Izinkondlo zesizukulwane sama-27

Lapho umsebenzisi we-Intanethi efuna "izinkondlo ze-Generación del 27", imiphumela ikhomba emsebenzini wababhali abanjengoPedro Salinas, uRafael Alberti noma uFederico García Lorca. Kukhona nemibhalo kaDámaso Alonso, Jorge Guillén, Gerardo Diego, Emilio Prados, Vicente Aleixandre, Manuel Altoaguirre, Adriano del Valle, Juan José Domenchina noPedro García Cabrera.

Lolo hlu luhlanganisa imisebenzi yezinye izimbongi ezihlotshaniswa kancane nesizukulwane. Lokhu kufaka phakathi uMiguel Hernández, uLeón Felipe, uJosé Moreno Villa, uFernando Villalón, uMax Aub, noJoaquín Romero Murube. Ngokufanayo, umChile odumile, uPablo Neruda, wayehlobene kakhulu nabaculi beqembu abangochwepheshe, ikakhulukazi uSalvador Dalí.

Isizukulwane sika '27

Leli kwakuyigama elanikezwa iqembu lababhali be-avant-garde, abadwebi kanye nezifundiswa ezavela ngo-1927. Inhloso yabasunguli bayo —uPedro Salinas, uRafael Alberti, uMelchor Sánchez Almagro noGerardo Diego— kwakuwukuhlonipha uLuis de Góngora (1561 - 1627) , lapho sekudlule iminyaka engamakhulu amathathu kusukela ashona.

Abanduleli bale nhlangano babheka iGóngora "njengommeleli omkhulu wezincwadi zeBaroque zeNkathi Yegolide YaseSpain." Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuhlukaniswa kwezizukulwane kwaphikiswana noSalinas ngokwakhe, owagomela ngokuthi amalungu aleli qembu awahambisani nomqondo kaJulius Peterson "wesizukulwane." Le ncazelo yomlando isekelwe kulezi zindlela ezilandelayo:

• Ibanga elincane phakathi kweminyaka yokuzalwa kwamalungu ayo. Endabeni yeSizukulwane sama-27, ezinye zazo bezinokuhluka kweminyaka yobudala okufika eminyakeni eyi-15.
• Ukuqeqeshwa okufanayo kwezemfundo kanye / noma kwengqondo. Yize iningi lazo liqondane nendawo yokuhlala abafundi baseMadrid, babenjalo ubuzalwane besiko obunezici ezivamile zobuhle nefilosofi eyabiwe.
• Ubudlelwano bomuntu siqu. Ukukhuluma iqiniso, amalungu esizukulwane sama-27 ayeqoqwe ngambili ngambili noma ngama-trios; kwakungelona iqembu elihlangene kakhulu.
• Ukungenelela ezenzweni zakho ezihlangene kanye nokuba khona "komcimbi wokukhiqiza", obangela ukuhlangana kwamafa. Kuleli phuzu, intela yabasunguli bayo kuLuis de Góngora kanye nomcimbi we- "Sin Sombrero" yimicimbi emibili ebaluleke kakhulu weqembu.
• Ubukhona bomholi okhombekayo (umhlahlandlela).
• Akukho zibopho noma ukuqhubeka nesizukulwane esilandelayo. Mayelana nalokhu, izifundiswa zibheka ukuthi amanye amalungu ayo - ngokwesibonelo, uMiguel Hernández - ayengamalungu eSizukulwane sonyaka ka -36. Ulayini kaFranco.
• Ulimi oluvamile (isitayela esifanayo).

Izici zezinkondlo zesizukulwane sama-27

Uthembisene umshado

Izimbongi zesizukulwane sika-'27 zaziphawuleka ngokuzinikela kwazo kwezenhlalo nakwezepolitiki . Ngakho-ke, zazingebona ababhali abashukunyiswa nje injabulo yokuqamba izingoma, njengoba izingoma zabo zazinenhloso yokuxhumana yokusola kwezenhlalo. Ngakho-ke, izinkondlo—njengezinye izinkulumo zobuciko zale nhlangano—zaba yindlela yokuziveza nokubhikisha.

Lo mkhuba uvela ekushintsheni kweSpain phakathi nengxenye yesibili yawo-1920 eya emphakathini othuthukayo onamalungelo amakhulu. Ngakho-ke, abalobi besizukulwane sika-'27 babonakalisa lo mkhuba wezwe elizimisele kakhulu ukuzibandakanya nomhlaba . Isibonelo sezinkondlo ezihilelekile emphakathini yinkondlo ethi "For Whom I Write" ebhalwe nguVicente Aleixandre ; isiqeshana:

"Ngibhalela labo abangangifundeli. Lowo wesifazane ngubani

Yehla ngomgwaqo sengathi ngizovula iminyango

entathakusa.

