UFederico GarcĂa Lorca ungomunye wababhali ababaluleke kakhulu ezincwadini zaseSpain . Ikhwalithi yomsebenzi wakhe kanye nokufa kwakhe esemncane kudala ukucabanga okukhulu phakathi kwabafundi abanelukuluku, izazi, kanye nososayensi bezilimi. Yini abengayenza ukube wayengabulawanga eneminyaka engu-38? Izinkondlo zakhe nemidlalo yakhe kube yisisekelo ekwakheni nasekuthuthukiseni izincwadi zaseSpain futhi kushiye uphawu oluhlala njalo, njengoba nje abantu ababaluleke kakhulu ezincwadini zaseSpain benza emakhulwini eminyaka ngaphambili.
Okuhlaba umxhwele kakhulu ngomsebenzi wakhe yizifanekiso zakhe kanye nobuningi bezithombe: amanzi, igazi, inyanga, izilwane ezifana nehhashi nenkunzi, abesifazane, kanye nomsebenzi wezolimo . Izincwadi zakhe zigcwele izimpawu ezithuthukisa ukuqonda komfundi futhi zenze izincwadi zakhe zibe ezinye zezincwadi ezinhle kakhulu zekhulu lama-20. Sizobuyekeza umsebenzi wakhe obaluleke kakhulu, ohlanganisa izinkondlo nemidlalo yakhe.
Umsebenzi wezinkondlo
Cante jondo poem (1921)
Iqoqo lezingoma zezinkondlo, okuhlanganisa i-"Ballad of the Three Rivers" kanye ne-"Poem of the Soleá." Lo msebenzi uhlose ukuchaza ngobunkondlo ingqikithi kanye nobuntu babantu base-Andalusia kusukela ezimpandeni zabo zasendulo . Lezi zimpande zibuhlungu kakhulu, zasemakhaya, futhi azicacile. Izinkondlo zihlola izingqikithi ezifana nokufa nokuphila, uthando, ubuhlungu, nokudabuka okukhulu. Njenge-cante jondo yase-Andalusia, iyathinta inhliziyo futhi inobudlova.
I-Gypsy Ballads (1928)
Le qoqo liqukethe ama-ballad ayishumi nesishiyagalombili amisa uLorca njengomunye wezimbongi ezinkulu emlandweni wezincwadi zaseSpain. ULorca uyakwenza futhi. Ngalezi zingoma, uphinde aveze umongo we-Andalusia, ubunzima nokuhlupheka kwayo, amasiko ayo kanye nokukhandleka nokusetshenziswa kabi komhlaba, kanye nohlobo lwe-Andalusia yasemakhaya.
Ukwenza lokho ngolimi olungokomfanekiso kodwa oluphathekayo oluheha abafundi nezazi ngendlela engapheli , esebenzisa izinto ezifana nobusuku, inyanga, ukufa, izithombe zamanzi, ummese noma ihhashi, noma isiko lamaGypsy, zonke izingqikithi eziphindaphindayo emsebenzini wakhe. Esinye isici esiphawulekayo ukuhlanganiswa kukaLorca kobungcweti kwezinkondlo ezidumile neziphakeme.
Imbongi eNew York (1930)
Yanyatheliswa ngemva kokufa kwakhe, kodwa wabhala leli qoqo lezinkondlo phakathi kuka-1929 no-1930 ngemuva kwesikhathi sakhe eNew York . Kodwa-ke, *Imbongi eNew York* iyiqoqo eliyimfihlakalo kakhulu kunemisebenzi yakhe yangaphambilini; isitayela sayo siyimfihlakalo futhi sifihliwe, futhi ukulahleka kombhalo wokuqala kuvimbela ukutadisha izilimi.
Izindikimba ezivela embhalweni empeleni ziyimbongi kanye nedolobha elikhulu ; yisiphi isibonelo esingcono kuneNew York ngasekupheleni kwawo-20? Kodwa-ke, ukufika kuleli dolobha elikhulu, uphawu lwesimanje kanye nobungxowankulu, kwabangela uLorca ingxabano eyamholela ekubhaleni lo msebenzi, owagcina usuyisikhalo sokulwa nokungabi nabulungisa kanye nokwehliswa kwabantu.
UTamarit Divan (1936)
Izingoma zenkondlo ezinesihloko esithi ama-qasida nama -gacela ziyisikhumbuzo sezinkondlo zesi-Arabhu saseGranada. ULorca uhlukanisa umsebenzi ube yizinkondlo zothando (ama- gacela ) kanye nokufa ( ama-qasida ). Zonke lezi zinkondlo zibonisa isici sobuhle besi-Arabhu , kanye nazo zonke izinto zaso. Lezi zingcezu ziqukethe izingathekiso kanye nezinga elisha lobuciko emsebenzini kaLorca.
