Okwakamuva ukwethulwa kwencwadi "USamuel OcaƱa, i-biography yamahhala"Incwadi, ebhalwe yisazi-mlando kanye nomlobi wezindaba u-Ignacio Lagarda Lagarda, isibe yindawo yokuhlangana yezizukulwane ezahlukene zamaSonora ezaziphila, ngokuqondile noma ngokungaqondile, nomuntu owayengumbusi wangaphambili. Lo msebenzi unikeza umbono ophelele wempilo yakhe siqu, umsebenzi wakhe wezokwelapha, kanye nomsebenzi wakhe wezepolitiki ehola uHulumeni waseSonora.
Isethulo esisemthethweni senzeke e Ithiyetha Yedolobha Yendlu Yesiko YaseHermosilloEsimweni esiphawulwe yizinkumbulo, ama-story, kanye nokuqashelwa emphakathini, amalungu omndeni, ozakwabo bangaphambili, izifundiswa, izintatheli, kanye nomphakathi jikelele bahlanganyele emcimbini, ngale kwemithetho, owaba yisikhumbuzo empilweni nasefeni likaSamuel OcaƱa GarcĆa.
Umcimbi womphakathi wokubuyisa inkumbulo yombusi wangaphambili
Umcimbi wokwethulwa kwale ngqungquthela uhlelwe yi- USamuel OcaƱa GarcĆa FoundationLo mcimbi, owahlanganisa umndeni, abangani, izikhulu zangaphambilini, kanye nabameleli abavela ezikhungweni zemfundo kanye nezenhlalo enhloko-dolobha yaseSonoran, waba nabantu abaningi ababeze ehholo leCasa de la Cultura, okubonisa intshisekelo yokufunda okwengeziwe ngempilo yombusi wangaphambilini.
Umbhali wencwadi uhlanganyele ku-presidium, U-Ignacio Lagarda LagardaPhakathi kwabahlanganyeli kwakungu-Ignacio Almada Bay, umcwaningi e-El Colegio de Sonora; Manuel Puebla GutiĆ©rrez, owayenguNobhala Wezokuthuthukiswa Kwezimboni Nezohwebo; kanye nentatheli uFrancisco Ruiz QuirrĆn. Ingxoxo ibiphethwe yintatheli. U-Armida Bernal Reyes, okwahlanganisa ndawonye ukungenelela okuhlukahlukene kanye nobufakazi mayelana nesikhathi sika-OcaƱa kuhulumeni.
Kusukela ekuqaleni, kwagcizelelwa ukuthi umsebenzi awugcini nje ngokulandelana kwezikhathi zemisebenzi yomphakathi, kodwa uhlola ubukhulu bomuntu, bezokwelapha kanye nobezenhlalo mayelana nomlingiswa: ubuntwana bakhe ezintabeni zaseSonoran, ukuqeqeshwa kwakhe kwezemfundo, isikhathi sakhe kwezokwelapha, kanye nendlela akha ngayo indlela yokubusa ephawulwa ukusondelana nabantu.
Izilaleli zazihlanganisa izihlobo zombusi wangaphambiliPhakathi kwalabo ababekhona kwakukhona umkakhe, u-Alba Zaragoza, izingane zakhe, abazukulu bakhe, kanye nabazukulu bakhe, kanye namalungu angaphambili ohulumeni wakhe, abamele izinhlangano zikahulumeni, kanye nabantu abavela emkhakheni wamasiko. Isimo, ngokusho kwababekhona, sasiyinhlanganisela yokukhumbula izikhathi zakudala, ukuziqhenya, kanye nokuzivocavoca okuhlangene kokukhumbula.
Phakathi kwalabo ababekhona egameni likahulumeni wesifundazwe kwakukhona: U-Adolfo Salazar, uNobhala Kahulumeni; UFroylƔn GƔmezUNobhala Wezemfundo Namasiko; UBeatriz Aldaco, inhloko ye-Sonoran Institute of Culture; kanye nezinye izikhulu kanye nabenzi bomthetho, okwaqinisa kakhulu isimo sokuqashelwa kwesikhungo.
