Incwadi ethi Ethics for Celia iyincwadi yefilosofi efinyeleleka kalula futhi ethembekile ebhalwe nguSolwazi Ana de Miguel . Ikhuluma ngesimo senhlalo sabesifazane nendawo abaye bavezwa kuyo, ngaphansi kokubuka kwabanye futhi abasabhekene nayo nanamuhla. Yanyatheliswa ngo-2021.
Ingabhekwa njengencwadi yabesifazane—umbhali ungumuntu olwela amalungelo abesifazane—nokho, ukuyibiza kanjalo kuphela kungaba ukwenza kube lula kakhulu. Kuyisithombe sanamuhla, ukubonakaliswa okufanele kakhulu ezikhathini zethu, okuthatha umcabango kanye nezizathu zokuthi kungani abesifazane besakwazi ukuphila ngokulingana okuphelele nabesilisa. Ubujwayelene nayo? Ake sithole.
Izimiso zokuziphatha zikaCelia
Izimiso zokuziphatha kanye nenkinga eyisisekelo
Kuyini ukuziphatha? I-Royal Spanish Academy (RAE) iyichaza ngezindlela eziningana, ichaza lo mqondo ngokuthi "isethi yezimiso zokuziphatha ezilawula ukuziphatha komuntu kunoma iyiphi indawo yokuphila," noma "njengegatsha lefilosofi elibhekene nobuhle kanye nesisekelo sezindinganiso zakho." Amagama ayisihluthulelo kungaba "ukuziphatha," "izindinganiso," kanye "nokuziphatha . "
Ukuziphatha kwamantombazane nabesifazane kuye kwaba ngaphansi kwemithetho yabanye , yamadoda nabesifazane abafika ngaphambi kwabo, kuhlanganise nabesifazane abafundiswa ngesikhathi sabo. Ubuzwe besilisa nabesifazane buqhutshekiswe ngabesilisa nabesifazane, futhi kulokhu, iningi lethu lingavuma. Sonke siyingxenye yesimiso, futhi lesi simiso, le ndlela yokufundisa nokugcina ubuqotho obuphoqelelwe, yilokho u-Ana de Miguel azama ukukudalula ukuze umphakathi, futhi, uqaphele inkinga eyisisekelo.
iqiniso elikabili
U-Ana de Miguel ukhuluma ngeqiniso eliphindwe kabili. Liyini iqiniso eliphindwe kabili? Kuwububili babafana namantombazane abahlukaniswe unomphela yimfundo yabo, izibopho zabo, amalungelo abo, isiphetho sabo kanye nokuxhumana nabantu . Isazi sefilosofi sigxila kakhulu kuleli qiniso, njengoba ukuxhumana nabantu kwamantombazane kuhluke ngokuphelele kokwabafana ngoba ngokomlando bebenezindima ezahlukene okufanele bazifeze.
Iveza indlela abesifazane abebelokhu bebhekwa ngayo ngeso labanye. Futhi bangobani laba abanye? Wonke umuntu, amadoda nabesifazane. Abesifazane benzelwe abanye. Ngaphansi kokubhekisiswa njalo , abesifazane bebengomama, abafazi, amadodakazi, odadewabo, abanakekeli, kanye nabaphathi bekhaya. Futhi u-Ana de Miguel ulahla leli qiniso kalula nangokucacile ngendlela efinyeleleka kalula. Ulibeka kumongo, alifake esikhathini samanje, bese ethi: "Bheka, nansi-ke, izinsalela zenkinga zisekhona; sizoshintsha lesi simo . "
Izwi lika-Ana de Miguel
U-Ana de Miguel ukhuluma ngamandla, ecabanga ngezindaba ebezilokhu zikhona, zixoxwa ngabanye abacabangi , futhi ubuyela empini ukuze asenze sonke siqaphele njengomphakathi futhi sithathe umthwalo wemfanelo ngengxenye yethu . Ngoba kuthinta wonke umuntu. Kuthinta abesifazane abahluphekayo futhi abaqhubekisela phambili, kanye nabesilisa abafaka isandla ngenkuthalo ekungalinganini ngokobulili noma, ngokuphambene nalokho, abakugcina ngokungakwenzi.