Izingoma Zothando Olumnyama (1936)
Leli qoqo lama-sonnet labhalwa eminyakeni yakhe yokugcina futhi lanyatheliswa ngemva kokufa kwakhe. Izinkondlo eziningi azizange zishicilelwe kwaze kwaba yilapho kufika intando yeningi eSpain. Phakathi kwama-sonnet, umuntu uthola intshisekelo enkulu, uthando, kanye nesifiso sobulili; yize ngendlela eyesabekayo noma emnyama , ekhombisa ubunzima bukaLorca ngobulili bakhe ngaleso sikhathi.
dlala
Umshado Wegazi (1933)
Kuyinhlekelele eyenzeka ezindabeni nasezindabeni ezikhulunywa ngazo endaweni yasemakhaya. Isekelwe endabeni eyiqiniso uLorca ayeyazi futhi wanquma ukuyiqopha kulo msebenzi ogcwele izinkondlo ezidumile. Abathandi ababili babaleka ngobusuku bangaphambi komshado wowesifazane nenye indoda. Lezi zinto zanele ukudala ingoma enhle egcwele ukulangazelela inkululeko, uthando, nokufa . Inyanga iyisisekelo ku -Blood Wedding , ibonakala njengofakazi ekubonakalisweni komuntu okuhle nokubulalayo.
I-Barren (1934)
UYerma ungenye inhlekelele enesihloko esiyinhloko sokuba ngumama . ULorca uhlola emsebenzini wakhe wokudala indima eyisisekelo yabesifazane njengesisekelo somndeni, izingane zabo, kanye nabakhi bobuntu babo kanye neziphetho zabo. Ukungakwazi ukuba nezingane nokubakhulisa emshadweni wakhe kuphawula ngokufa isiphetho somlingiswa oyinhloko, okungenzeka ukuthi uyinyumba futhi ungenalutho ngenxa yokungazali kwakhe.
Indlu kaBernarda Alba (1936)
I-House of Bernarda Alba iphetha umjikelezo wemidlalo yasemakhaya eyaqalwa futhi yaqhubeka yi -Blood Wedding kanye ne-Yerma . Ayizange iqale ukuboniswa kwaze kwaba ngu-1945 eBuenos Aires, ngemuva kokushona kombhali. Lo mdlalo uveza yonke ingcindezelo kanye nenhlekelele engenakugwenywa yendawo yasemakhaya kanye neyasemakhaya uLorca ayevame ukuyiveza emisebenzini yakhe yedrama . Lokhu yilokho okwaziwa ngokuthi " iSpain ejulile ," isici esimnyama kakhulu, sendabuko kakhulu, nesinganyakazi kakhulu somlingiswa waseSpain. Konke lokhu kufakwe endabeni kaBernarda namadodakazi akhe amahlanu amancane; ngemuva kokuba ngumfelokazi, owesifazane unquma ukugcina yonke indlu ilila iminyaka eyisishiyagalombili . ULorca uphinde afake isitayela sakhe sokuhamba phambili kanye nesitayela esisha, okuholela emsebenzini ophambili noyingqayizivele.
Amanothi ahlobene ku-GarcĂa Lorca
UFederico GarcĂa Lorca wazalwa ngo-1898 eFuente Vaqueros (eGranada) emndenini ophakathi nendawo . Wafunda iFilosofi kanye nezincwadi kanye noMthetho eNyuvesi yaseGranada futhi ngokushesha wathonywa ubungane obuhlukahlukene bobuhlakani. Waya emibuthanweni yabaculi e-El Rinconcillo, futhi ngemva kokuhamba kulo lonke elaseSpain, evakashela amadolobha ahlukene futhi ehamba emigwaqweni ehlukahlukene, wahlala eMadrid. Lapho waba umngane noSalvador DalĂ noLuis Buñuel, phakathi kwabanye abafundi, ahlangana nabo eResidencia de Estudiantes (Indawo Yokuhlala Yabafundi ).
Ngemva kohambo oluya eNew York, eqhutshwa yilukuluku lakhe lobuhlakani kanye nesifiso sokuletha amasiko kubantu baseSpain, uLorca wasungula iLa Barraca, inkampani yeshashalazi yaseyunivesithi ehambahambayo. Ekugcineni, ngemva kokubuya e-Argentina, uLorca wabulawa ngo-1936 ngenxa yemibono yakhe ethuthukayo, njengoba ayesendaweni eyayiphethwe yizihlubuki ekuqaleni kweMpi Yombango yaseSpain.
UFederico GarcĂa Lorca uyimbongi yaseSpain efundwa kakhulu, futhi umsebenzi wakhe wenkondlo nowedrama uphakathi kwezincwadi ezinethonya kakhulu zekhulu lama-20, uma kungenjalo ezithonya kakhulu . Wayengowesizukulwane sika-'27. Nakuba isitayela sakhe ekuqaleni sasingesesimanje, kamuva sashintsha saba yi-avant-garde, kodwa ngaso sonke isikhathi sasinombono wendabuko angazange awulahle ngokuphelele. Isibonelo, imidlalo yakhe iyizinhlekelele ezigxile kakhulu emasikweni asemakhaya kanye nedrama yasemakhaya.