Izwi lomndeni kanye nokubaluleka kwenkumbulo yomlando
Esinye sezikhathi okukhulunywa kakhulu ngazo kule nkulumo kwaba ukungenelela kuka UPaulina OcaƱa EncinasUmzukulu wombusi wangaphambili, owayekhulumela umndeni, wagcizelela ukubaluleka kokulondoloza inkumbulo kaSamuel OcaƱa hhayi nje kuphela njengomuntu odumile emphakathini, kodwa futhi njengomkhulu, udokotela, nomuntu oseduze.
UPaulina ubonge umbhali ngokubhala indaba ngesineke nangozwelo evumela izizukulwane ezintsha ukuthi... "ukuzokhuluma futhi" noSamuel OcaƱa ngezindaba nezinkumbulo eziqoqwe encwadini. Wagcizelela ukuthi umsebenzi kaLagarda wawuhilela uhlobo "lwemivubukulo engokomzwelo," ehlola izinkumbulo zomndeni, ukuthula, kanye nezindaba ezabiwe.
Wakhuluma futhi Javier OcanaUmongameli we-Samuel OcaƱa Foundation nomzukulu womongameli wangaphambilini, waphawula ukuthi isithunzi sikamkhulu wakhe siyaqhubeka nokudala ilukuluku ngisho naphakathi kwalabo abangakaze bamazi. Kuye, umlando umelela ukutholwa kabusha komuntu ophethe isikhundla, isiyalo sakhe, kanye nokuqonda kwakhe amandla njengethuluzi lenkonzo.
Amalungu omndeni amaningana aseduze ayekhona emgqeni ongaphambili, okuhlanganisa U-Alba Zaragoza OteroUmfelokazi kaSamuel OcaƱa, owayelalele ngokucophelela izinkulumo ezazikhumbula izigaba ezahlukene zempilo yomyeni wakhe yomphakathi neyangasese. Izingane zakhe nabazukulu bakhe babe khona kulo mcimbi, begcizelela umqondo wokuthi le ncwadi iphinda ifeze umsebenzi osondelene wokudluliselwa kwezizukulwane.
Ngaphandle kukaPaulina noJavier, kwakukhona amalungu omndeni omkhulu, njengalabo amadodakazi, abakhwenyana nabazukulu abaye bagcina ukuxhumana nefa lombusi wangaphambilini ngeSisekelo kanye nemisebenzi ehlose ukugcina inkumbulo yomlando yeSonora.
Iphrojekthi yomlando womuntu siqu eyazalwa ukusondelana komuntu siqu
Umbhali, U-Ignacio Lagarda LagardaNgesikhathi esethula, ulandise ukuthi imvelaphi yale ncwadi ihlobene kakhulu nobuhlobo bakhe noSamuel OcaƱa. Uthe wahlangana naye eseyingane, ngesikhathi umbusi wesikhathi esizayo engudokotela owayevakashela amakhaya ezihlobo zakhe ephethe isikhwama sakhe sezokwelapha ukuze elaphe iziguli, kudala ngaphambi kokuba igama lakhe lihlotshaniswe nezombusazwe zesifundazwe.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, uLagarda no-OcaƱa bahlangana ezindaweni ezahlukene zokuphila komphakathi, ekugcineni bahlanganisa ubungane obuhlala isikhathi esideUmlobi wezindaba uvumile ukuthi waphikelela iminyaka eminingi emcabangweni wokubhala incwadi ngempilo yakhe, kodwa u-OcaƱa wayevame ukuphendula ngokungabaza, ezibuza ukuthi ubani ongaba nesithakazelo endabeni yakhe.
Ngokusho kombhali, lokhu kumelana kokuqala kwaba nomthelela endleleni umsebenzi ozwakala ngayo, ozama ukubonakalisa ubulula kanye nokuzibekela eceleni yeqhawe layo, ngenkathi ibhala phansi ngokujulile iziqephu ezibalulekile zokuphatha kwakhe. Ukushona kombusi wangaphambili ngoDisemba 31, 2024, kwaba yimbangela yokugcina yokuthi uLagarda anqume ukuqedela iphrojekthi yempilo yakhe.
Le ncwadi ihlanganisa ubufakazi bomlomo, imibhalo egciniwe, imibhalo yesikhathi, kanye nezinkumbulo zomuntu siqu, ngenhloso yokwakha kabusha umongo womlando kanye nomlando. izisusa nezinqumo lokho kwaphawula impilo kaSamuel OcaƱa yomphakathi. Lokhu umsebenzi we-biography Ihlanganisa ubufakazi bomlomo, izingobo zomlando, kanye nezikhumbuzo zomuntu siqu ukuze inikeze umbono obanzi.
