Indlela yokuhlela incwadi

Ukwendlalela incwadi kuyisigaba esibalulekile ohlelweni lokushicilela. Imayelana nokuhlela okuqukethwe ukuze kukhangeke, kufundeke kalula, futhi kusebenze. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ushicilela umsebenzi wakho wokuqala noma usebenzisana nomshicileli, ukwakheka kwengcweti kungenza umehluko phakathi kwevolumu emaphakathi nolwazi lokufunda olukhumbulekayo lwezithameli zakho eziqondiwe.

Ngakho-ke, kule ndatshana Sizohlola isinyathelo ngesinyathelo indlela yokuhlela incwadi, kusukela ekulungiseleleni kokuqala kuya emininingwaneni eqondile kakhulu ezenza ivolumu ephrintiwe noma yedijithali igqame. Cabangela lokhu umhlahlandlela ophelele wabaqalayo, lapho sizokhuluma ngamathuluzi angcono kakhulu, amasu kanye Hacks lokho akunakushoda kuzikhali zakho zomklami wesakhiwo esincane.

Siyini isakhiwo sencwadi?

Isakhiwo Kuyinqubo yokuhlela nokuklama okuqukethwe kwencwadi ngefomethi echaziwe. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukukhetha amafonti, ukusetha amamajini, ukubeka izithombe, ukuhlukanisa izahluko, nokuqinisekisa ukuthi umbhalo ugeleza ngokuvumelana. Ukuhlelwa okuhle akugcini nje ngokwenza umsebenzi ukhange emehlweni, kodwa futhi kuthuthukisa ukufundeka kwawo kubafundi besikhathi esizayo.

Ngokwesibonelo, kunoveli, isakhiwo sidinga ukuzizwisa okunethezekile kokufunda, kuyilapho, encwadini yobuchwepheshe, lokhu kugxile ekugqamiseni izakhi ezifana namathebula, amagrafu nezigaba ezithile, ukuze abafundi bathole ulwazi olufanele kalula, futhi bafunde kumbhali yonke leyo miqondo edingekayo kubo.

Izinyathelo ngaphambi kwesakhiwo

Ngaphambi kokuvula noma iyiphi isoftware, kubalulekile ukucacisa ngezici ezithile zephrojekthi:

1. Qiniseka ukuthi ibhuku lakho lidlule ezandleni zomhleli kanye nomhleli wekhophi

Uma unethuba lokuqasha uchwepheshe emhlabeni wokushicilela, qiniseka ukuthi wenze inqubo efanele. Kwalokhu, Okokuqala udinga ukwazi ukuthi umhleli kanye nomhleli wekhophi benzani.Nokho, nakuba zingafani, ngesiSpanishi awekho amagama azihlukanisa ngokusobala. Ngobubanzi, lezi ezinye zezici zayo yomibili imisebenzi:

umhleli wangemuva

Endaweni yokushicilela, Umhleli uyingcweti enomthwalo wemfanelo wokubuyekeza, ukuthuthukisa kanye nokuphatha imibhalo ebhaliwe ukuze aqinisekise ikhwalithi yawo., ukuhambisana nokujwayela inhloso noma izethameli okuqondiwe kuzo. Indima yabo ihlanganisa izigaba ezihlukahlukene zenqubo yokushicilelwa, kusukela ekuhlolweni kokuqala kombhalo wesandla kuya ekulungiseni kwawo okokugcina okuphrintiwe noma ukusatshalaliswa kwedijithali. Phakathi kwemisebenzi yayo eyinhloko yilezi:

Ukuhlolwa kombhalo wesandla

Hlaziya futhi unqume ukuthi umbhalo ufaneleka yini ukushicilelwa, ngokuvumelana nezindinganiso zekhwalithi, imakethe nezethameli zomshicileli noma umbhali. Iphinde inikeze iziphakamiso zokuqala mayelana nokugxilwe kukho, isakhiwo noma izindikimba zethekisthi.

Ukusebenzisana nombhali

Sebenzisana eduze nombhali ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi izinguquko ziyayihlonipha inhloso yombhalo. Ngendlela efanayo, inikeza impendulo eyakhayo futhi iqondise umlobi ohlelweni lokubhala kabusha.

Ukujwayela izethameli eziqondiwe

Iqinisekisa ukuthi okuqukethwe kuyaqondakala futhi kuhambisana nezithameli ezihlosiwe. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ulungisa isitayela, ulimi nefomethi ngokuvumelana nohlobo noma okulindelwe yimakethe, ngenkathi kuxhunyanwa nabahleli bamakhophi, abadwebi besakhiwo, abaklami nabanye ochwepheshe abahililekile ekushicilelweni, beqondisa ukuthi izinsuku ezimisiwe ezimisiwe ziyafinyelelwa.

