Izincwadi, kuwo wonke umlando, zinikeze amaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo, njenganoma yisiphi esinye isihloko. Namuhla, ku-Literature News, sizobukeza ezinye zalezi zindaba ezincane zezincwadi ongase ungazazi.
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Umehluko phakathi kohlobo lokuveza imibhalo nobulili
Izinkondlo ezikhuluma ngengoma zivame ukudidaniswa nevesi, kanti indaba exoxwayo neprozi. Kuyiqiniso ukuthi izinhlobo zengoma zivame ukubhalwa ngengoma, njengoba nje sihlobanisa indaba neprozi ngoba kuyindlela yazo evamile yokuziveza. Kodwa-ke, kumelwe sikhumbule ukuthi izinkondlo ezidumile ziyindaba exoxwayo ngengoma ngoba zilandisa indaba, nokuthi kukhona nomsebenzi wezinkondlo noma iprozi ekhuluma ngengoma , lapho umbhali eveza khona imizwa yakhe.
Iprozi enesigqi, egcwele isigqi futhi egcwele imithombo yolwazi yemibhalo, isondelene kakhulu nevesi lamahhala, yize inkulumo ingahlukanisiwe ngamavesi.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, inkundla yemidlalo yaseshashalazini nayo ingabhalwa ngevesi noma ngephrozi, ngokuya ngokuthanda kombhali noma imfashini nokuthanda kwangesikhathi.
Zivelaphi ezinye izinhlobo zamavesi?
I- hendecasyllable uhlobo lwevesi oluvela e-Italy olwafakwa ezilinganisweni zeSpanishi ngekhulu le-16 ngenxa yomsebenzi wababhali abafana noGarcilaso de la Vega noBoscán. Laba babhali ababili babenesibopho sokwethula izitanza ezifana ne- lira kanye ne- octava yangempela ezinkondlweni zaseSpain.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i -alexandrine kanye ne- dodecasyllable , yizindima zesikhathi esiphakathi ezayeka kancane kancane ukusetshenziswa, kwaze kwaba sesikhathini se-Modernist, lapho zazisetshenziswa khona ekuhlolweni kwezinkondlo.
I-sonnet, inkondlo yesiNtaliyane, yafakwa eSpain ngokuqinisekile ngenxa yabalandeli bababhali abashiwo ngenhla. Kodwa-ke, ngekhulu le-15, uMarquis waseSantillana wayesevele ezama ukuyivumelanisa neSpanishi saseCastilian nge- Sonetos fechos al itálico modo (Ama-Sonnet Abhalwe Ngesitayela SaseNtaliyane ).
Ukuzalwa kwinoveli yanamuhla
ESpain, amanoveli okuqala esimanje abeka izindinganiso zalolu hlobo yiLazarillo de Tormes, umsebenzi ongaziwa kusukela ngekhulu le-XNUMX, kanye noDon Quixote, obhalwe nguMiguel de Cervantes ngekhulu le-XNUMX. Le misebenzi emibili ihlukaniswe namanoveli adlule ngokuba ngokoqobo kwezindaba zabo, ukujula kwabalingiswa, namasu okulandisa asetshenzisiwe.
Umsuka wegama «inoveli»
Igama elithi "inoveli" livela egameni lesiNtaliyane elithi "novella ," elalibhekisela endabeni emfushane. ESpain, ekuqaleni lalinale ncazelo, eyashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ukuze ichaze izindaba ezinde neziyinkimbinkimbi, okuyincazelo elinayo namuhla.
Luyini udonga lwesine?
Ngokwesisho semidlalo yaseshashalazini, udonga lwesine lubhekisela ekuhlukaniseni phakathi komdlalo kanye nezilaleli, ikakhulukazi udonga olungekho esiteji obeluzovumela izibukeli ukuthi zibone okwenzekayo esiteji. Lolu donga olucatshangwayo alugcini nje ngokumisa umngcele ongokoqobo phakathi kwabadlali nezilaleli kodwa futhi luyindlela yokubhala: luhlukanisa iqiniso nendaba eqanjiwe evezwayo. Eminye imidlalo yesimanje iphula udonga lwesine; abadlali bangakhuluma noma baxhumane nezilaleli, futhi izilaleli zingafinyelela ngisho nasesiteji.
Ukuzalwa komshini wokuphrinta nobudlelwano bawo ne-Humanism
UbuHumanism baqala e- Italy njengenhlangano yobuhlakani futhi basakazeka kulo lonke elaseYurophu phakathi nekhulu le-15 nele-16. AmaHumanism avuselela isiko lakudala laseGrisi nelaseRoma futhi akhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwezilimi zomdabu zamazwe ahlukene.
Ukusungulwa komshini wokunyathelisa cishe ngo-1450 nguJohannes Gutenberg waseJalimane kwaba negalelo elikhulu ekusabalaleni kwemibono emisha. Abanikazi bemishini yokunyathelisa babevame ukuba ngabantu abasekela izindinganiso zobuntu, abaguqula ama-workshop abo aba yizikole zangempela lapho kwakuxoxwa khona ngemibhalo yakudala futhi kwakushintshaniswa imibono nemibono.
ESpain, umuntu obaluleke kakhulu othanda abantu ngekhulu le-15 kwakungu-Elio Antonio de Nebrija, umbhali wencwadi ethi Castilian Grammar.
Ucabangani ngale datha ehlobene nezincwadi? Uma unentshisekelo, sazise futhi sizokunikeza imininingwane ethe xaxa efana nalena namuhla.