Njengakuwo wonke amakwindla, indaba yezincwadi igcwele ukuqagela ngokuthi ngubani ozowina uMklomelo weNobel kuLiterature. I-Swedish Academy ayishicileli uhlu olusemthethweni lwabantu abazongenela ukhetho , futhi izingxoxo zayo zihlala ziyimfihlo, ngakho cishe konke okusakazwa kulezi zinsuku kuyikuqagela nje. Noma kunjalo, usuku selubekiwe: ophumelele uzomenyezelwa ngo- Okthoba 8 ngo-13:00 PM Isikhathi sase-Spanish Peninsular , okungu-08:00 AM eChile. Amathemba ayakhula ngoba umklomelo ohlonishwa kakhulu ezincwadini zomhlaba uphinde ubeka izibikezelo esivivinyweni.
ESpain naseYurophu, ukunaka kuhlukaniswe phakathi kwamagama ajwayelekile kanye nethuba lokuthi umklomelo ungase uphinde ukhulume nombhali wolimi lwesiSpanishi. Kusukela kuMario Vargas Llosa ngo-2010, akekho umbhali wolimi lwesiSpanishi owutholile , futhi kusukela kuCamilo José Cela ngo-1989, akekho umbhali owazalelwa eSpain owuwinile. Ngakho-ke, lapho kukhulunywa ngabantu abanjengo- Enrique Vila-Matas noma uCristina Rivera Garza , intshisekelo ayiyona nje eyokubhala: kukhona nomuzwa othile wesikweletu somlando. Ababhali bezincwadi, abathengisi bezincwadi, kanye nabagxeki basakaza uhlu oluhlukene, okungekho nolulodwa olungaqinisekisa noma yini.
Ichibi lebhola elingenalo uhlu olusemthethweni
Umklomelo weNobel kuzincwadi cishe umklomelo omkhulu ongalindelekile emhlabeni. Amajaji ayo awalandeli ngempela umbono weningi , futhi amaminithi ahlala evaliwe amashumi eminyaka, ngakho-ke noma yikuphi ukubikezela kunephutha ngokwemvelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Academy ayiqinisekisi ukuthi obani abazongenela ukhetho, okushiya abezindaba nababhuki beqagela ngamagama avela unyaka nonyaka. Ukuze uqonde kangcono inqubo, kunamaqiniso amaningana athakazelisayo kanye nezidingo zokuwina uMklomelo weNobel kuzincwadi.
Kulo mdlalo, ababhuki banikeza izibikezelo ezihluke kakhulu. ULadbrokes ubeka uCan Xue noHaruki Murakami phezulu , kuyilapho uCoinbase noKalshi benombhali waseNdiya u-Amitav Ghosh njengoyintandokazi, kulandele u-Anne Carson, uCésar Aira, noMargaret Atwood. Amanye amapulatifomu afana ne-Oddspedia ne-OLBG agcizelela uCan Xue, uMurakami, uThomas Pynchon, uGerald Murnane, uCristina Rivera Garza, u-Enrique Vila-Matas, uMircea Cărtărescu, noMichel Houellebecq. Isiphetho sicacile: akekho umuntu oyedwa noma umuntu oyedwa othandwayo.
Kukhona futhi izinkulumo zokushintsha okungenzeka kobulili. Kusukela ngo-2018, lo mklomelo ushintshisane phakathi kwabesifazane nabesilisa: u-Olga Tokarczuk, uPeter Handke, uLouise Glück, u-Abdulrazak Gurnah, u-Annie Ernaux, uJon Fosse, uHan Kang, noLászló Krasznahorkai . Lo mthetho ongabhalwanga uvuselela umbono wokuthi kulo nyaka ungaya kumbhali wesifazane, yize kungewona umthetho osemthethweni noma isiqinisekiso. I-Academy yenqabe noma yimuphi umyalo onqunyiwe ngezinye izikhathi.
Amagama akhulunywa kakhulu
Phakathi kwamagama avame ukukhulunywa ngawo, uCan Xue cishe uhlala evele ohlwini. Lo mbhali waseShayina ozifundise yena ngokwakhe wakhe umsebenzi omangalisayo ophawulwa ubuntwana bakhe ekamu lokufukuzwa ngesikhathi sokuhlushwa kukaMao. Izihloko ezifana ne- Underworld, The Other Side, kanye ne-Red Leaves zimenze waba ngumncintiswano ophindaphindayo. Ngo-2024, wayebhekwa njengomuntu othanda ukuqokwa, kodwa uHan Kang wagcina enqobile; ngo-2025, igama lakhe laphinde lavela, nakuba lingavamile; kwathi ngo-2026, wabuyela eqenjini lezintandokazi.
