Izinkondlo zikaFrancisco de Quevedo
UFrancisco de Quevedo wayeyisikhulu esidumile saseSpain, umbhali, umbhali wemidlalo yeshashalazi, imbongi kanye nepolitiki ye-Golden Age Kanye nomfundisi uLuis de Góngora - agcina ubutha naye impilo yonke - uthathwa njengomunye wezincwadi eziphawuleka kakhulu ezenziwe ngezincwadi. Inhlabathi yaseSpain. Ngaphezu kohlobo lwezingoma, umbhali ungene ngempumelelo kukho kokubili ukulandisa kanye nethiyetha.
I-Quevedo iphinde yaba negalelo elikhulu ezindaweni ezifana neFilosofi nemibhalo ehlekisayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, wathola iziqu ze-knight of the Order of Santiago kusukela ngo-1618 kanye nenkosi yaseTorre de Juan Abad kusukela ngo-1620, okwamenza wahlonishwa ngokwengeziwe kubantu bakubo. Kulesi sihloko sizokhuluma ngempilo yombhali, kanye nokubaluleka komsebenzi wakhe.
I-biography emfushane
Iminyaka yokuqala
UFrancisco Gómez de Quevedo Villegas y Santibáñez Cevallos wazalwa ngo-September 14, 1580 eMadrid. Wakhulela emndenini wezicukuthwane ezivela edolobhaneni laseVejorís, ezintabeni zaseCantabria.. Kusukela esemncane wayenenkinga ethile yezokwelapha, njengokuxhuga kanye ne-myopia enzima. Njengoba abazali bakhe nabanakekeli bakhe babenezikhundla eziphakeme eSigodlweni, futhi ezinye izingane zazimhlupha, uFrancisco osemncane wazinikela ekufundeni.
Futhi kusukela esemncane kwadingeka abhekane nokufa. Owahamba kuqala kwaba nguyise, kwalandela umfowabo. Ngokuhlakanipha kwangaphambili, UQuevedo wathunyelwa ukuyofunda endaweni eyayibizwa ngokuthi iColegio de San Pedro ngaleso sikhathi. kanye noSaint Paul. Lapho, wafunda izilimi zasendulo kumaJesuit, kanye nesiFulentshi, isiNtaliyane, ifilosofi, i-physics, izibalo kanye nemfundiso yenkolo—eyokugcina e-University of Alcalá.
Isiteji saseNyuvesi kanye nokuqala kwesithixo
Phakathi kuka-1601 no-1605 wafunda eNyuvesi yaseValladolid, lapho bahlangana khona. izinkondlo zakhe zokuqala, ezilingisa—empeleni, ezihlekisayo—ezembangi yakhe uLuis de Góngora.. Okuthakazelisayo ukuthi lobu buhlobo obubi baqhubeka kwaze kwaba sekufeni kwendoda yaseCórdoba, futhi akwaziwa ukuthi empeleni impi yaqala ngenxa yenkondlo eyayingakabhalwa ngisho noQuevedo, kodwa umkhohlisi.
Yiba ngangokunokwenzeka, Izingxabano zabo zobunkondlo zandisa udumo lwabo bobabili, ukuzuza kokubili abalandeli nabaphikisi emisebenzini yabo eyahlukene. Ngokungangabazeki, ukushicilelwa kokuqala kukaQuevedo okusemthethweni kwenzeka ngo-1605, lapho izingoma zakhe eziyishumi nesishiyagalombili zivela emqulwini onesihloko esithi. Izimbali zezimbongi ezigqamile. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke, ifa lakhe landa kwaze kwaba sekufeni kwakhe ngo-1645.
Izincwadi zikaFrancisco de Quevedo
Ngenxa yezingxabano kanye nokuhlolwa kwangaleso sikhathi, eziningi ze imisebenzi kaFrancisco de Quevedo zanyatheliswa ngemva kokufa noma ngaphansi kwamanye amagama. Ngakho-ke, izihloko nezinsuku ezivezwe ngezansi zingahluka kancane kuye ngohlelo nolwazi lwesimanje lwezazi.
Izinkondlo
- Ingxenye yokuqala yezimbali zezimbongi ezidumile zaseSpain (1605);
- Iculo le-Antequera kanye neNcwadi Yezingoma (1628);
- I-Parnassus yaseSpain, intaba ehlukaniswe iziqongo ezimbili, enama-Muses ayisishiyagalolunye (1648);
- Iminyuziyamu Emithathu Yokugcina yaseCastilian. Ingqungquthela yesibili yeParnassus yaseSpain… (1670);
- Izinyembezi zomuntu ozisolayo (1670).
temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba
Amaphupho nezinkulumo (1606-1623)
- Iphupho Lokwahlulelwa Kokugcina;
- Isikhulu sedemoni;
- Iphupho Lesihogo;
- Umhlaba ngaphakathi;
- Iphupho Lokufa.