Le ncwadi ikhuluma ngokuntuleka kozwelo okukhona. Iyindatshana yomphakathi wonke ngoba ikhuluma namadoda angakaqapheli ukuthi kukhona okungahambi kahle ekulingana kobulili emphakathini mayelana nezindima zobulili. Ngaphandle kombono wobulili kanye nozwelo oludingekayo, kuzoba nzima kakhulu ukushintsha ibhalansi ukuze kufezwe ukulingana kwangempela. U-Ana de Miguel uthi izinga eliphindwe kabili liye lashintsha, ikakhulukazi emashumini eminyaka amuva nje, kodwa alikanyamalali.
Le ncwadi iphinde iphonsele inselelo abacabangi besiko lefilosofi, abakhi babo abaningi babo bekungamadoda. Kodwa ayilahleki ekucabangeni okungaqondakali; kunalokho, ichaza kahle umsuka wenkinga ukuze iphakamise ukuqwashisa . Ngaphezu kwalokho, ichaza kabanzi ngezici ezahlukene zokungabonakali kwabesifazane, ukuxoshwa kwabo empilweni yomphakathi, kanye nokululazwa kwabo njengezisulu zobudlova bocansi.
Iziphetho
Incwadi ethi Ethics for Celia iyincwadi ekhuluma ngezinkinga zokungalingani kwamadoda nabesifazane emlandweni , ithinta ngempumelelo futhi kalula udaba oluyisisekelo: ukuthi asilingani ngoba asikhuliswanga ngokulinganayo . Kwakulindeleke ukuthi abafana baphume emakhaya, babe ngabahlinzeki, babe namandla futhi babe ngabaholi, okwakudingeka bathuthukise ulaka lwabo. Amantombazane, ngakolunye uhlangothi, akhuliswa ukuze ahlale emakhaya, anakekele umndeni, futhi ahlakulele ubuntu obunokuthula nothando obuzowagcina kude nezimo eziyingozi.
Kodwa-ke, konke lokhu kungaguquka, futhi uMiguel ushaya iphuzu elifanele lapho ekhuluma ngozwela, ukuhlalisana nabantu, ukuziphatha, kanye nokulingana . Konke lokhu kungashintshwa; empeleni, ushintsho seluqalile kakade. Kodwa ukuze lolu shintsho lube oluhlala njalo, wonke umuntu kumele athathe isabelo sakhe somthwalo wemfanelo futhi ahlangane ekuxazululeni inkinga.
U-Ana de Miguel ukhetha uhlaka lokuziphatha ukuze abonise ngokusobala imiqondo eyimfihlakalo kakhulu yefilosofi , ngaleyo ndlela kube lula ukuqonda nokunikeza indlela yokushintsha. Uphinde akhethe igama elithi "Celia" njengesihloko somlobi u-Elena Fortún.
Amanye amanothi ngo-Ana de Miguel
U-Ana de Miguel wazalelwa eSantander ngo-1961. Wafunda iFilosofi eNyuvesi yaseSalamanca futhi ufundisa eRey Juan Carlos University eMadrid. Kule nyuvesi, ungusihlalo weFilosofi Yokuziphatha Nezepolitiki. Uphinde aqondise isifundo esithi "Umlando Wemibono Yabesifazane" eNyuvesi yaseComplutense yaseMadrid.
Lo mbhali ungumcwaningi ocwaningo lwakhe lugxile emithonjeni yabesifazane kanye neyamaMarxist . Phakathi kwezincwadi zakhe kunezihloko ezilandelayo: I-Sexual Neoliberalism: The Myth of Free Choice (2015), u-Alexandra Kollontai (2011), kanye ne -Marxism and Feminism in Alexandra Kollontai (1993).