Izincwadi zethu, ezigcina ePyrenees futhi kwesinye isikhathi ziba yi-surreal eCanary Islands, esuka eValencia iye e-Extremadura edlula eMancha egcwele izinganekwane nezindaba ezinkulu, isungula umhlaba wezinhlamvu ezingayeki ukuzivuselela. Ukuguquka. Lezi izincwadi ezinhle kakhulu zaseSpain emlandweni bayakuqinisekisa.
Izincwadi ezinhle kakhulu zaseSpain emlandweni
La Celestina, nguFernando de Rojas
Yize izinhlobo zokuqala zomsebenzi zafika ngesikhathi samaKhosi amaKhatholika, kwakungeke kuze kube sekhulwini leshumi nane lapho omunye wobuciko bemibhalo yethu uzofinyelela empumelelweni eyayizowubeka njengohlobo oluthile kukodwa, umbhalo kanye namasiko into. Iphathwe njenge- «umabhebhana", Celestine ilandisa ngendaba yabantu abasha ababili, uCalisto noMelibea, abahlanganiswe ubuqili besifebe esaziwa ngokuthi «Celestina». Umsebenzi wawuvinjelwe ngesikhathi sokuQulwa Kwamacala Ezihlubuki, waphinde wavela kamuva.
UZazarillo de Tormes
Yize usuku oluqondile lokushicilelwa lungaziwa, izinhlobo zakudala zenye ye- imisebenzi emikhulu yezincwadi zaseSpain usuku kusuka ku-1554. Isikhathi lapho i-protagonist, UZazarillo de Tormes, uphoqeleka ukuthi aphile kusukela ebuntwaneni obabuhlungu kuze kube ngumshado wakhe, edlula abalingiswa abanjengomuntu oyimpumputhe odumile amkhohlisayo phakathi nengxenye yendaba. Kuthathwa njengesiyingi sokungathembeki kwenkathi nobuzenzisi bomphakathi owonakaliswe abefundisi, uLazarillo de Tormes kwavinjelwa kwaze kwaba ngekhulu le-XNUMX yiNkantolo Yamacala Ezihlubuki aye wazama ngayo umbhali ongaziwa obhale lo mdlalo.
UDon Quixote de la Mancha, kaMiguel de Cervantes
Ishicilelwe ekuqaleni kuka-1605, uDon Quixote ubengashintsha unomphela hhayi inkambo ye- izincwadi eSpain, kodwa futhi nasemhlabeni jikelele. Indaba yesicukuthwane okufundwa kwayo ngokweqile kwamanoveli e-chivalric okwaholela ekudidekeni kwama-windmills aseLa Mancha nama-giants kwakungaphezu kwenoveli ye-burlesque, i-amalgam yezikhombo zesikhathi kanye nomlingiswa we-polyphonic, onemibono ehlukile yabaphikisi iguqule indlela yokulandisa nokubhekana namaqiniso. Akungabazeki, umsebenzi wendawo yonke wezingoma zethu.
Awufundanga yini «I-Quixote"?
UFortunata noJacinta, nguBenito Pérez Galdós
Kubhekwe ngabaningi njengo umsebenzi omuhle kakhulu waseGaldós, mhlawumbe futhi kuthonywe ngu I-Regent, eshicilelwe kungekudala ngaphambi komngane wakhe uLeopoldo Alas Clarín, UFortunata noJacinta ukhuluma ngabesifazane ababili. Eyokuqala, iFortunata, inokhahlo futhi iyidolobhana elincane, kanti uJacinta ubuthakathaka futhi uvela emndenini omuhle, izigxobo ezimbili ezibhekene ezigcina zihlangana ngenxa yesiphetho esibuhlungu. Umsebenzi wakhishwa ngo-1887 ngemuva kwalokho unyaka nohhafu wokudalwa nguGaldós, owafaka imizamo emikhulu yomsebenzi wakhe kulo msebenzi.
Ungathanda ukufunda UFortunata noJacinta?
Umhlanga nobumba, nguVicente Blasco Ibáñez
Ngo-1902, iSpain yadumala yodwa. Sasilahlekelwe yiCuba, isiphephelo sokugcina sombuso omkhulu owasiphoqa ukuthi sibheke ezweni lakithi, elinye lamagugu ashintshiwe namafa okungafunwa muntu. Ingxenye yomongo wale nkathi ichaza Umhlanga nodaka, kwaqala umsebenzi kaBlasco Ibáñez I-Albufera yaseValencia ebeka indaba yokuhlubuka phakathi komlingiswa omkhulu, uTonet, eya kuyisemkhulu noyise, abalimi ababili abathobekile, nendaba yakhe yothando noNeleta. Ingxenye eyinhloko ye- kwemvelo, ICañas y Barro yinoveli enamadayi wendabuko aqinile njengoba elutha.
