Inganekwane kaSisyphus
I-The Myth of Sisyphus —noma i-Le Mythe de Sisyphe , isihloko sayo sokuqala sesiFulentshi—iyindatshana yefilosofi ebhalwe yintatheli, umbhali wezincwadi, kanye nomklomelo weNobel in Literature (1957) u-Albert Camus. Yanyatheliswa okokuqala ngo-Okthoba 1942 yi-Éditions Gallimard. Njenge- The Stranger kanye ne -The Plague , ingenye yemisebenzi emikhulu kaCamus futhi ibilokhu ixoxwa kaningi.
Zombili i-The Stranger kanye ne -The Myth of Sisyphus zavela ngosuku olufanayo, zembula emphakathini ithalente likaCamus lokubhala, ikhono lokuzindla ngemibono, kanye nokuzwela kokuziphatha. Umbhali wabhala nemidlalo, izindatshana, inganekwane, kanye nokubuyekezwa. Ngalezi zindlela, wahlola ukuceba nokungacaci kwesimo somuntu.
Umsuka wenganekwane kaSisyphus
Isihloko sendatshana kaCamus sivela—uma sisebenzisa umusho ophindaphindayo—insumansumane kaSisyphus, inkosi yamaGreki eyaziwa ngokuqamba amanga, ukukhohlisa, nokukhohlisa abantu bombuso wayo . Ngolunye usuku, wakhohlisa uThanatos, unkulunkulu wokufa, kwathi lapho efika ezweni labafileyo, wakhohlisa unkulunkulu iHayidese ukuze amvuselele futhi abuyisele ubusha bakhe nobuhle bakhe. Ngemva kokuguga, uSisyphus waphinde wafa.
Nokho, kwakungeyena uThanatos owayezomfuna, kodwa uHermes , unkulunkulu wamanga. Lo nkulunkulu wasebenzisa ithuba lokubonga kwale ndoda endala ukuze aphakamise isivumelwano. Wamyisa egqumeni futhi wathembisa ukuthi uma engacindezela itshe futhi alimise esiqongweni , wayezomenza umdlali we-Olimpiki . Indoda yavuma. Ngenxa yalokho, yachitha lonke iphakade icindezela idwala.
Amazwibela we Inganekwane kaSisyphus
Isijeziso saphezulu noma isingathekiso sefilosofi yezinto ezingenangqondo?
Lo msebenzi ka-Albert Camus uhlukaniswe izahluko ezine kanye nesithasiselo. Njengomuntu okholelwa kakhulu kwifilosofi yezinto ezingenangqondo, uCamus ubona uSisyphus njengomuntu oshisekayo olwa nokuthula okungenangqondo komhlaba. Ngakho-ke, umbhalo uveza isisekelo esithakazelisayo: uma impilo ingenanjongo, kungani ungatshali imali ekwenzeni lokho umuntu akuthandayo ngempela? Ngale ndlela, ubuwula bukaCamus abubhekwa kabi.
Eqinisweni, ifilosofi yakhe ibeka isisekelo sokusebenzisa ubuwula njengethuluzi lokuqinisa izindinganiso ezifana nenkululeko, ubumbano, kanye nokusekelana phakathi kwezakhamuzi. Ekuqaleni, isakhiwo somsebenzi sibonakala sididekile. Kodwa-ke, uCamus wembula kancane kancane izimiso zakhe, bese eveza inganekwane kaSisyphus futhi ehlanganisa izingathekiso zakhe ngayo.
Ukuqhathaniswa komuntu wanamuhla nenkosi yamaGreki
Inganekwane kaSisyphus iyisibonelo sesithombe seqhawe eliyisiwula: indoda enqotshwa yizinkanuko zayo futhi ihlale ingenandaba nencazelo ejulile yokuphila. Ekugcineni, ukuba khona akunancazelo ecacile, ngakho umuntu akufanele akhathazeke ngento engekho noma engeke ithinte impilo yakhe yansuku zonke.
Ngalo mqondo, iqhawe eliyisiwula lizinikela ekungaqedini lutho, ngenxa yesifiso elinaso ngokuphila nakho konke okukuqukethe, okuhlanganisa nokuhlangenwe nakho okubi. Uma kubonakala kuyindida, kungenxa yokuthi kunjalo. Ubuwula obuvezwe ku -The Myth of Sisyphus bubonisa ukuthi uyinkosi yekusasa lakhe , ngisho noma ebekezelela isijeziso saphezulu esivela konkulunkulu.