ULagarda wachaza ukuthi, ukuze kuqondwe umlingiswa, kwakudingeka ukumbeka endaweni ezungezile Izintaba zaseSonoran kanye nesifunda sase-Ćlamosngokuba khona kwabantu bomdabu kanye nemiphakathi yasemakhaya eyathonya umbono wayo wabantu kanye nezepolitiki. Ngakho-ke, incwadi iqala ngokubuka konke komlando kanye nomongo wezenhlalo wombuso engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu lama-20.
Ubuntwana ezintabeni, umsebenzi wezokwelapha kanye nokuqeqeshwa kwezepolitiki
Wazalwa ngo-1931 ngo Arivechi, SonoraUSamuel OcaƱa wakhulela endaweni enezintaba ephawuleka ngokuphila komphakathi, ubunzima bezinto ezibonakalayo, kanye nokuba khona okukhulu kwamasiko asemakhaya. Incwadi ichaza ukuthi lezi zimpande zathonya kanjani ukukhathazeka kwakhe kamuva ngemfundo, impilo, kanye nokuxhumana ezindaweni ezikude kakhulu zesifundazwe.
Lo msebenzi ulandelela umlando wawo ezikhungweni ezifana ne- Isikole sokuhlala eCruz GƔlvezlapho aqhubeka khona nezifundo zakhe endaweni ehlelekile nedinga umzamo omkhulu, kanye nokuqeqeshwa kwakhe kwezemfundo okwalandela ngaphandle kweSonora, okokuqala eNayarit kwathi kamuva eMexico City. Phakathi naleyo minyaka yobusha bakhe, wahlangana nezinhlangano zabafundi kanye nabantu bezombusazwe abathuthukisa umbono wakhe.
Ngaphambi kokubamba izikhundla eziphezulu, u-OcaƱa wayesebenza njengo udokotela wasemakhayaLesi sici sobuhlobo bakhe nabantu sasiyisici esibalulekile. Ubufakazi obuhlukahlukene obuqoqwe encwadini buqokomisa indlela yakhe eseduze neqondile, kanye nomkhuba wakhe wokunakekela izicelo zezakhamuzi mathupha, ngisho nalapho ephethe izikhundla zikahulumeni.
Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kokuhlangenwe nakho kwezokwelapha kanye nokuzikhandla kwezenhlalo kwakungenye yezinto ezasiza ekuchazeni indlela yakhe yokwenza izinto, ngokusho kombhali kanye nabahlaziyi. umsebenzi womphakathiUmlando ukhombisa ukuthi ukuxhumana nezidingo zabantu zansuku zonke kwathonya kanjani izinqumo zakhe zakamuva njengombusi.
Izindima eziningana zikhumbula ukuthi, ngisho nasengumbusi, uSamuel OcaƱa waqhubeka nomkhuba wokulalela izicelo isikhathi eside eminyangweni yokungena eSigodlweni Sikahulumeni, okwakuyisibonelo esiqinile senhloso yakhe yokuhlala emandleni. eduze kwezakhamuzi, ngale kwezinqubo ezisemthethweni.
UMbusi waseSonora: imisebenzi yomphakathi kanye nentuthuko yezimboni
Ingqikithi yezepolitiki yomlando igxile esikhathini lapho USamuel OcaƱa wayengumbusi waseSonora, kusukela ngo-1979 kuya ku-1985. Lo msebenzi uchaza izinqumo eziyinhloko zokuphatha kwakhe, ikakhulukazi mayelana nengqalasizinda, intuthuko yezomnotho kanye nokudalwa kwezikhungo zemfundo nezamasiko.
Esinye sezigaba eziphawulekayo ukuphathwa okuvumele i- Ukufakwa kwefektri yokuhlanganisa iFord eHermosillo, okubhekwe njengesikhathi soguquko ekuthuthukisweni kwezimboni zesifundazwe. Incwadi ichaza ukuthi le phrojekthi yaletha kanjani ukufika kwabaphakeli kanye nokusungulwa kwamapaki ezimboni ahlukahlukene.
