Ikamu; Vicente Blasco Ibáñez
Ibhalekisi idrama yasemakhaya ebhalwe ummeli waseValencia, usopolitiki, intatheli kanye nombhali uVicente Blasco Ibáñez. Kungumsebenzi owashicilelwa ngo-1898, futhi wahlelwa ohlotsheni oluncane olwaziwa ngokuthi yi-Naturalism. Njengeqiniso elimangalisayo, ngo-1945, uRoberto Gavaldón wakhiqiza ifilimu esethwe kule noveli, edlalwa u-Domingo Soler, u-Anita Blanch noManolo Fábregas.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngo-1979, ku-Spanish Television, kwakhululwa uchungechunge oluqondiswe nguLeón Klimovsky, olubonisa ukusebenza kuka-Álvaro de Luna, Marisa de Leza, Victoria Abril, Lola Herrera kanye noLuis Suárez ezindimeni eziyinhloko. Isihloko sika-Blasco Ibáñez sinesilinganiso esimaphakathi sezinkanyezi ezingu-4.06 kwezingu-5 kuma-Goodreads, ekhuluma ngokudlulela okuthile ngesikhathi.
Umongo womlando nemibhalo
Ukuze uqonde ngokugcwele i-La barraca kuyadingeka ukuyibeka ngaphakathi kohlaka lwe-Naturalism, inhlangano yezincwadi efuna ukuveza iqiniso ngendlela enenjongo, cishe yesayensi, egxile ezicini ezimbi kakhulu zokuphila komuntu. ESpain ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, ukungalingani kwezenhlalakahle kanye nobumpofu basemaphandleni kwakugcwele, futhi Blasco Ibanez Wazimisela ukuveza lezi zinkinga ngokulandisa kwakhe.
Umbhali uphinde wathonywa yinhlangano elwela ukuvuselelwa kabusha, eyayikhuthaza ukuguqulwa komphakathi waseSpain ngemuva kokuwohloka kwezepolitiki nezomnotho ngekhulu le-19. Ibhalekisi ingahunyushwa njengomzamo wokukhanyisa izingxabano zomphakathi lokho kwavimbela intuthuko emaphandleni aseSpain.
isifinyezo sesakhiwo
Le noveli igxile emndenini kaBatiste Borrull, onquma ukuqasha indawo yokuhlala —ikhaya elincane lasemaphandleni—nendawo elizungezile, elashiywa ngemva kweminyaka yezingxabano phakathi kwalabo ababekade beqashile nabanikazi bomhlaba. Kodwa-ke, ukufika kwakhe kukhulula ubutha bomakhelwane, abathatha lezi zindawo njengeziqalekisiwe futhi babone uBatiste njengomuntu ohlaselayo osongela amasiko nokulinganisa komphakathi.
Naphezu kwemizamo yakhe yokusebenza umhlaba futhi azuze inhlonipho kubantu bendawo, UBatiste nomndeni wakhe babhekene nokuhlukunyezwa okwandayo. Lokhu kwenqatshwa kushuba ngezenzo zokucekela phansi kanye nolaka oluqondile, okuholela esivuthweni esibuhlungu esibonisa isihluku sokungezwani komphakathi kanye nokungenzeki kokubalekela ukucwaswa okuhlangene.
Izindikimba ezisemqoka zenoveli
Umzabalazo wezigaba nokungalingani kwezenhlalo
Enye yezindikimba ezivelele ze Ibhalekisi Kuwukungqubuzana phakathi kwabasebenzi basemakhaya nabanikazi bomhlaba, abalawula umhlaba futhi baqhubekisele phambili uhlelo lokuxhashazwa. Umfanekiso kaBatiste ufanekisela indoda esebenza kanzima efisa ukuchuma ngomzamo, kodwa ubhekene nesistimu engenabulungisa ngokujulile kanye nomphakathi obanjwe ukucasuka nomona.
Ukwaliwa umfokazi
Isibalo somfokazi noma isigebengu siwumgogodla wokulandisa. Naphezu kokwabelana ngobunzima nezidingo ezifanayo njengomakhelwane babo, UBatiste uthathwa njengoyingozi ngokudla umhlaba umphakathi owuthatha njengoqalekisiwe. Lokhu kwenqatshwa "kokunye" kukhombisa amandla okukhishwa inyumbazane nokucwasa okuvame ukuvela emiphakathini evaliwe.