Ukungenelela ezindabeni noma emicabangweni

umhleli unamandla okuphakamisa izinguquko endabeni, abalingisi noma isakhiwo ematheksthini emibhalo, noma ngokunengqondo nokwethulwa emibhalweni yezobuchwepheshe.

isilungisi sesitayela

Ngokungafani nomhleli, I-copyeditor iyingcweti egxile ekubuyekezeni nasekuthuthukiseni umbhalo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ucacile, okungaguquki, okulungile ngokohlelo futhi efanele iphimbo nesitayela enjongweni noma izethameli eziqondiwe. Umsebenzi wabo udlula ukulungisa amaphutha esipelingi, njengoba futhi benakekela ikhwalithi yolimi nesitayela sombhalo, baqinisekise ukuthi ugeleza ngokwemvelo nangempumelelo. Phakathi kwemisebenzi yayo eyinhloko yilezi:

Ukulungisa uhlelo lolimi nesipelingi

Thola bese ulungisa amaphutha esipelingi, izimpawu zokuloba kanye nohlelo lolimi. Iphinde iqinisekise ukuthi imikhuba yolimi namazinga olimi ayahlonishwa.

Ukuhambisana nokubumbana okuthuthukisiwe

Hlola ukuthi imibono ixhumene ngokunengqondo, unakekele ukulungisa izinguquko phakathi kwezigaba nezigaba ukuze kube lula ukufunda.

Ukuthuthukisa isitayela nethoni

Guqula ulimi luvumelane nezithameli kanye nenjongo yombhalo. Lokhu kungaba okusemthethweni, kwezemfundo, kwezemibhalo, kwezentengiso noma okunye. Ngokunjalo, susa ukungadingeki, izigcwalisi kanye nezinkulumo ezingadingekile ukuze uzuze umbhalo omfushane nocacile.

Ukuvumelana kwamagama

Qinisekisa ukuthi amagama nemibono isetshenziswa ngokungaguquki, ikakhulukazi emibhalweni yobuchwepheshe noma ekhethekile.

Ukujwayela imihlahlandlela yokuhlela

Qinisekisa ukuthi umbhalo uhlangabezana nezindinganiso ezithile zesitayela zomshicileli, inkampani noma iphrojekthi, njengokusetshenziswa kosonhlamvukazi, izifinyezo, izinombolo, nezinye izakhi.

Ukubuyekezwa kwezici zolimi ezithuthukile

Lungisa ukusetshenziswa kwezikhathi, isivumelwano sohlelo kanye ne-syntax ukugwema ukungaqondakali. Iphinde ilungise izisho ezingafanele noma izifunda kuye ngokuthi izethameli eziqondiwe.

Ukulondolozwa kwesitayela sombhali

Hlonipha izwi nenhloso yombhali, ngokugwema ukwenza izinguquko ezingadingekile ezingase ziguqule ingqikithi yombhalo.

2. Qinisekisa ukuthi idatha yezomthetho isilungile

Incwadi Kungumkhiqizo othengiswayo, ngakho-ke kufanele ibe namarekhodi asekela ukuba semthethweni kobukhona nokusabalalisa kwayo. Kulokhu, sikhuluma ngenombolo ye-ISBN, idiphozithi esemthethweni—uma ifunwa uhulumeni wezwe lakini—, kanye nerekhodi ledatha yomuntu siqu yabahlanganyeli, njengegama lombhali noma ababhali, umhleli, umhleli wekhophi, umklami ikhava nabanye.

Amathuluzi adingekayo wesakhiwo

Namuhla, kunamathuluzi amaningi aklanyelwe ukwenza isakhiwo sibe lula, ikakhulukazi uma ungumuntu osanda kuzalwa. Ezinye ezidume kakhulu zihlanganisa:

Microsoft Word

Nakuba kubonakala kuncane kakhulu, Igama lingasetshenziswa kumaphrojekthi alula abonakalayo, ikakhulukazi uma uzishicilela incwadi ngaphandle kwezidingo eziningi zegraphic. Naphezu kwezinketho zayo eziningi, lezi cishe zinembile, okwenza uhlelo luphelele kulabo abasanda kungena emhlabeni wesakhiwo.

I-Adobe InDesign

Ingelinye lamathuluzi anamandla futhi asetshenziswa kakhulu embonini yokushicilela.. Inikeza ukulawula okuphelele phezu komklamo nesakhiwo sombhalo nezithombe.

Umshicileli Wokuhlangana

Ingenye eshibhile kune-InDesign, enezici ezifanayo kanye nesixhumi esibonakalayo esinembile.

i-scrivener

Ilungele ababhali, ngoba ihlanganisa ukubhala kanye nesakhiwo esiyisisekelo ngethuluzi elilodwa.