UHaruki Murakami ungumuntu okhethwayo ohlala njalo. Ukuthandwa kwakhe emhlabeni wonke kukhulu kakhulu , ngezincwadi ezifana neNorwegian Wood, Sputnik Sweetheart, Kafka on the Shore, kanye ne-1Q84, kodwa akakaze awine umklomelo weNobel. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kodumo nokumelana ne-academy kumgcina egijima. Eceleni kwakhe, u-Anne Carson usengomunye wabaphikisi abanamandla phakathi kwabagxeki nabathengisi bezincwadi, ikakhulukazi ngemisebenzi efana ne-The Beauty of the Husband kanye ne-Eros, Bitter and Sweet.
Amanye amagama agcwalisa isithombe. UThomas Pynchon umele inoveli yaseMelika eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi evivinywayo, enemisebenzi efana neGravity's Rainbow kanye ne-V. UMircea Cărtărescu uphinde waba ngumphikisi oqinile wezindaba zakhe ezifana nephupho nezimfihlakalo, enezihloko ezifana neSolenoid, Theodoros, kanye neMelancholia. UMargaret Atwood, uCésar Aira, uSalman Rushdie, uJohn Banville, uGay Talese, kanye noSamanta Schweblin nabo bavela ezibikezelweni ezahlukene, yize benamathuba ahlukahlukene. EYurophu, uCărtărescu waseRomania kanye noVila-Matas waseSpain bangamagama amabili akhulunywa kakhulu.
Isici saseSpain
Ulimi lwesiSpanishi lunabanqobi abayishumi abathole umklomelo weNobel kwezezincwadi: uJosé Echegaray, uJacinto Benavente, uGabriela Mistral, uJuan Ramón Jiménez, uMiguel Ángel Asturias, uPablo Neruda, uGabriel García Márquez, uCamilo José Cela, u-Octavio Paz, noMario Vargas Llosa . Owathola umklomelo muva nje kwakungumlobi wasePeru ngo-2010, ngokuhlola kwakhe izakhiwo zamandla. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, njalo ngo-Okthoba kuphakama umbuzo: iStockholm izowunikeza nini umklomelo kumbhali wolimi lwesiSpanishi futhi? ESpain, ukulinda kukude nakakhulu, njengoba uCela esengumbhali wokugcina ozelwe eSpain ukuthola umklomelo.
U-Enrique Vila-Matas ungomunye wamagama abonisa lokho kulindela. Usevele ohlwini iminyaka eminingi futhi unqume ukuthatha lolu daba ngokuhlekisa. Ukhumbula ukuthi esidlweni sakusihlwa eStockholm waze wacabanga ukuthi usevele uwinile, ukuthi wake wathola ucingo oluvela enhlanganweni yaseSweden, nokuthi owesifazane owayesejajini wamxwayisa ngehlaya mayelana nobumfihlo. "Akudingeki ukuthi uwine. Ungacabanga ukuthi usuwinile, futhi yilokho kuphela," esho. Umsebenzi wakhe, noBartleby & Co. kanye neCanon of the Camera Obscura, ususuke ekubeni yi-cult classic waya ekubeni yi-canonical ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa uhlobo lwawo olungahlukaniseki.
UCristina Rivera Garza uvela endaweni ehlukile. Umbhali waseMexico uwine umklomelo wePulitzer ka-2024 nge-*The Invincible Summer of Liliana* , ukwakhiwa kabusha kokubulawa kukadadewabo kwabesifazane, futhi uthuthukise umqondo wokubhala njengokulalela nokuphuca. Izincwadi zakhe zisebenza ngezingobo zomlando, ubufakazi, kanye namazwi abanye abantu ukuze zingenelele enkumbulweni ehlangene. Ukuqokwa kwakhe kuqinisa ukuba khona kweSpanishi futhi kuxhumanisa nesiko eliqonda izincwadi hhayi njengombhoshongo wezinyo lendlovu, kodwa njengengxenye esebenzayo yomhlaba.
Abanye ababhali baseLatin America nabo benza amagagasi. UCésar Aira uyintandokazi engapheli phakathi kwabanye abagxeki, enezincwadi ezimfushane ezingaphezu kwekhulu kanye nenkululeko esemthethweni ayichaze njengokuqamba okucatshangelwe kahle. USamanta Schweblin uvele endaweni yesehlakalo ngokuhlola okuphazamisayo komndeni, ubumama kanye nobuchwepheshe. Futhi izitolo zezincwadi zaseGalician zinegama elifana noManuel Rivas, uChus Pato, uLídia Jorge, noChantal Maillard, ngaphezu kwezincwadi zakudala ezifana noJoyce Carol Oates noMargaret Atwood.