Umndeni kaPascual Duarte, nguCamilo José Cela
La Izincwadi zaseSpain Kusivumele ukuthi sisondele eqinisweni lesikhathi ngasinye futhi abanye babephethe ukuhlanganisa zonke lezi ziqephu emsebenzini ofanayo. Lokhu kunjalo inoveli enhle kakhulu kaCamilo José Cela, eyanyatheliswa ngo-1942 nesithombe sendoda evela emaphandleni i-Extremadura kusukela ngo-1882 kuya ku-1937, isikhathi seSpain esinezinkinga zezepolitiki. Umucu wethempeli, ohlanganisa amathoni we imvelo, ubuqiniso kanye noveli yezenhlalo lokho kuchaze isikhathi esaqhuma eMpini Yombango yemiphumela emibi eSpain.
UNada, nguCarmen Laforet
U-Andrea ungowesifazane osemusha oya eBarcelona eyofunda ifilosofi nezincwadi. Isiqephu esisha lapho axoxwa khona phakathi kwezingxabano zangaphakathi zomndeni wakhe kanye nobudlelwano obuvela kulwazi lwakhe lwaseyunivesithi. Izwi lesikhathi njengoba lalinjalo isikhathi sangemva kwempi, Nada baba onqobe uhlelo lokuqala loMklomelo kaNadal kuvulwa iminyango emisha yezincwadi futhi, ikakhulukazi, kwabanye ababhali uLaforet abe yisibonelo sokulandelwa.
Amahora amahlanu noMario, kaMiguel Delibes
Ngemuva kokulahlekelwa ngumyeni wakhe, owesifazane uyawunakekela umzimba wakhe ebusuku. Etafuleni eliseceleni kombhede kunemibhalo evela eBhayibhelini edwetshelwe ngumyeni wakhe, okuyisikhuthazi esiholela ophikisanayo ukuba adumise umuntu oyedwa ongahlelekile lapho ezwakalisa khona izinkanuko nobunzima bempilo yakhe yonke. Isikhathi esisebenza ukufingqa indima yabesifazane baseSpain ngekhulu lama-XNUMX ngendlela ehlukile, ehlakaniphile ... ngakho-ke amaDelibes.
Amahora amahlanu noMario Kuyindida impela.
Inhliziyo imhlophe kangako, nguJavier Marías
«Bengingafuni ukwazi, kodwa ngifundile ukuthi enye yamantombazane, lapho yayingaseyona ingane futhi kungakabiphi ibuyile ohambweni lwayo lomshado, yangena endlini yangasese, yama phambi kwesibuko, yavula ihembe layo , akhumule ubhodisi wakhe afike afike enhliziyweni yakhe ngethiphu sesibhamu ... »
Lesi siqalo senganekwane yisibhamu sokuqala sinye se- imisebenzi emihle kakhulu yezincwadi zethu kanye nempumelelo yokuthengisa ngemuva kokushicilelwa kwayo ngo-1992. Inhliziyo imhlophe qwa, omagazini wakhe wakamuva owethulwe ngo-2017 ngesikhathi sokugubha iminyaka engama-25, utshela ngomlingisi osanda kushada osandulela i-honeymoon eHavana ebambe ongezansi eyodwa emshadweni wakhe.
Amasosha aseSalamina, kaJavier Cercas
Kuchazwe abaningi njengesibonelo se- iqembu (iqiniso + eqanjiwe), Amasosha aseSalami, eyanyatheliswa ngo-2001, yaphuma ku- Ukukhathazeka kukaCercas ngesosha elisindise uRafael Sánchez Mazas, umbhali weFalange yaseSpain nomngani kaFranco, owasinda ekudutshulweni kwabantu abaningi eBarcelona ngesikhathi sempi yombango yaseSpain. Inhlanganisela ephelele yenganekwane neqiniso okungukuthi, ngaphezu komzamo wokusondela empini enkulu yaseSpain yekhulu lama-XNUMX, igxile enjabulweni "yokubuyela" esikhathini sokuphelelwa yithemba.
Yiziphi izincwadi ezinhle kakhulu zaseSpain emlandweni wakho?