Ukufa kanye ne-determinism
Ethembekile kusayensi yemvelo, u-Blasco Ibáñez wethula abalingisi bakhe njengezisulu zemvelo yabo kanye nezimo zezenhlalo nezomnotho ezibazungezile. Naphezu kwemizamo yakhe, U-Batiste akakwazi ukubalekela isiphetho sakhe esibuhlungu, egcizelela umqondo wokuthi abantu bahlelwe yizinto zangaphandle ezingaphezu kwamandla abo.
Imvelo njengesilungiselelo kanye nomlingiswa oyinhloko
Isifunda sase-Valencian asigcini nje ngokusebenza njengengemuva, kodwa futhi sisebenza njengomunye umlingiswa endabeni. Izincazelo ezinemininingwane zamasimu, izitshalo kanye nesimo sezulu bonisa kokubili ubuhle nobutha bendawo yemvelo, ngokusondelana nemizabalazo yabalingiswa.
Abalingiswa abakhulu
Batiste Borrull
Umlingiswa oyinhloko, indoda ekhuthele futhi eqotho ofuna kuphela ukunikeza umndeni wakhe ikusasa elingcono. Ukubekezela kwakhe kuphambene nenzondo engenangqondo yomakhelwane bakhe.
Teresa
UmkaBatiste, owabelana naye ngobunzima bakhe futhi uzama ukugcina uzinzo ekhaya.
Izingane zikaBatiste
Zifanekisela ithemba lekusasa elingcono, nakuba futhi behlushwa imiphumela yokulahlwa emphakathini.
Omakhelwane
Ngokuhlangene, bamele umqondo ovalekile kanye nokucwasa okubusa umphakathi.
Isitayela sokulandisa somsebenzi
UBlasco Ibáñez usebenzisa isitayela esiqondile nesichazayo, isici se-Naturalism. Imifanekiso enemininingwane yezindawo zasemaphandleni namasiko abantulayo kudala umoya ojulile, kuyilapho ulimi lwezingxoxo lwezingxoxo lunikeza ubuqiniso kubalingiswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umbhali usebenzisa ukulandisa okugcwele ukushuba, okwenza umfundi abambe ongezansi kuze kufike umphumela.
Umthelela nokwamukela
Ngesikhathi sakhe, Inqaba Wanconywa ngesibindi sakhe sokubhekana nezindaba ezibucayi zomphakathi kanye nokuveza ngokwethembeka impilo yasemaphandleni. Nokho, Waphinde wagxekwa ngenxa yokungabi nathemba kwakhe kanye nokhahlo lwezincazelo zakhe. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, le noveli izenzele yona njengomsebenzi obalulekile ezincwadini zesiSpanishi, kokubili ngokubaluleka kwayo kwemibhalo kanye nokufaneleka kwayo kwezenhlalo.
Ifa
I-Barraca iwumsebenzi oweqa isikhathi sawo ngokukhuluma ngezindikimba zomhlaba wonke njengokulwela ubulungiswa, ukwenqatshwa kwalabo abahlukene, kanye nomthelela wemvelo ekudalweni kwabantu. UVicente Blasco Ibáñez uyakwazi, ngobuciko bakhe bokulandisa, ukudweba isithombe esingokoqobo nesishukumisayo sokungezwani. lokho kwashintsha ukuphila kwasemaphandleni ekhulwini le-19 eSpain.
Ukufunda le noveli kungena emhlabeni wezingxabano ezijulile zabantu., lapho ukulwela ukusinda kungqubuzana nezithiyo zokungabekezelelani nokungalingani.
Ucezu lwe Ibhalekisi
«Amajaji agcina izitatimende zofakazi enkumbulweni yabo futhi abagwebe ngokushesha, ngokuzola kwalabo abaziyo ukuthi izinqumo zabo kufanele zenziwe. Noma ubani owayedelela inkantolo, ulungile; "Uma umuntu enqaba ukuthobela isigwebo, uzomphuca amanzi unomphela kanti uzobulawa indlala."
Sobre el autor
UVicente Blasco Ibáñez wazalwa ngoJanuwari 29, 1867 eValencia, eSpain. Empilweni, kwakhula ngakuye, ngokubambisana nephephandaba Umzana -ayisungula-, inhlangano yezombangazwe ye-republic eyaziwa ngokuthi i-blasquism. Ebusheni bakhe, waba nethuba lokufunda Abadabukisayo, nguVictor Hugo. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke, isazi-mlando uRamiro Reig sathi, wayazi ukuthi wayezoba umlobi wezinguquko.
Izingcaphuno zikaVicente Blasco Ibáñez
- "Umusa weqiniso uhlanganisa ukuba nonya, ngoba isitha esesabekayo sizinikela ngokushesha futhi umhlaba uhlupheka kancane."