Amaphupho okuziphatha
- Inkulumo yabo bonke odeveli noma isihogo esichitshiyelwe (1628);
- Wonke umuntu isikhathi kanye Fortune nge ubuchopho.
abanye
- Inkulumo yabo bonke odeveli noma isihogo esichitshiyelwe (1628);
- Umlando wempilo kaBuscón obizwa ngokuthi uDon Pablos; isibonelo sabazulazulayo nesibuko sabancishanayo (1626).
Imisebenzi yemikhosi
Ukubhuqa kwe-bureocratic
- Prematic kanye tariffs, ezenziwe abathembekile izifebe;
- Amathiphu okusindisa impukane futhi usebenzise i-prose;
- Isikhathi sokuqala;
- Izivumelwano zomshado;
- Amazwibela empilo yeNkantolo.
- Izincwadi ezivela ku-Knight of the Pincer (1625);
- Incwadi yazo zonke izinto nokunye okuningi;
- Ihlanganiswe ngabafundile nabanolwazi kuzo zonke izindaba;
- Uthisha omubi kuphela;
- Kuhloswe ngelukuluku lokufuna ukwazi kwabamatasatasa, isixuku sabakhulumayo, nokucwiywa kwezalukazi.;
- Ngiyabonga namashwa avela ehlweni lembongolo. Ibhukwana le-Jocular mayelana nezinjabulo kanye nokugula okuhlobene nesitho esinjalo.
Indawo yaseshashalazini
Amahlaya
- Kufanele kube yimfihlo kangakanani.
Amahors d'oeuvres
- UBarbara;
- Diego Moreno;
- AmaMuñatones amadala;
- Ngiyabathukuthelisa;
- Ukudayiswa;
- Ikhono;
- I-Madrid Moth;
- Indoda yesipoki;
- UMarion;
- I-Knight of the Pincer;
- Umfana noPeralvillo baseMadrid;
- Izingubo ezindala;
- Amazwi ekhehla elinomona.
Imisebenzi yezepolitiki
- ISpain ivikele (1609);
- Inqubomgomo KaNkulunkulu (1617);
- Umhlaba ophelelwe yisikhathi kanye nokugajwa kweminyaka (1621);
- Ama-anals amahle wezinsuku eziyishumi nanhlanu (1621);
- Isikhumbuzo sokusekelwa kweSantiago (1627);
- I-lynx yase-Italy kanye ne-dowser yaseSpain (1628);
- I-chiton yezingxoxo zamatshe (1630);
- Ukubulawa kumaJuda (1633);
- Incwadi eya kothile opholile, omude kakhulu futhi onamandla kakhulu uLouis XIII, inkosi engumKristu kakhulu yaseFrance (1635);
- Iqoqo elifushane lezinkonzo zikaFrancisco Gómez de Sandoval, uDuke waseLerma (1636);
- Impilo ka-Marcus Brutus (1644).
Mayelana nezinkondlo zikaFrancisco de Quevedo
Kuyamangaza ukuthi iningi lokukhiqizwa kwezinkondlo zikaDon Francisco kuyahlekisa. Nokho, u-Abbe José Marchena waphikisa ngokuthi ukubhuqa kwakhe kwakungaqondiswe kahle. Nakuba umlobi wayezazi ngempela izimbangela zangempela zokuwohloka komphakathi, kuyena ukugxeka kwakubaluleke kakhulu kunanoma yini enye.
Esikhundleni sokuthi aveze ukusola kwakhe izicukuthwane, wenzela abaphansi. Lokhu kuphambene nalokho okwadalwa, isibonelo, ngu-Tassis y Peralta, isibalo sesibili sika-Villamediana, owayengomunye u-satirist omkhulu wangaleso sikhathi. Lo mongo usebenzela ukuqonda isizinda se-Baroque conceptism ka-Quevedo, kanye nokusebenzisa kwakhe izibalo zokukhuluma nokuhlukumeza i-amphibology.
Izinkondlo ezinhle kakhulu zikaFrancisco de Quevedo
"Uthando olungapheli ngaphezu kokufa"
Vala amehlo ami okokugcina
ithunzi elizongithatha usuku olumhlophe;
futhi ngizokwazi ukudedela lo mphefumulo wami
isikhathi sokulangazelela kwakhe ukukhathazeka ukuthopha;
kodwa hhayi kuleya enye ingxenye ebhange
izoshiya inkumbulo, lapho yasha khona:
ukubhukuda kuyawazi ilangabi lami amanzi abandayo,
Futhi ulahlekelwe yinhlonipho ngomthetho onzima.
Umphefumulo uNkulunkulu abe yilo lonke ijele,
Imithambo ehlekisa ngomlilo ongaka,
amamabula ashile ngokukhazimula,
umzimba wakho uzoshiya, hhayi ukunakekelwa kwakho;
bayoba umlotha, kodwa bayoba nengqondo;
bayoba uthuli, kube nothuli oluningi othandweni.
ukuhlaziya kafushane
"Uthando olungapheli ngaphezu kokufa" Kuyi-sonnet yothando, njengemibhalo eminingi kaQuevedo, nayo ebonisa ukungafi komphefumulo. kanye nothando. Isakhiwo sawo sakhiwe amavesi e-hendecasyllabic angu-14 asakazwa ngamaquartet amabili kanye nama-tercets amabili anemvumelwano yongwaqa. Njengezinsiza, usebenzisa isingathekiso, i-antithesis, ukwenza samuntu, i-hyperbaton kanye nendida.