Ama-Canva noma amapulatifomu aku-inthanethi

Okwama-e-books noma izinto ezibonakalayo eziningi, Amathuluzi afana neCanva angaba usizo ekuklameni izembozo namakhasi angaphakathi.

Kindle Ukushicilela Okuqondile

Okokugcina, i-Kindle. Mhlawumbe, ngemva kweZwi, ingelinye lamathuluzi abaluleke kakhulu mayelana nokuhlelwa kwezincwadi ezizinyathelise ngokwazo. Le nkundla ethile inamathuluzi afana nezinsiza zokufometha umbhalo wesandla, Ikhava ethambile nekhava eqinile, iRoyalty kanye nokubala kwezindleko zokuphrinta, phakathi kokunye.

Indlela yokuhlela incwadi

1. Chaza ifomethi yencwadi

Ngemva kokuqinisekisa ukuthi umsebenzi wakho udlule ezandleni zomhleli kanye nomhleli wekhophi, yisikhathi sokuchaza ubukhulu bevolumu. Usayizi ovame kakhulu ngu-152,4 x 228,6, noma 6" x 9" amayintshi. Nokho, kunezinketho ezahlukene kuye ngezidingo zomsebenzi. Yilapho futhi unquma khona ukuthi ukushicilelwa kuzoba kudijithali noma kuphrintiwe. Lezi zinqumo zizoba nomthelela kumamajini, amafonti nezinye izici zobuchwepheshe.

2. Setha ikhasi

Amamajini

Setha amamajini afanelekile avumela isikhala esanele sokubopha futhi uvimbele umbhalo ukuthi usondele kakhulu emaphethelweni. Inketho engcono kakhulu yokufeza lo mphumela "ifomethi yezibuko". Imajini ejwayelekile ingaba:

• Ngaphakathi: 2.5cm;
• Ngaphandle: 2cm;
• Phezulu nangaphansi: 2 cm.

Ukopha

Ichaza i-indent yezigaba, ukugwema ukusebenzisa izikhala ezimbili phakathi kwazo. Ukuhlehlisa okujwayelekile kungaba ngu-0.5 cm.

Amakholomu

Ezincwadini zobuchwepheshe noma ezincwadini ezinokuqukethwe okuyinkimbinkimbi, ungakhetha ukuhlukanisa amakhasi abe amakholomu amabili. Lokhu kuvamile kumamanyuwali kanye nemibhalo yezemfundo.

Izinombolo

Kuleli qophelo lenqubo, izahluko kufanele zihlukaniswe kusetshenziswa inketho "yokuhlukana kwekhasi"., ukuze kuvinjelwe izinguquko ezenziwe esigabeni esisodwa ukuthi zingathinti lezi ezilandelayo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ku-Word cindezela izinkinobho ze-Ctrl Enter kukhompyutha yakho. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuyadingeka ukucacisa ukuthi izinombolo kufanele ziqale ngemva kwenkomba, ngakho-ke isembozo, ukuzinikela kanye nokuvuma akusebenzi.

Kufanele futhi uzame ukuthi amagama neziqalo zezahluko zihlala ngakwesokudla, emakhasini angajwayelekile. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma kunekhasi elingenalutho, kunconywa ukwenza elinye ikhasi futhi ufihle izinombolo.

Izinkomba, izihloko nemibhalo engezansi

Kunconywa ukuthi ungadali izinkomba ezenziwe ngesandla, kodwa kunalokho sebenzisa izinketho ezizenzakalelayo zezinsiza ezisungulwe ngaphambili izinkundla. Lezi zivame ukutholakala esigabeni esithi “Izikhombo”, esizokuyisa endaweni ethi “Uhlu Lokuphakathi”, ongayibuyekeza ngaso sonke isikhathi lapho wenza ushintsho esakhiweni somsebenzi, uqinisekisa ukuthi izihloko azishiywa ngaphandle. izinombolo eziyinqaba.

Ngendlela efanayo, engeza u-H1 no-H2 ezihlokweni nemibhalo engezansi. Uma kwenzeka udinga ukulungisa imininingwane esakhiweni, lokhu kuzosiza ithuluzi ukuthi lisungule i-oda futhi likubonise konke okuqukethwe.

Ukulungiswa

Uma ufuna umsebenzi wakho ubukeke ucocekile ngangokunokwenzeka, izigaba zakho kufanele zihlale ziqondaniswe ezingeni elifanayo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa inketho ethi "Bonisa konke", ebonisa uchungechunge lwamaphuzu nezici zezithombe eziphawula ukuhlukana kwamagama nezigaba, okuvumela ibhalansi phakathi kwezinhlamvu eziphezulu nezingaphansi. Kufanele futhi udlale ngezikhala zangaphakathi ukuze ugcine ukulinganisa. Kufanele ukwenze konke lokhu mathupha.