- "Umuntu ompofu ozinikela esiphethweni sakhe futhi engafuni ukuceba, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yini, ngehhuku noma ngobuqili, uyigwala noma ongenamsebenzi, futhi akakwazi ukuguqula ububi bakhe bube ukufaneleka."
- «Njengesilo sokucabanga, sibazi kangcono ubukhulu bengozi kunezinye izilwane; kodwa uphila ngokujabula, ngoba akakhohlwanga, futhi uqinisekile ukuthi kukhona uMphathi ongenawo omunye umsebenzi ngaphandle kokumqapha.
- «Isilwane asiwazi umthetho, ubulungisa, ububele; Uphila isigqila sobumnyama bomzwelo wakhe wemvelo. Siyacabanga, futhi ukucabanga kusho inkululeko. Onamandla, ukuze abe namandla, akudingeki abe nonya; "Inkulu uma ingasebenzisi kabi amandla ayo futhi inhle."
- "Umuntu, olahlwe phakade ukuba luhlaza nobugovu ngokwemvelo yakhe, anganikela ngokuncane kakhulu endabeni ebucayi njengezinkondlo."
Ezinye izincwadi zikaVicente Blasco Ibáñez
Novelas
- Amaphupho (Izinganekwane namasiko) (1887);
- Okwezwe! Romeu the Guerrilla (1888);
- Isicabucabu esimnyama (1892);
- Iphile iRiphabhulikhi! (1893);
- Ubusuku bomshado (1893);
- Ilayisi netartana (1894);
- Kwangathi imbali (1895);
- Abalandeli (1895);
- Izindaba zesiValencian (1896);
- Phakathi kwezihlahla ezingamawolintshi (1900);
- Abalahliwe (1900);
- USónnica ungumbungazi ohamba phambili (1901);
- Umhlanga nodaka (1902);
- ICathhedral (1903);
- Isigebengu (1904);
- Iwayini (1905);
- Isixuku (1905);
- I-maja enqunu (1906);
- Intando yokuphila (1953);
- igazi nesihlabathi (1908);
- Umthetho ofile (1909);
- Luna Benamor (1909);
- Ama-argonauts (1914);
- Abagibeli bamahhashi abane be-apocalypse (1916);
- Mare Nostrum (1918);
- Izitha zabesifazane (1919);
- Imalimboleko kamufi (1921);
- Ipharadesi labesifazane (1922);
- Umhlaba Wonke (1922);
- Indlovukazi uCalafia (1923);
- Amanoveli avela e-Côte d'Azur (1924);
- Isizwe esithunjiwe (I-Militarist Terror in Spain) (1924);
- Ubaba wolwandle (1925);
- Ezinyaweni zeVenus: iBorgias (1926);
- Amanoveli othando nokufa (1927);
- UMademoiselle Norma (1927);
- I-idyll ye-nihilistic (1928);
- Bala uGarci Fernandez (1928);
- UMarujita Quiros (1928);
- UMnu. Avellaneda (1928);
- Midnight mass: izinganekwane namasiko (1928);
- I-Knight of the Virgin (1929);
- Efuna i-Great Khan (1929);
- Ubaba uClaudio (1930);
- Isipoki esinamaphiko egolide (1930);
- Owesifazane olahliwe kanye nezinye izindaba (1979).
Eminye imisebenzi
- Ikhathekizimu yeRepublican enhle (1892);
- I-Paris, imibono ye-emigré (1893);
- Ijaji. Idrama ngezenzo ezintathu kanye nephrozi (1894);
- Ezweni lobuciko (izinyanga ezintathu e-Italy) (1896);
- Impumalanga (ukuhamba) (1907);
- I-Argentina nobukhulu bayo (1910);
- Isithunzi sika-Attila: imizwa yempi enkulu (1916);
- Impi yaseMexico: izifundo ezishicilelwe emaphephandabeni amakhulu ase-United States (1920);
- Isizwe esithunjiwe (i-militarist terror in Spain) (1924);
- Emhlabeni jikelele wenoveli (1924-1925);
- OkweSpain futhi ngokumelene neNkosi (u-Alfonso XIII uvuliwe) (1925);
- Izoba yini iRiphabhulikhi yaseSpain (Ezweni nasebuthweni) (1925);
- Umlando Wempi YaseYurophu ka-1914 (1914-1921);
- Umlando wenguquko yaseSpain (kusukela eMpini Yokuzimela kuya ekubuyiselweni kweSagunto) 1808-1874 (1890-1892).