"Kowesifazane onamehlo aphambene futhi omuhle"
Uma bebuka ingxenye eyodwa kuphela
amehlo akho, iyiphi indawo angayikuvutha na?
Futhi uma bengabhekanga ezindaweni ezahlukene,
Ukushona kwelanga noma iMpumalanga kuzoba yiqhwa.
Ukubheka i-clubbing kanye nesobunxele kuwubugebengu;
izibani zakho kwesokunxele ziyakumemezela,
ngoba ngenhloso yokukhohlisa bayasidubula
ukukhanya okuthakazelisayo, okumnandi nokuvuthayo.
Lokho abangakubheki bayakubona, futhi bayimpango
ezabo kubo bonke abazibonayo, kanye lokunqoba kwazo
Inikeza umphefumulo imivuzo eminingi njengoba yenza intukuthelo.
Imuphi umthetho-ke ongagudluza ijaji elibi
ngoba, womabili amehlo angamakhosi,
wawabiza ngokuthi ama-viscounts of sight?
ukuhlaziya kafushane
Inkondlo yakhiwe ngama-quatrains amathathu kanye ne-couplet yokugcina, elandela isakhiwo se-sonnet yendabuko. Amavesi angama-hendecasyllable anemvumelwano yongwaqa. Ukukhuluma ngamandla okubukeka, umbhali usebenzisa izinsiza ezifana nendida kanye nokuphikisana. Kodwa-ke, ngesikhathi esifanayo, futhi ngenhlamba enkulu, igxile ohlotsheni lokugxekwa komphakathi kanye nomthelela wobuhle othandweni.
"Ngabuka izindonga zezwe lakithi"
Ngabuka izindonga zezwe lami,
uma isikhathi esinamandla, sesivele sishwabene,
kusukela emncintiswaneni weminyaka yokukhathala,
okuphela kuye isibindi sakhe.
Phuma uye ensimini; Ngabona ukuthi ilanga liyaphuza
imifudlana yeqhwa ithululwa,
nasezintabeni ezintabeni izinkomo,
ukuthi ngamathunzi weba ukukhanya kwawo emini.
Ngangena endlini yami; Ngakubona lokho, kwavela,
kwekamelo elidala kwakuyimpango;
induku yami, igobile kakhudlwana futhi inamandla amancane.
Ukunqotshwa ngeminyaka ngezwa inkemba yami,
futhi angitholanga lutho engingabeka amehlo ami kukho
ukuthi kwakungeyona inkumbulo yokufa.
ukuhlaziya kafushane
Le nkondlo kaQuevedo inesakhiwo esifanayo nalezi ezimbili ezedlule. Umehluko wangempela lapha uku intambo yetimu, eyakhiwe ngezinto ezinjengokulangazelela izwe lakubo elilahlekile noma elinamathambo. Ngenkathi ekhuluma ngokuwohloka okuvamile nokuqoqiwe, umbhali ubiza isimo somjikelezo wempilo kanye nokuba khona yonke indawo kokufa ngezinye zezinsiza zakhe azithandayo zokukhuluma ( isingathekiso, hyperbaton, ukwenza samuntu...).
"Bekuyiphupho izolo"
Bekuyiphupho izolo, kusasa kuzoba umhlaba.
Kungekudala kungabi nalutho, futhi ngemuva nje kokubhema!
Nezifiso zokudalelwa, futhi ngicabanga kanjalo
vele ukhombe uthango olungivalayo!
Ukulwa okufushane kwempi yokungenisa,
ekuzivikeleni kwami, ngiyingozi enkulu,
futhi ngenkathi ngiphethe izikhali zami,
lapho umzimba ongingcwabayo ungiphatha kancane.
Akusekho izolo, kusasa akufikanga;
namuhla kwenzeka futhi isikhona futhi ibikhona, ngokunyakaza
lokho kungiholela ekufeni.
Amagabade yisikhathi nesikhathi
ukuthi ekukhokhelweni kobuhlungu bami nokunakekelwa kwami
bamba impilo yami yesikhumbuzo sami.
ukuhlaziya kafushane
Ukulandela ukwakheka okufanayo okukhulunywe ngakho ngaphambili, umbhali uqala ukuzindla ngesikhathi esidlulayo lapho umuntu avunyelwa ukuba abe semhlabeni. Ngokunjalo, kwakha isingathekiso esinemininingwane mayelana nokungabalulekile komuntu ebusweni bendawo yonke kanye nempilo njengomzabalazo ongenamsebenzi: isibonelo esingenathemba esingahlotshaniswa nenganekwane kaSisyphus.