Imisebenzi kaCharles Dickens
UCharles Dickens wayengumbhali waseBrithani. Kuze kube namuhla, ubhekwa abagxeki abaningi njengombhali wezincwadi omkhulu wenkathi yama-Victorian. Lokhu kuhumusha ekuhlobaneni abalingisi bayo abaqanjiwe abakutholile esikweni elidumile phakathi neminyaka edlule. Ezinye izibonelo zalokhu ngu-Oliver Twist, David Copperfield, Charles Darnay, Philip Pirrip, Miss Havisham kanye no-Ebenezer Scrooge.
Uma ukweqa, khona-ke, kuyifa lokugcina le-Literature ephakeme kakhulu, khona-ke UCharles Dickens, ngisho nangemva kokufa kwakhe, ubelokhu engumuntu ongafi. Umsebenzi wakhe, ohlanganiswe phakathi kwe-Romanticism kanye ne-realism yemibhalo, usuthuthile, wafundisa, wenza izizukulwane ezimbalwa zibonise futhi zithole uthando phakathi namakhulu amathathu eminyaka adlule ngezihloko ezinjengokuthi Umlando wemizi emibili y Amathemba amakhulu.
I-biography emfushane
UCharles John Huffam Dickens owazalwa ngoFebhuwari 7, 1812, eGads Hill Place, eLandport, United Kingdom. Evela emndenini osezingeni eliphakathi, uDickens akazange ayithole imfundo ehlelekile waze waba neminyaka eyisishiyagalolunye. Leli qiniso liyinto abagxeki bakhe abaningi abaye bamhlambalaza ngayo, abathi ukuqeqeshwa kwakhe "ukuzifundisa ngokweqile."
Umlobi wafunda iSiko eWilliam Gile School. Ngalesi sikhathi wabonisa uthando oluthile lokufunda, futhi wachitha isikhathi esiningi ejabulela amanoveli e-picaresque, njenge Izigigaba zikaRoderick Random y I-Adventures ye-Peregrine Pickle, nguTobias Smollett. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wafunda ngokulangazela Tom Jones, nguHenry Fielding, owaba umbhali wakhe oyintandokazi.
Ngokufanayo, wayevame ukufunda imisebenzi ye-adventure, njenge Robinson Crusoe y Don Quixote de la Mancha. Ngokwesinye isandla, ukuhlala kukayise kanye nengxenye yomndeni wakhe ejele laseMarshalsea wamphoqa, eneminyaka eyishumi nambili, ukusebenza amahora ayishumi ngosuku efekthri ye-Warren's boot blacking, imboni yokupholisha izicathulo. Lokho okuhlangenwe nakho kwakuyophawula isizinda sezenhlalo samanoveli akhe.
Yonke imisebenzi kaCharles Dickens
Novelas
- Amaphepha e-Pickwick Club Posthumous (1836 -1837);
- Oliver Twist (1837-1839);
- Nicholas Nickleby (1838 -1839);
- Isitolo sakudala (1840 -1841);
- I-Barnaby rudge (1841);
- UMartin Chuzzlewit (1843 -1844);
- U-Dombey omncane (1846-1848);
- UDavid Copperfield (1849 -1850);
- Indlu eyincithakalo (1852 -1853);
- Izikhathi ezinzima (1854);
- UDorrit omncane (1855 -1857);
- Umlando wemizi emibili (1859);
- Amathemba amakhulu (1860 -1861);
- Umngane wethu ovamile (1864 -1865);
- Imfihlakalo ka-Edwin Drood (1870 - akuphelile).
Izindaba
- "I-Carol Christmas" (1843);
- "Izinsimbi" (1844);
- "Ikhilikithi Yasekhaya" (1845);
- "Impi yokuphila" (1846);
- "Abathakathi" (1848);
- "Amadoda Angesabi" (1853);
- "Indlu yokuqasha" (1858);
- "Isiginali" (1866).
Amazwibela emisebenzi ephawuleka kakhulu kaCharles Dickens
Oliver Twist (1838)
Inoveli ilandisa ngezigigaba zika-Oliver Twist, umfana oyintandane okhuliswe endaweni kaNkk. Mann.. Njengezinye izingane ezihlala ekhaya lezintandane, umlingiswa oyinhloko ulambile ngaso sonke isikhathi, ngakho, kanye nabafundi afunda nabo, uhlela umdlalo wokucela ukudla okwengeziwe. U-Oliver kuvela ukuthi uqokelwe lo msebenzi, kodwa ngokwenza kanjalo, abaphathi bendawo bamakwe njengomuntu ohluphayo.
