El Umklomelo Wabagxeki Iphinde yabeka iMorille, idolobha elincane eSalamanca, ebalazweni lezincwadi, okwenza kube, unyaka olandelayo, indawo eyinhloko yokugxekwa kwezincwadi. Kuhlelo lwayo lwama-70, lo mklomelo, ongenawo umklomelo wemali kodwa onesisindo esikhulu esingokomfanekiso phakathi kwababhali, abashicileli nabafundi, ugxile emisebenzini ehlola inkumbulo yomndeni, ubunzima bansuku zonke, kanye nezibopho zemizwa ezivela ezindaweni ezahlukene nezilimi.
La I-Spanish Association of Literary Critics Iqashelwe njengezincwadi ezinhle kakhulu ezanyatheliswa ngezihloko zika-2025 ngesiSpanishi, isiCatalan, isiGalician, isiBasque kanye nomsebenzi owodwa ngolimi lwakwamanye amazwe, okuqinisekisa ubizo oluhlukahlukene lomklomelo, olufana nolwase eminye imiklomelo yokulandisa kanye nezinkondlo.
Umklomelo oyingqayizivele kuzo zonke izilimi ezine ezisemthethweni futhi uvulekele abahlanganyeli bamazwe ngamazwe
El Umklomelo Wabagxeki Inokukhethekile okuyehlukanisa neminye imiklomelo yezincwadi zaseSpain: iyona kuphela enikezwa ngesikhathi esisodwa imisebenzi ebhalwe encwadini ethi izilimi ezine ezisemthethweni zoMbuso (iSpanishi, isiCatalan, isiGalician, nesiBasque) yijaji lochwepheshe nelizimele. Sekuyiminyaka eminingi, umklomelo othize wencwadi yolimi lwangaphandle nawo ufakiwe kulezi zigaba.
Ijaji, elakhiwe ngu Abagxeki bezincwadi abangu-21 abasebenza njalo emaphephandabeni, komagazini, ezithasiselweni zamasiko nakwezinye iziteshi zezindaba ezikhethekile, bahlangana edolobheni laseSalamanca Morel ukuxoxa ngasese izinsuku eziningana. Lo mhlangano uhlanganisa nemisebenzi yamasiko kumasipala, njengokuvakashela imibukiso noma imicimbi engokomfanekiso—isibonelo, ukwembulwa kwesithombe sembongi evela eSalamanca. UHannibal Nunez emgwaqweni obizwa ngegama lakhe.
Kulolu hlelo, ingqungquthela yabezindaba e- Isikhungo samasiko se-CEVMO Kwakuyindawo ekhethiwe yokumemezela abawinile, kanye nokuba khona kukamongameli we-Spanish Association of Literary Critics, UFernando Valls, imeya yaseMorille, UManuel Ambrosio Sánchez, kanye nePhini likaNgqongqoshe Wezenzo Zamasiko kuHulumeni Wesifunda saseCastile naseLeón, UMar Sancho, ngaphezu kwamalungu ejaji.
Le nhlangano igcizelela njalo ubuntu ezimele futhi eqinile Le miklomelo ihlonishwa kakhulu phakathi kwababhali nabafundi. Ukuphakanyiswa kuthunyelwa ngabashicileli njengengxenye yomkhankaso; esikhundleni salokho, ijaji likhetha futhi libukeze ngokujulile yonke indawo yokushicilela yonyaka.
Ama-Illusionists: Inkumbulo Yomndeni Nokuvuthwa Kokudala Endabeni YaseCastilian
Umlingiswa oyinhloko olimini lwesiSpanishi ube yiMadrileño UMarcos Giralt Torrente, unikezwe umklomelo esigabeni sokulandisa ngomsebenzi wakhe "Abakhohlisi"Ishicilelwe yi-Anagrama, le ncwadi ibhekwe yi-Spanish Association of Literary Critics njengesihloko sendaba esihle kakhulu esanyatheliswa ngesiSpanishi ngo-2025.
