli amaningana njenge- The Death of Ivan Ilyich , Family Happiness , kanye ne-Hadji Murad (eyanyatheliswa ngemva kokufa kwakhe). Wabhala nemidlalo yeshashalazi kanye nezindatshana eziningi zefilosofi, ezithonywe yisazi sefilosofi saseFrance uJean-Jacques Rousseau.
Ezinye izihloko zazihlanganisa i-Cossacks , i-Polikushka , ama-Hussar amabili, i-Confession, i-The Kingdom of God Is Within You, kanye ne-Resurrection . Kodwa ngokungangabazeki imisebenzi yakhe yobuciko yayiyi -War and Peace , i-epic enkulu yokuhlasela kukaNapoleon iRussia ngo-1812, kanye ne -Anna Karenina , zombili ezanyatheliswa ngezitolimende futhi zalungiselelwa amafilimu nethelevishini izikhathi eziningi.
Imishwana engu-25 kaTolstoy
Mayelana nothando, ezombusazwe, ifilosofi, inkolo noma ukubhala.
- Imali iyindlela entsha yobugqila, ehlukaniswa nendala kuphela ngeqiniso lokuthi ayinabuntu, ukuthi abukho ubudlelwano babantu phakathi kwenkosi nesigqila.
- Yinye kuphela indlela yokujabula: ukuphilela abanye.
- Injabulo yami ukuthi ngiyazi ukuthi ngikwazisa kanjani enginakho futhi angikufisi ngokweqile engingenakho.
- Kumele ngijwayele ukuthi akekho umuntu oyoke angiqonde. Lokhu kufanele kube isiphetho esivamile sabantu abanzima.
- Ngaphambi kokunikeza abantu abapristi, amasosha nothisha, kungaba ithuba lokwazi ukuthi abalambi yini.
- Uma ngicabanga ngabo bonke ububi engibubonile nengangihlupheka ngenxa yenzondo yobuzwe, ngizitshela ukuthi konke lokhu kulele emangeni enzondo: ukuthanda izwe.
- Uhulumeni yinhlangano yamadoda enza ubudlova kuwo wonke umuntu.
- Ngiqondile ukuthi inhlala-kahle yami ingenzeka kuphela lapho ngibona ubunye bami nabo bonke abantu bomhlaba, ngaphandle kokukhetha.
- Wonke umuntu ucabanga ngokushintsha umhlaba, kepha akekho noyedwa ocabanga ukuzishintsha.
- Kulula ukubhala imiqulu eyishumi yemigomo yefilosofi kunokusebenzisa eyodwa yezimiso zayo.
- Abukho ubukhulu lapho ubulula, ubuhle neqiniso kushoda khona.
- Ngikholwa wukuthi yize kuliqiniso ukuthi kunezingqondo eziningi njengamakhanda, kunezinhlobo eziningi zothando njengoba kunezinhliziyo.
- Uma ufuna ukujabula, yiba.
- Zonke izinhlobonhlobo, yonke intelezi nabo bonke ubuhle obukhona kulo mhlaba benziwe ngokukhanya nesithunzi.
- Ngiqondile ukuthi inhlala-kahle yami ingenzeka kuphela lapho ngibona ubunye bami nabo bonke abantu bomhlaba, ngaphandle kokukhetha.
- Amaqhawe amabili onamandla kakhulu ongathembela kuwo ukubekezela nesikhathi.
- Ukuvelela akuhambi kahle ngobuhle, kepha ngokuziqhenya, ubuqili nonya.
- Akukho ukungabongi okuvala inhliziyo enkulu, akukho ukunganaki okuyikhathalayo.
- Konke engikwaziyo ngiyakwazi ngoba ngiyakuthanda.
- Inhlonipho yasungulelwa ukuvala isikhala leso uthando okumele lusivale.
- Uma uthanda umuntu, uyamthanda umuntu anguye, hhayi umuntu ongathanda abe nguye.
- Lowo owazi umkakhe kuphela futhi omthandayo wazi okuningi ngabesifazane kunalowo owazi inkulungwane.
- Ukubhala incwadi enhle kuyo yonke impilo yakho kungaphezu kokwanele. Futhi ufunde eyodwa.
- Izindaba ezinhle aziveli kokuhle kokubi, kepha kusuka kokuhle kokuhle.
- Yonke imisebenzi, ukuze ilunge, kufanele isuke emphefumulweni wombhali.