Phakathi kwezinyathelo zokuthuthukiswa komnotho ezibalwe lapha kukhona ukudalwa amapaki ezimboni emadolobheni afana ne-Agua Prieta, Cananea, Hermosillo, Empalme, Ciudad ObregĆ³n kanye neNavojoangenhloso yokwehlukanisa imisebenzi ekhiqizayo kanye nokuheha utshalomali. Leli cebo likhonjwe ngesikhathi sesethulo njengelinye lamafa abonakala kakhulu ohulumeni wakhe.
Endaweni yengqalasizinda yamanzi, umbhalo uhlanganisa ukwakhiwa kwe amadamu ayisishiyagalolunye komasipala abahlukeneKukhulunywa nangokuthuthuka komsele iFuerte-Mayo kanye namaphrojekthi abalulekile okuphakelwa kwamanzi njengepayipi lamanzi iParedes-Nogales. Amaphrojekthi amanzi okuphuza kanye nezokuhlanzeka emadolobheni afana neGuaymas, i-Empalme, neSan Luis RĆo Colorado nawo ayaxoxwa ngawo.
I-biography ihlanganisa nezinkomba zokuthuthukiswa kwesimanje imigwaqo, izindawo zomphakathi kanye nezakhiwo ezifanekisela izintoAbabhali bagcizelele ukuthi eminingi yale misebenzi ihlose ukuthuthukisa izimo zokuphila ezindaweni zasemadolobheni nezasemakhaya. Ngokusho kwabahlaziyi bencwadi, lezi zinqubomgomo zisize ekubekeni isisekelo sentuthuko eyalandela yeSonora.
Isiko, imfundo kanye nokudalwa kwezikhungo ezibalulekile
Ngaphandle komsebenzi wezinto ezibonakalayo, le ncwadi inikela ngengxenye ebalulekile ku- ukwakhiwa kwezikhungo Ikhuthazwe ngesikhathi seminyaka eyisithupha kaSamuel OcaƱa, le nqubo ichazwe kabanzi eyaholela ekudalweni kwezinhlangano, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ezibe yizimpawu zokuphila kwezemfundo namasiko eSonoran.
Phakathi kwezikhungo ezivelele kukhona Ikolishi laseSonora, amaCesues ngaleso sikhathi (manje eyi-State University of Sonora), i-Center for Research in Food and Development (CIAD), i-Ecological Center yaseSonora, kanye ne-Institute of Scholarships and Educational Credit. Bonke bavele ngaphansi komongo wokuzibophezela emfundweni ephakeme kanye nocwaningo.
Emkhakheni wezindaba zomphakathi, i-biography ikhumbuza ukudalwa Umsakazo i-Sonora kanye nesiteshi 6 (manje eyi-Telemax), kanye nokukhuthazwa kohlelo lukahulumeni lweminyuziyamu, imitapo yolwazi, kanye nezikhungo zamasiko ezazifuna ukuletha umsebenzi wobuciko ezilalelini eziningi. Kwabaningi babahlanganyeli ekwethulweni, lezi zinhlelo zisephakathi kweminikelo ehlala isikhathi eside yombusi wangaphambili.
Ukwakhiwa kwe Isikhungo Sokusetshenziswa Okuningi (CUM) kanye nezinye izindawo ezenzelwe imicimbi yezemidlalo, yamasiko kanye neyomphakathi, eziphendule isidingo sezindawo ezanele zokuphila komphakathi kanye nombukiso weSonora enyakatho-ntshonalanga yeMexico.
Incwadi ihlaziya ukuthi leli phakethe lezinqubomgomo zomphakathi, eligxile emfundweni, emasikweni nasesayensini, laba kanjani yingxenye ye- isu lokuthuthukisa eliphelele, lapho ingqalasizinda yezinto ezibonakalayo yahlanganiswa khona ngokwakhiwa kwamakhono abantu kanye nezemfundo ngaphakathi kwesifundazwe.
Isitayela sokubusa kanye nokuqashelwa okulandelayo
Ngesikhathi sesethulo, kube nengxoxo ebanzi mayelana isitayela sokubusa USamuel OcaƱa uchazwa njengomuntu ongeneka kalula, ozinikele ekuhlukaniseni izifundazwe, futhi ogxile ekuqiniseni izinsizakalo zomphakathi kulo lonke izwe. Umlando wakhe uphawula ukuthi enye yezinto ayezikhathaza njalo kwakuwukuletha imfundo, ukunakekelwa kwempilo, kanye nemisebenzi yomphakathi ezindaweni ezazincishwe amathuba ngokwemvelo.