Noma lelo khehla elilele ebhentshini kuleso sikwele

intombazane encane, ngenkathi ukushona kwelanga nothando kumthatha,

ekuzungezile futhi ikushelela ngokucophelela kwizibani zayo ”.

Iyaqhubeka

Izimbongi zale nhlangano zazinombono oqhubekayo ngezincwadi nobuciko jikelele. Ngakho-ke, zazihlose ukuthuthukisa izinhlobo ezintsha zezincwadi ukuze zinikeze izincwadi umuzwa omusha . Kodwa-ke, lolu shintsho aluzange lufune ukuhlukana nesiko, ngoba injongo yabo kwakungekona ukwenqaba izinkondlo zaseSpain zamakhulu eminyaka adlule.

I-Avant-garde

Abalobi besizukulwane sika-'27 bafuna ukuhlanganisa izinhlobo zomculo zendabuko nezinhlobo zomculo ezisafufusa zangaleso sikhathi. Ngamanye amazwi, babengabaculi abasabela ngokumelene nokuhleleka okumisiwe, befuna ezinye izindlela zokuqonda nokuqonda umhlaba . Omunye wabantu abaphambili bezinkondlo ezithuthukayo kwakunguPedro Salinas.

Ngezansi kuncezu lwenkondlo ethi "Fe mía", ebhalwe nguSalinas:

"Angiyethembi i-rose

wephepha,

izikhathi eziningi ukuthi ngikwenze

mina ngezandla zami.

Angimethembi omunye

rose yangempela,

ndodakazi yelanga nesinongo,

umakoti womoya.

Okwakho engingakaze ngikwenze

kwakho ongakaze akwenze,

Ngiyakwethemba, round

umshwalense ongahleliwe ”.

Amanye ama-subgenres anamandla avelayo kuGeneration of 27

• Ukuqagula. Esinye sezibonelo ezaziwa kakhulu zezinkondlo ze-surrealist ezivela ku-Generation of 27 ukuqoqwa kwezinkondlo Mayelana nezingelosi (ukukhetha) (1929), nguRafael Alberti. Okulandelayo, ucezu lwenkondlo ethi "Los angeles colegiales":

“Akekho kithi owayeqonda lutho:

futhi kungani iminwe yethu yayenziwe ngoyinki waseChina

futhi ntambama kwavalwa imigoqo ukuvula izincwadi entathakusa.

Sazi kuphela ukuthi i-straight, uma ufuna, ingagobeka noma iphuke

nokuthi izinkanyezi ezizulazulayo izingane ezingazinaki izibalo ”.

• UbuDada
• Impressionism
• Ukuchazwa
• Ikusasa
• ICubism. Esinye sezibonelo ezaziwa kakhulu yi-calligram URose wokufa kushaywe nguFederico García Lorca lapho sinemininingwane.

Kuhlonishwe ifa leSpanish Golden Age

Ngaphandle kukaLuis de Góngora, amalungu enhlangano amukela izincwadi zakudala zikaQuevedo, uLope de Vega, noGarcilaso de la Vega. Ngokusekelwe kule mibhalo yasendulo, izimbongi zesizukulwane sika-'27 zakha izitayela ezintsha ngokuxuba leso siko nemibono ye-avant-garde yangaleso sikhathi.

Izinkondlo ezidumile

Cishe zonke izimbongi zesizukulwane sika-'27 zabonisa inhlonipho ejulile ngezinhlobo zomculo ezidumile . Phakathi kwalezi kwakukhona iRomancero kanye neCancionero yendabuko, kanye nemisebenzi kaGil Vicente noJuan de Encina. Isibonelo salokhu kuthambekela sibonakala encwadini kaGerardo Diego ethi "El romance del Duero" (The Ballad of the Duero); isiqeshana:

"Wena, Duero endala, uyamamatheka

phakathi kwezintshevu zakho zesiliva,

ukugaya ngezothando zakho

ukuvuna okungazuzi kahle ”.

Inkululeko yokudala

Izimbongi zesizukulwane sika-'27 zakha izingoma ngenkululeko ephelele ngokwezinga lokulinganisa kanye nesitayela. Ivesi elikhululekile lalivame kakhulu kubabhali benhlangano. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akuzange kubavimbele ekufinyeleleni ulimi olucwengekile (futhi oluhlotshisiwe). Ngokuvamile babesebenzisa izingathekiso ukuze banikeze amandla amakhulu emilayezo yabo kanye nemibono yabo engavamile.