Incwadi ethi The Fall of the House of Usher ingenye yemisebenzi ka- Edgar Allan Poe edumile kakhulu , futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngizithola ngibuyela ku-master of horror waseBostonia. Kulesi sihloko, ngiphinda ngibuke ingxenye yeminye yemisebenzi yaseyunivesithi okwakudingeka ngisebenze kanzima kuyo kudala. Kulokhu, iyisiqephu esivela endabeni ende kakhulu mayelana nophawu kanye nokuhlaziywa kwengqondo kwalo msebenzi. Enye nje ilukuluku kanye nomnikelo omncane ekutadisheni i-Poe enkulu.
Isiqubulo
Kumuntu wokuqala , umlandisi ulandisa ngokuvakashela kwakhe umngane wakhe wasendulo, uRoderick Usher , umnikazi wendlu enkulu engavamile. Lo mlisa uyagula futhi umcela ukuba eze azomkhuthaza. Uhlala nodadewabo, uLady Madeline , naye ogula kakhulu , okumenza adabuke kakhulu.
Umlandisi uchitha isikhathi nomngane wakhe, bexoxa, befunda, futhi belalele umculo. Kodwa ngolunye usuku uLady Madeline uyafa , noma okungenani kubonakala kunjalo. Bamshiya ebhokisini ekamelweni elingaphansi endlini.
Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke, uRoderick Usher kancane kancane ulahlekelwa yingqondo futhi uya egula kakhulu kuze kube yilapho ngobunye ubusuku obunesiphepho eba nokukhathazeka okukhulu, ekholelwa ukuthi uzwa imisindo kuyo yonke indlu. Ukuze amthulise, umlandisi uqala ukufunda incwadi aze naye ezwe le misindo, njengokukhala nokukhala. URoderick Usher, manje osephambukile engqondweni, uqaphela ukuthi uLady Madeline ungcwatshwe ephila , futhi yilapho ebonakala kubo , isenzakalo esiholela ekufeni komfowabo . Ebhekene nalokhu kanye nokuwa kwendlu okuseduze, umlandisi uyabaleka, eshiya amanxiwa , ecwila echibini eliseduze.
Indlu ka-Usher
Indlu idlala indima ebalulekile , njengoba ithonya layo kubalingiswa, kanye nokuphikisanayo, liyisinqumo esibalulekile. Okubaluleke ngokulinganayo amandla amabi angaphansi kwaleli thonya, okuholela ekufeni kwabalingiswa ababili kanye nokubhujiswa kwesakhiwo. La mandla abonakala ngokushesha ekuqaleni kwendaba lapho umlandisi echaza ukufika kwakhe kanye nosizi nokudabuka akuzwayo lapho ebona indlu enkulu.
Vele, lo mbono wokuqala ufanekisela ukufa, ngoba lapho ebona indlu nendawo ezungezile, njengechibi nezihlahla ezibunile, angakubona njengento ethile ekupheleni kokumelana kwayo nesikhathi, njengabakhileyo kuyo , ama-Usher amabili okugcina. NguLady Madeline, ongcwatshwe ephila ngaphambi kwesikhathi sakhe, obangela ukubhujiswa kwendlu, nangaphambi kwesikhathi sayo, kanye nokufa komfowabo, ukuze konke kucwile echibini, njengoba nje indaba iphela.
Kodwa-ke, okubumba ngempela lezi zinto—abalingiswa, izimo, kanye nezimo—ukwandiswa kwesimo sengqondo sikaPoe . Lokhu kungabonakala ekufanekiseni ezinye zazo, njengendlu . Indlu, ngenxa yomsebenzi wayo njengendawo yokuhlala, ihlotshaniswa nomzimba womuntu kanye nomcabango.
Ngakho-ke, i -facade yayizomelela ubuso , imaski lapho ubuntu bomuntu bulele khona. Izitezi ezahlukene zingaba izimpawu zokuma kanye nendawo . Uphahla kanye nesitezi esiphezulu kwakuzohambisana nekhanda nomcabango , okungukuthi, nemisebenzi yokuqaphela nokuqondisa. Ngokuphambene nalokho, i -basement noma i-cellar yayizomelela ukungazi kanye nemizwa . Izitebhisi zaziyoba yindlela yokuxhumanisa izindiza ezahlukene ze-psychic , futhi incazelo yazo eyisisekelo yayizoncika ekutheni ibukwa ngombono okhuphukayo noma owehlayo.