Isifaniso sokuzibulala
Incazelo ehambisana naleyo eyethulwe ngaphambilini ithi i-The Myth of Sisyphus ikhuluma ngokubaluleka kokuphila kanye nomzamo ongapheli noyize wesintu. Ngenxa yokuphila okungabalulekile kangaka, lapho okuwukuphela kwento enenani yilokho esikudalayo, umbhali ubuza: “Ingabe ikhona enye indlela yokuzibulala?”, ephinda esho lokho: “Kunenkinga eyodwa kuphela yefilosofi engathi sína: ukuzibulala.”
Mayelana nendoda engenangqondo
Ngokubanzi, lo mfanekiso ohlongozwe nguCamus, ambiza ngokuthi "indoda eyisiwula," uveza ukungavumelani kwendoda, ngisho noma ingaqondi umhlaba, ehlala ibhekana nalokhu kungaqondi . Mayelana nalokhu, umbhali uthi: "Isihlubuki asiwuphiki umlando omzungezile futhi sizama ukuziveza ngaphakathi kwawo. Kodwa sizithola siphambi kwawo njengoba umdwebi ezithola ephambi kweqiniso; siyawenqaba ngaphandle kokuwugwema. Ngisho nomzuzwana nje akawenzi ube yinto eqinisekile."
Ukuze achaze umqondo wakhe, uCamus uthi ukwamukela okungenangqondo kuyindlela eyodwa kuphela yokweqa ukholo okungenasizathu okufunwa yizinkolo kanye ne-existentialism uqobo. Ifilosofi yombhali, ngokwayo, ayikhuthazi ukuthula noma ukungabi nandaba; ngokuphambene nalokho. Ngokusho kukaCamus, uSisyphus uthola inkululeko lapho ekugcineni ekwazile ukuphakamisa idwala; leso sikhathi esifushane simsindisa esiphethweni sakhe sokuzibulala.
Sobre el autor
U-Albert Camus wazalwa ngoNovemba 7, 1913, eMondovi, manje eyiDréan, e-French Algeria. Waqala futhi waqeda imfundo yakhe yamabanga aphansi neyamabanga aphezulu ngenxa yesibonelelo semfundo sabantwana bezisulu zempi. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, othisha bakhe babeyithonya elikhulu ekufundeni kwakhe ifilosofi, ikakhulukazi lokho kukaNietzsche . Kamuva, waphothula iziqu zeFilosofi kanye nezincwadi.
Ithisisi yakhe yobudokotela yahlola ubudlelwano phakathi kwemicabango yasendulo yamaGreki nobuKristu, esebenzisa imibhalo kaPlotinus noSanta Augustine. UCamus waqala ukubhala esemncane kakhulu. Kamuva, wasebenza njengentatheli ye- Alger Républicain, lapho ashicilela khona izihloko eziningana ezihlaziya isimo samaSulumane esifundeni saseKabylie . Wayengummeli oqinile wobulungiswa bezenhlalo kanye nesigaba sabasebenzi.
Ezinye izincwadi zika-Albert Camus
Novelas
- UL'Étranger - The Stranger (1942);
- Isifo - Isifo (1947);
- La chute - Ukuwa (1956);
- La mort heureuse - Ukufa Happy (1971);
- Le premier homme - Indoda yokuqala (1995).
Indawo yaseshashalazini
- Caligula - Caligula (1944);
- Le malentendu — The misunderstanding (1944);
- I-Impromptu des philosophes - I-impromptu yezazi zefilosofi (1947);
- L'état de siège — Isimo sokuvinjezelwa (1948);
- Les justes - Abalungile (1950).
I-eseyi kanye nenganekwane
- I-Métaphysique chrétienne et Néoplatonism — I-metaphysics yobuKristu kanye ne-Neoplatonism (1935);
- I-Révolte dans les Asturies — Ukuvukela e-Asturias (1936);
- L'envers et l'endroit — I-reverse nelungile (1937);
- Noces - Imishado (1938);
- Les Quatre Commandements du journaliste free — Imiyalo emine yentatheli yamahhala (1939);
- Le mythe de Sisyphe - Inganekwane kaSisyphus (1942);
- Lettres à un ami alemand — Izincwadi eziya kumngane waseJalimane (1943-1944);
- Akuzona izisulu, noma i-bourreaux - Akuyona izisulu noma ababulali (1946);
- Ingabe i-Espagne? -Kungani eSpain? (1948);
- Le témoin de la liberté —Ubufakazi benkululeko (1948);
- L'Hommerévolté - Indoda eyisihlubuki (1951);
- Ugwadule Oluphilayo (1953);
- Actuelles I, Chroniques - Actuales I, IziKronike (1944-1948);
- Actuelles II, IziKronike - Actuales II, IziKronike (1948-1953);
- Actuelles III, Chroniques algériennes — Actuales III, Chronicles of Algeria (1939-1958).