Abawine imiklomelo yakamuva kanye nomlando wemiklomelo
Owine u-2025 kwakungu-Hungarian László Krasznahorkai , umbhali wencwadi ethi *Tango Satanico*, igama elalivele likhona ohlwini lwezibikezelo eziningi, nakuba lingelona elithandwayo ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ngaphambi kwakhe kwafika uHan Kang ngo-2024 noJon Fosse ngo-2023, izinketho ezimbili ezamangaza ingxenye enkulu yomphakathi. I-Academy ivame ukushintshana phakathi kwamagama adumile kanye nokukhetha okungalindelekile , okuchaza ukuthi kungani uhlu lokuqala luba nephutha kalula njalo ngonyaka.
Umlando wakamuva uhlanganisa noBob Dylan, owaba ngumculi wokuqala ukuthola uMklomelo weNobel kuLiterature ngokudala izinkulumo ezintsha zezinkondlo ngaphakathi kwesiko lezingoma zaseMelika. Icala lakhe labonisa ukuthi lo mklomelo ungabheka ngale kwenoveli nezinkondlo ezivamile. Ngaphambilini, ngo-1998, wawunqotshwe nguJosé Saramago, owasekela inkumbulo njengengxenye ebalulekile yobunikazi: "Siyinkumbulo esinayo; ngaphandle kwenkumbulo, besingeke sazi ukuthi singobani." UVargas Llosa, ngo-2010, usengumculi wakamuva weNobel ngesiSpanishi.
Lokho okushiwo abathengisi bezincwadi nochwepheshe
E-Galicia, izitolo zezincwadi ezimbalwa zenze ezazo izibikezelo. U-Anne Carson uyikhethelo eliphezulu le-Moito Conto, Versus, Follas Novas, kanye no-Librería Bandini , abagqamisa ikhono lakhe lokuhlanganisa izinkondlo, ama-eseyi, ukuhumusha, nezincwadi zasendulo. Baphinde babala u-Ali Smith, Can Xue, César Aira, Cristina Rivera Garza, Enrique Vila-Matas, Mircea Cărtărescu, Gueorgui Gospodínov, Chus Pato, Joyce Carol Oates, Margaret Atwood, Gerald Murnane, Maggie O'Farrell, Emmanuel Carrèrge Jontal, L. Uhlu luningi kangangokuthi luqinisekisa ukungabi khona kokuvumelana.
EChile, intatheli uViviana Encina usekela u-Anne Carson, uDiamela Eltit, uCan Xue, noCristina Rivera Garza, ephawula ukuthi izincwadi zolimi lwesiSpanishi azikaze zithole uMklomelo weNobel selokhu kwaba nguVargas Llosa. ULenka Carvallo uthanda uRivera Garza noMircea Cărtărescu. UGerardo Jara, wasesitolo sezincwadi saseLa Inquieta, unezela amagama anjengoCésar Aira, uNona Fernández, u-Eduardo Halfon, uChantal Maillard, uKim Thuy, uPascal Quignard, uMary Ruefle, kanye nembongi yaseSiriya u-Adonis. Ochwepheshe bavumelana ngento eyodwa: lo mklomelo ufuna umsebenzi oqinile, isitayela esihlukile, noma indlela ye-avant-garde , hhayi ngempela ethengiswa kakhulu.
Okungase kwenzeke ngo-Okthoba 8
Ngomhlaka-8 Okthoba, ngo-13:00 ntambama ngesikhathi se-peninsula yaseSpain, i-Swedish Academy izodalula umklomelo wayo weNobel. UCan Xue, uMurakami, u-Anne Carson, uCristina Rivera Garza, no-Enrique Vila-Matas baphakathi kwamagama avame ukukhulunywa ngawo, kodwa u-Amitav Ghosh, uCésar Aira, uMircea Cărtărescu, uMargaret Atwood, noThomas Pynchon nabo basemkhankasweni. Ukuqiniseka kuphela ukuthi azikho iziqiniseko: izingxoxo ziyimfihlo, uhlu olusemthethweni alushicilelwa, futhi izibikezelo zingashintsha nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. ISpanishi ibilokhu ilinde uMklomelo omusha weNobel kusukela ngo-2010 , kanye neSpain kusukela ngo-1989. Uma iStockholm inquma ukubheka olimini lwesiSpanishi futhi, uVila-Matas noRivera Garza bazoba ngamagama akhulunywa kakhulu ngawo. Uma ikhetha amanye amasiko, izibikezelo zizophinde zibe yiphutha. Okwamanje, izincwadi ziyaqhubeka nokudlala umdlalo wazo.