Iyini inoveli ye-dystopian
Ekulandiseni, inoveli ye-dystopia noma i-dystopian ingenye enikeza imibono yekusasa eliphazamisayo. Lolu hlobo lwemibhalo, nakuba luqagela, luvame ukuba nezimpande ezijulile emaqinisweni ezenhlalo, ezombusazwe kanye nezobuchwepheshe ngesikhathi sawo, okwenza kube isibuko esiyisixwayiso mayelana nezingozi zezindlela ezithile zomuntu ezingaba ziqine ngokunganaki.
Izibonelo ezidumile zalolu hlobo lwenoveli zifaka phakathi i-1984 kaGeorge Orwell , i-Fahrenheit 451 kaRay Bradbury , i-Brave New World ka-Aldous Huxley , kanye, muva nje, i-The Hunger Games kaSuzanne Collins . Kulesi sihloko, sizokhuluma ngomqondo ojwayelekile wenoveli ye-dystopian, kanye nezici zayo, ukubaluleka kwayo komlando nokwanamuhla, kanye nezibonelo ezithile ezifanekiselayo.
Incazelo yenoveli ye-dystopian
Igama elithi "dystopia" liphambene nelithi "utopia," elichaza umphakathi ophelele nophelele. Ezincwadini, leli gama libhekisela emfanekisweni wezwe elizayo noma elihlukile lapho izimo zomphakathi, zezombusazwe, zemvelo, noma zobuchwepheshe ziye zashintsha zaba uhlobo olubi kakhulu lokucindezelwa, ukungalingani, noma ukulawula. Le misebenzi ihlelwe emiphakathini lapho ubushiqela, ukwehliswa kwabantu, kanye nokuqapha okuqhubekayo kubusa khona.
Izici eziyinhloko zamanoveli e-dystopian
Amanoveli e-Dystopian anezici eziningana eziwahlukanisa kwezinye izinhlobo zezincwadi. Phakathi kwalezi, ezibaluleke kakhulu yilezi ezilandelayo:
Ikusasa elifiphele
Lezi zindaba zivame ukwenzeka esikhathini esizayo esiseduze noma esikude , lapho isintu sibhekene nezinkinga ezinkulu ezivela ezinqumweni ezenziwe esikhathini samanje. Le misebenzi ihlola ukuthi uchungechunge lwezehlakalo zamanje lungaphenduka kanjani lube yizimo eziyinhlekelele.
ohulumeni abacindezelayo
Esinye sezici eziyinhloko zamanoveli amaningi e-dystopian ukuba khona kombuso wobushiqela osebenzisa ukulawula kanye nenkulumo-ze ukuze ulondoloze amandla awo. Le miphakathi ngokuvamile ayinawo amalungelo ayisisekelo abantu kanye nenkululeko yomuntu ngamunye.
Ukungalingani okwedlulele
Ama-Dystopia avame ukuveza ukwahlukana okukhulu phakathi kwabantu abaphezulu kanye nezigaba eziphansi, egcizelela izinkinga zokungabi nabulungisa kwezenhlalo nakwezomnotho.
ubuchwepheshe obungalawulwa
Ezincwadini eziningi ze-dystopian, ubuchwepheshe budlala indima ebalulekile, kungaba njengethuluzi lokulawula—njengokuqapha okukhulu—noma njengembangela yokuwa komphakathi. Isibonelo salokhu ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu okubangelwa ukusetshenziswa kabi kobuchwepheshe.
Ukumelana nokulwa
Nakuba izimo zingase zibe zicindezelayo, amanoveli e-dystopian cishe njalo ahlanganisa abalingiswa noma amaqembu alwela ukuphonsela inselelo uhlelo , okufanekisela ithemba nokuqina komuntu.
Ukugxekwa komphakathi
Lolu hlobo luvame ukufaka ukugxekwa okunamandla kwemikhuba yamanje , njengokuthenga ngokweqile, inkohlakalo yezepolitiki, ulwazi olungelona iqiniso, noma ukuwohloka kwemvelo.
Umsuka nomlando wenoveli ye-dystopian
Umqondo we-dystopia njengethuluzi lokubhala ungalandelwa emuva emisebenzini yekhulu le-19, kodwa waduma kakhulu ngekhulu lama-20 . Ngezansi, sethula umbono omfushane wokuvela kwalolu hlobo lobuciko.
izimpande zakuqala
Amanoveli afana neka -H.G. Wells ethi * The Time Machine * (1895) ahlola ikusasa elibi lapho ukuhlukana kwezigaba kuye kwaguqula khona isintu. Nakuba kungeyona i-dystopia kuphela, kwabeka isisekelo sohlobo lwezincwadi ezazizoshicilelwa kamuva.