Okusobala ukuthi kukhona ukulingana phakathi kwendlu nomzimba womuntu, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezivulekile . Ubufakazi balokhu busemazwini omlandisi lapho ephambi kwendlu enkulu ka-Usher, echaza amafasitela amnyama awabonayo "njengamehlo amnyama ebusweni obungenalutho ."
Okufanayo kusebenza echibini noma emanxiweni. Ichibi lingaveza lokho okufihliwe nokuyimfihlakalo . Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubuso bamanzi alo bungafanekisela isibuko , isithombe seqiniso, iqiniso elicwila kulawo manzi afanayo, lishiye amanxiwa kuphela. Lingaphinde libonise leyo mizwa noma okuhlangenwe nakho okuphilayo okungasenalo uxhumano olubalulekile kodwa okuqhubeka nokuba khona naphezu kokungasebenzi noma umsebenzi maqondana nokuphila noma ukucabanga.
Abazalwane baka-Usher
Ngokuphathelene nabalingiswa kanye nesikhundla sombhali njengomlandisi, akangeneleli ngokungenasiphetho endabeni noma esiphethweni sabalingiswa abaphambili. Kubonakala sengathi uPoe ulahle ubunzima bakhe ngokubonakalisa, noma kunalokho, kuRoderick noMadeline, ikakhulukazi kwabakuqala.
Uzihlukanise kabili ngokoqobo , kanti enye ingxenye ihlale ngaphandle, ingumqapheli. Ukugula kukaRoderick kanye nesifo sengqondo esibi kungokukaPoe , okungavela, kukhululwe, futhi kungabe kusaba umthwalo kumbhali, ngenxa yakhe noma ngamehlo akhe.
ULady Madeline wayezobonisa ubuthakathaka bomoya wakhe. Wayezoba futhi yisimo sikanina , ebonakala futhi enyamalala emigwaqweni yendlu, engqondweni kaPoe, ezama ukubuyela ekuphileni, kodwa ehluleka. Zonke izinguquko ejubaneni lendaba zazizoncika kuLady Madeline noma ekufuneni unina olahlekile.
Isazi se-psychoanalyst Poe
Kodwa kukhona futhi umzamo wokuphunyuka , ukusindiswa ekubhujisweni nasekufeni, njengoba umlandisi ebonisa ekugcineni. Ngaleyo ngxenye yakhe enengqondo, ecabangayo, neqondayo eyayibona ngaphandle ibonakala yenqaba isiphetho lapho iqiniso liya khona. Lokhu kubonisa umugqa omncane owahlukanisa ingqondo nobuhlanya empilweni kaPoe , umugqa owagcina usuliwe umlutha wakhe wotshwala.
Kungashiwo futhi ukuthi uPoe wayephakathi kwabokuqala ukuzama uphenyo lwendlela yokusebenza kwengqondo engazi lutho . INdlu ka-Usher, enamakamelo ayo amnyama, ukwakheka okuyinkimbinkimbi, kanye noqhekeko phakathi nendawo yayo, ibilokhu ibhekwa njengemodeli yangaphambi kukaFreudian yaleyo ngqondo engazi lutho.
Lapho indlela yokuhlaziya ingqondo isetshenziswa emsebenzini kaPoe ezikhathini zanamuhla, kwakunethemba lokuthi izonciphisa ikhwalithi yokubhala yezindaba zakhe. Kodwa-ke, abagxeki abaqhubeka nokufunda umsebenzi wakhe bambheka njengophayona kwezobuhle, umcwaningi wengqondo yomuntu, kanye nochwepheshe wezincwadi.
Kunoma ikuphi, okusobala ukuthi izindaba zabo zihlala zikhunjulwa njengesibonelo sokufuna imfihlakalo kanye nokulindela ukwesaba okwenziwa ngabantu.
Ingxenye yemibhalo esetshenzisiwe ngaleso sikhathi:
- E. Cirlot, Isichazamazwi Sezimpawu, Ezabasebenzi, Barcelona, ​​1988.
- I-Norton Anthology Yezincwadi ZaseMelika, ENew York, ngo-1989.
- Inkondlo Engaziwa, i-anthology yemibhalo ebalekayo eyenziwe yi-EA Poe, Izincwadi Zemizi Yamadolobha, iSan Francisco, 1980.