Ikhava

Ngenxa yokusungulwa kwefomethi kanye nezinombolo, kungenzeka ukuchaza kokubili ubukhulu bekhava kanye nobukhulu bomgogodla. Kulo mongo, Kunezinkundla ezingakusiza ukubala, kuye ngenani lamakhasi, yiziphi izilinganiso ezifanele zebhuku lakho. Phakathi kwazo, futhi, kukhona iCanva neKindle.

Ezinye izincomo zokugcina

Khetha isitayela esibukwayo

Cabanga ngezethameli kanye nesihloko sencwadi. Inoveli yothando ingase idinge ukuthayipha okuhle, okuthambile, kuyilapho imanuwali yezobuchwepheshe idinga umklamo ohlanzekile, osebenza kakhudlwana.

Khetha amafonti

Umzimba wombhalo

Sebenzisa ifonti ye-serif —njenge-Times New Roman noma i-Garamond—ukuze kube lula ukufunda ezincwadini eziphrintiwe.

Izihloko nemibhalo engezansi

Lapha ungazama ngamafonti esimanjemanje noma zokuhlobisa, kodwa njalo uqinisekisa ukuthi ziyafundeka.

Tamaño del texto

Usayizi ojwayelekile wombhalo womzimba uvamise ukuba phakathi 10 kanye 12 amaphuzu.

Gwema ukusetshenziswa kabi kwezitayela

Ungahlanganisi izitayela zefonti eziningi kakhulu encwadini eyodwa. Okufanelekile ukusebenzisa Umndeni wefonti eyodwa noma emibili onokuhlukahluka kwesisindo, njengokugqamile nokumalukeke.

Hlela okuqukethwe kwakho

Izahluko

Isahluko ngasinye kufanele siqale ekhasini elisha. Kubo, sebenzisa izihloko ezicacile nesitayela esihambisanayo esizibalayo.

Amaheda nama-footer

Faka nencwadi noma isihloko sesahluko ezihlokweni, futhi usebenzise onyaweni izinombolo.

Inkomba kanye nezigaba ezisizayo

Uma incwadi inenkomba, Qiniseka ukuthi izinombolo zifana namakhasi angempela. Okufanayo kuyasebenza nasezithasiselweni, izandulela kanye nama-bibliographies.

Faka izinto ezibonakalayo

Uma umsebenzi wakho uhlanganisa izithombe, amatafula noma amagrafu, landela lezi zincomo:

• Sebenzisa izithombe ezinokulungiswa okuphezulu (300 dpi) ukugwema pixelation;
• Qiniseka ukuthi izithombe ziqondile ngendlela efanele futhi ungaphazamisi ukuhamba kombhalo;
• Ezincwadini zobuchwepheshe, lebula ngokucacile amagrafu namathebula anezinombolo nezihloko.

Hlola futhi ubuyekeze umklamo

Ngaphambi kokuqeda, Kubalulekile ukubukeza zonke izici zesakhiwo:

Ukufundeka

Ingabe umbhalo ufunda ngokunethezeka? Ingabe kukhona umehluko owanele phakathi kombhalo nengemuva?

Isimo

Ingabe amamajini, izitayela zombhalo, nesikhala kuyahambisana kuyo yonke incwadi?

Khipha ifayela lokugcina

Ifomethi okhipha ngayo ibhuku lakho izoncika endaweni eliya kuyo:

• Okokuphrinta: thekelisa njenge-PDF yekhwalithi yokuphrinta, futhi ihlanganisa izimpawu ezidingekayo kanye nokopha;
• Okwe-e-books: Guqulela kumafomethi afana ne-EPUB noma i-MOBI, ezihambisana neziningi abafundi be-e.

Ukubaluleka kwenqubo yesakhiwo

Ukubeka incwadi kungase kubonakale kusabisa ekuqaleni, kodwa ngamathuluzi afanele nokuhlela okuhle, Kungumsebenzi ongafinyeleleka kunoma yimuphi umbhali noma umhleli. Isakhiwo esenziwe kahle asithuthukisi nje kuphela ukwethulwa kokuqukethwe, kodwa futhi sinomthelela ekufundeni okujabulisayo. Thatha isikhathi sakho, ubuyekeze yonke imininingwane futhi ukhumbule ukuthi isihluthulelo sempumelelo ukungaguquguquki kanye nekhwalithi. Inhlanhla ngephrojekthi yakho!