Ngakho, UMnu. Bumble unquma ukunikeza umfana njengomfundi emsebenzini kunoma ubani okwenzeka ngaleso sikhathi. Ngale ndlela u-Oliver ugcina esebenzela umngcwabi i-Sowerberry. Kodwa-ke, ngesinye isikhathi unempi enkulu nomqashi wakhe futhi kwenzeka kuye ukubalekela eLondon. Ukungavumelani okuningi kubalindile edolobheni, kodwa futhi isimanga sokugcina esishintsha isiphetho sabo unomphela.
UDavid Copperfield (1850)
Lona mhlawumbe umsebenzi we-autobiographical ka-Dickens kakhulu., ngoba kulo izenzakalo zobuntwana bakhe obumpofu kanye nezigigaba zomlobi osemusha wesikhathi esizayo ukuze akhuthazelele ukuphila okunzima kubonakala - nakuba, njengenjwayelo, ngesiphetho esihle. Le noveli ilandela indaba kaDavid Copperfield, iziqalo zakhe kusukela ebuntwaneni kuya ekuvuthweni, kusukela enhliziyweni engaqondiswanga kuya kwenengqondo kakhudlwana.
Le ncwadi izulazula kuzo zonke izigaba zikaDavide nabalingiswa abahamba naye, kanye nendlela yobungcweti ye-protagonist, kusukela ebuntwaneni bakhe obugcwele ukuhlukunyezwa kuze kube yilapho esemdala njengomlobi ophumelelayo. Lezi zifundo zifundwa ngochungechunge lobudlelwane obungalibaleki nabalingiswa., njengesikhohlakali u-Uriah Heep kanye noMnu. Micawber othandekayo.
Okulindelwe okukhulu (1861)
Iyinoveli yamahlaya amnyama nokufunda, futhi, ngesikhathi esifanayo, omunye wemisebenzi edume kakhulu kaDickens. Lena indaba kaPip, intandane enesifiso sokuvuka emphakathini ngenxa yomsizi ongaqondakali.. Umdlalo uhlola isifiso sengcebo nesimo, kanye nezifundo zokuthobeka nokwethembeka umlingiswa oyinhloko azifunda endleleni.
U-Dickens unikeza isithombe esijulile sezifiso zomuntu kanye nokungqubuzana kwenqubekelaphambili yomphakathi. Phakathi, kukhona uthando olungenakwenzeka olungase lube yiqiniso, ubungane balahlekelwa futhi baphinde babuyiselwa, amathuba esibili kanye nokubaluleka kokulandela indlela ehlukile kuleyo ebekwe abanye.
ICarol KaKhisimusi (1843)
Yinoveli emfushane esebenzisa izinsiza ezifana nemizekeliso ukuxoxa indaba yayo. Ezahlukweni ezinhlanu ezibizwa ngokuthi "izitanza", ilandisa ngezigameko ezithile eziyinqaba ezenzeke ku-Ebenezer Scrooge, usomabhizinisi okhohlakele, ohlangabezana nenguquko ngemva kokuhanjelwa imimoya kaKhisimusi edlule, yamanje neyesikhathi esizayo.
Umsebenzi uyinganekwane ekhuluma ngokuhlenga nokubaluleka kokuphana, futhi isiphenduke into yakudala engaphelelwa yisikhathi yenkathi kaKhisimusi. Namuhla kuyaziwa ukuthi uDickens wayecabangani ngesigaba sonxiwankulu, nokuthi wayevame ukusihleka usulu emisebenzini yakhe. Kodwa-ke, ngalo mlingiswa oyinhloko, ukubeka kucace ukuthi ngisho nonxiwankulu abanobugovu bayakwazi ukuguquka.
Inganekwane Yamadolobha Amabili (1859)
Yahlala eLondon naseParis ngesikhathi seNguquko yaseFrance, Le noveli ixoxa ngendaba kaCharles Darnay noSydney Carton, amadoda amabili afanayo ngokomzimba, kodwa anezimpilo ezihluke kakhulu, izindlela zazo eziphambana nesimo sesiphithiphithi sezombangazwe nezenhlalo. Umsebenzi uwukuzindla ngomhlatshelo, uthando kanye nemiphumela yengcindezelo.
Le noveli yaziwa kakhulu ngemigqa yayo yokuqala: “Kwakuyizikhathi ezinhle kakhulu, kwakuyizikhathi ezimbi kakhulu; iminyaka yokuhlakanipha, futhi kanjalo nobuhlanya; isikhathi sezinkolelo nokungakholwa; inkathi yokukhanya nobumnyama; intwasahlobo yethemba kanye nobusika bokuphelelwa ithemba.
“Sasinakho konke, kodwa sasingenalutho; Sahamba saqonda ezulwini saduka ngenye indlela. Ngamafuphi nje, leyo nkathi yayifana neyamanje kangangokuthi iziphathimandla zethu eziphawuleka kakhulu ziphikelela ngokuthi, kokubili mayelana nokuhle nokubi, kuphela ukuqhathanisa okuphezulu okwamukelekayo.