I-Golden Age (1920-1950)
Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, kwavela imisebenzi ephawulekayo efana nethi We (1924) kaYevgeny Zamyatin. Kamuva, abanye ababhali balandela: UGeorge Orwell wabhala u-1984 (1949) , incwadi yakudala eyayixwayisa ngezingozi zobushiqela kanye nokuqapha okukhulu. U-Aldous Huxley, yena, washicilela iBrave New World (1932), i-dystopia lapho ukulawula kwenziwa khona ngenjabulo kanye nokuphathwa kwengqondo.
inkathi yesimanje
Kusukela engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu lama-20 kuqhubeke, amanoveli e-dystopian ahlukahluka ukuze abhekane nezinkinga ezifana nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Izibonelo zalokhu zifaka phakathi izihloko ezifana ne -The Road (2006) kaCormac McCarthy. Esinye isihloko esiphindaphindayo ukungalingani ngokobulili, into evezwe ngobuciko encwadini kaMargaret Atwood ethi The Handmaid's Tale (1985).
Ukufaneleka kwamanoveli e-dystopian
Amanoveli e-Dystopian abelokhu engaphezu nje kokuzijabulisa. Ukubaluleka kwawo kusekukwazini kwawo ukunikeza imibono ejulile yezenhlalo kanye nezixwayiso mayelana nekusasa elingenzeka. Ngezimo eziphindaphindwayo, lezi zindaba zivumela abafundi ukuthi bazindle ngezinkinga zamanje kanye nemiphumela yazo engaba khona.
Ukubonakaliswa kokukhathazeka kwesimanje
Amanoveli e-Dystopian avame ukuvela ngezikhathi zokungaqiniseki. Isibonelo, u-1984 wanyatheliswa ngemva kweMpi Yezwe II, lapho umhlaba wawunezibazi ezijulile ngenxa yobushiqela. Namuhla, lolu hlobo lukhuluma ngezinkinga ezifana nomphumela wokushisa komhlaba, ubuhlakani bokwenziwa, kanye nokungalingani kwesakhiwo. Umqulu owodwa obonisa lokhu kuthambekela yi- Klara and the Sun (2021) ebhalwe nguKazuo Ishigurō, owine umklomelo weNobel.
Izibonelo ezingokomfanekiso zamanoveli e-dystopian
Kuwo wonke umlando, amanoveli amaningi e-dystopian ashiye uphawu olungenakulibaleka ezincwadini nasemasikweni athandwayo. Lezi ezinye zezibonelo ezinhle kakhulu ezibhalwe kuze kube manje.
1984,George Orwell
Le noveli iveza umhlaba lapho umuntu owazi konke owaziwa ngokuthi "uBig Brother" eqapha izakhamuzi zawo ngokungaphezi. Endabeni, ukuphathwa kolwazi kuyithuluzi elibalulekile lombuso wobushiqela, okwenza lo mbhalo ube yi-manifesto enamandla yokuqapha umbuso kanye nokuguguleka kwenkululeko yomuntu ngamunye.
Umhlaba ojabulayo, Aldous Huxley
UHuxley wethula umphakathi lapho imizwa nezingxabano zicindezelwa khona ngezidakamizwa nokuzijabulisa. Le noveli iphakamisa imibuzo mayelana nezingozi zokubeka phambili induduzo kunenkululeko yangempela, nokuthi iyini intengo yangempela yokuvumelana.
Umlando Wencekukazi, Margaret Atwood
Esikhathini esizayo esiseduze, abesifazane bayathotshiswa futhi basetshenziswe njengabazalisi esimweni sobuNkulunkulu. U-Atwood ukhuluma ngezihloko zobulili, amandla, kanye nenkululeko.
Fahrenheit 451, Ray Bradbury
Lo msebenzi ubonisa umhlaba lapho izincwadi zivinjelwe khona. "Abacishi bomlilo," abantu abanegunya, banesibopho sokushisa yonke iminonjana yokuba khona kwazo. Ngokubanzi, umbhali ugxila ekuvinjelweni nasekubalulekeni kokucabanga okujulile, ikakhulukazi ngezikhathi zenhlekelele.
Imidlalo Yendlala, Suzanne Collins
Lokhu ngokungangabazeki kungenye yochungechunge oluphumelele kakhulu eminyakeni eyishumi edlule. Kulolu chungechunge lwabantu abadala abasebasha, umbuso wobushiqela uphoqa intsha ukuthi incintisane emcimbini ononya oboniswa kuthelevishini . Le noveli ihlanganisa ukuphawula komphakathi nezici zesenzo kanye nokusinda.
Ithuba elibuhlungu
Amanoveli e-Dystopian angaphezulu kakhulu kwezindaba zekusasa elimnyama. Angamathuluzi anamandla okuzindla ngemiphumela yamanje kanye nekusasa. Ngokubhekana nezindikimba zomhlaba wonke njengenkululeko, ubulungiswa, kanye nobuntu, lezi zindaba zidlula izinkathi namasiko , zihlala zibalulekile ngisho nasezweni elishintshayo. Ukufunda inoveli ye-dystopian, empeleni, kuyisimemo sokucabanga ukuthi kungaba yini futhi ubuze ukuthi kufanele kube yini.