Abamele umphakathi wezemfundo bagcizelele ukuthi umsebenzi usebenza njenge- umlando ukuze kufundwe ngentuthuko yezikhungo enyakatho-ntshonalanga yeMexico phakathi nekota yokugcina yekhulu lama-20. Ngokusho kochwepheshe, le ncwadi ivumela ukuqonda okungcono kwezinqumo ezakha isimo sezemfundo, sezimboni kanye namasiko eSonora.
Ezikhathini eziningana, umsebenzi ka-OcaƱa wawuqashelwa obala ngabalingisi bezepolitiki kamuva, kuhlanganise nowayengumongameli U-AndrĆ©s Manuel LĆ³pez Obradorowakhuluma ngaye njengesibonelo sokwethembeka kanye nenkonzo. Umlando wakhe uhlanganisa lezi zinkomba njengengxenye yokuhlola umphakathi ngomlingiswa wakhe.
Lo mbhalo uphinde ukhulume ngesikhathi esilandela ububusi bakhe, okuhlanganisa no buyela e-Arivechi, umasipala ayengumeya wawo, kanye nempilo yakhe eyimfihlo ngemva kokushiya isikhundla, ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukuxhumana nokuphila komphakathi noma namaphrojekthi ezenhlalo nezemfundo.
Abahlaziyi bavumile ukuthi le ncwadi ayifuni ukwakha isithombe esiphelele, kodwa kunalokho inikeza izici kumfundi ukuze akhe umbono wakhe mayelana nobunzima bomlando bokuphatha kwakhe, kanye nempumelelo, ukungezwani, kanye nezinselele, kodwa njalo kusukela ku- imibhalo ebanzi neqinisekisiwe.
Umlando ohlanganisa izizukulwane futhi uhlanganise ifa
Esinye sezici eziqokonyiswe yiSisekelo kanye nababekhona ukuthi "USamuel OcaƱa, i-biography yamahhala" Akuhloselwe nje kuphela labo abaphila phakathi nesikhathi sika-1979-1985 mathupha, kodwa futhi nasezizukulwaneni ezisencane ezingalazi kahle igama layo. Lo msebenzi uhlose ukugcwalisa lesi sikhala solwazi ngendaba efinyelelekayo esekelwe emithonjeni eqinile.
Ngesikhathi somcimbi kwagcizelelwa ukuthi isibalo sika-OcaƱa siyaqhubeka nokukhiqiza intshisekelo kanye nelukuluku Phakathi kwabantu ababengamazi mathupha, ngenxa yomthelela wemisebenzi nezikhungo ezadalwa ngesikhathi sokuphatha kwakhe. Ngaleyo ndlela, le ncwadi iba yindlela yokuqonda isikhathi esibalulekile emlandweni wanamuhla weSonora.
Ubusuku bokwethula buphethwe ngo ukusayinwa kwencwadi, isithombe esisemthethweni kanye nokudla okuthosiwe Lo mcimbi wavuselelwa yi-State Symphonic Band, eyawunika ithoni yomkhosi kodwa enesizotha. Abaningi ababekhona basebenzise leli thuba ukwabelana ngezinkumbulo zabo kanye nezindaba eziphathelene nombusi wangaphambili.
Uma zihlanganiswa, incwadi kanye nokwethulwa kwayo emphakathini kuqinisa umzamo wokwenza inkumbulo ehlangenelapho umndeni, izikhungo, kanye nezakhamuzi zihlangana khona ukuze zihlole isikhathi esidlule sakamuva sesifundazwe. Leli volumu lilungele ukuba yinkomba ebalulekile kunoma ngubani ofuna ukuqonda ushintsho lukaSonora eminyakeni embalwa edlule.
Ekugcineni, okusobala ukuthi "uSamuel OcaƱa, i-biography yamahhala" idlula umbono olula womlando womuntu: yindaba exhumanisa umlando kadokotela nosopolitiki waseSonora nezinguquko zomphakathi, ezomnotho kanye nezamasiko zensimu yonke, futhi lokho kusenza sibheke ngombono omkhulu enkathini esathinta impilo yomphakathi yesifunda namuhla.