"Ama-Illusionists" anikezwa njenge-"The Illusionists". umsebenzi womlando womuntu siqu kanye nomndeni igxile kogogo nomkhulu bombhali abangonina: umbhali wenoveli odumile UGonzalo Torrente Ballester y UJosefina MalvidoNgabo, uGiralt Torrente wakha isithombe somndeni esiphawulwa yizifiso zokubhala, ukuzidela komuntu siqu, kanye nokungezwani okujulile okuqhubeka ezizukulwaneni eziningana.
Ijaji ligcizelele lokhu ukucaca okungavamile Kule noveli, umbhali uzindla ngendawo yonke yomndeni eyinkimbinkimbi, ehlanganisa izehlakalo zangempela nezinto eziqanjiwe endabeni yokuzihlolisisa nokungaguquki. Le noveli ayigcini nje ngokwakha kabusha umuthi womndeni kodwa futhi iveza izimpilo zezingane ezine zalo mbhangqwana, abantu abavaleleke endaweni ebumba indlela ababhekana ngayo namaqiniso.
Nge-"The Illusionists," uMarcos Giralt Torrente uhlanganisa umsebenzi osuvele udumile ngemiklomelo ehlonishwayo, njenge- Umklomelo Kazwelonke Wokulandisa "Isikhathi Sokuphila". Umbhali uphinde wabhala amanoveli anjengelithi "Paris" o "Izidalwa ezijabulayo"Amaqoqo ezindaba ezifana nethi "Shedding Skin" nezinye izincwadi zezikhumbuzo, ezichaza indlela ahamba ngayo emngceleni wenkumbulo nenganekwane.
Izinkondlo ngesiSpanishi: umbono wezenhlalo we-Every One Is Many People
Esigabeni sezinkondlo ngesiSpanishi, imbongi yaseCordoban inikezwe uMklomelo Wabagxeki. UPablo García Casado (Cordoba, 1972) ngencwadi yakhe "Ngamunye unabantu abaningi"Ishicilelwe nguVisor, lena yincwadi yakhe yesithupha yezinkondlo, umqulu owawusuvele uthole umklomelo. Umncintiswano Wezinkondlo Zedolobha LaseBurgos i-XLVIII futhi manje ethola ukwesekwa ngabagxeki abangochwepheshe.
Ijaji lazisa kakhulu inhloso yencwadi yokuthi ukunikeza izwi kubantu abavamile ezifakwe ezinkundleni zokuxhumana eziphawulwa ukungabi nathemba kanye nobunzima: umsebenzi, umndeni, ubudlelwano, izingane, kanye nokucindezeleka kokuphila kwansuku zonke. Kula makhasi, imbongi igxila kulabo abasekela impilo yansuku zonke, ngaphandle kwezenzo ezinkulu ezinkulu, kodwa abagcwele ukungaqiniseki okuqhubekayo.
Ngokomthetho, "Umuntu ngamunye ungabantu abaningi" basekela inkondlo yephroziifomethi evame ukulinganisa indaba encane kanye nochungechunge lwebhayisikobho. Inkantolo igcizelele ukuthi "Ukuphatha kahle ukungezwani" okuyinto uGarcía Casado ayenzayo ngemibhalo emifushane, egcwele iziphakamiso, ekwazi ukuthuthukisa izindaba eziphelele ngemisho embalwa kakhulu.
Incwadi, enesihloko sayo esithathwe evesini lika- UFernando PessoaIsebenza njengesithombe sekwaya lapho behlala khona ndawonye amazwi ahlukahlukene kanye nezimpilo zangempela nezicatshangelwe. Phakathi kwezikhombo zakhe kukhona izimbongi ezifana noPessoa, U-Antonio Machado o UJoan Margarit, indawo yonke yokulandisa URaymond Carveramafilimu afana ne-"To Kill a Mockingbird" noma "Paris, Texas" kanye nezingoma ezisukela ku-"To Kill a Mockingbird" Woody Guthrie a URocío JuradoZonke zinegalelo ekwakheni indawo yamasiko ebonwa ngumfundi wanamuhla.
Sekukonke, inkondlo "I-Genome" Ivelele njengengoma eyinhloko enikezelwe esimweni esibanzi sobubaba, esinye sezici eziyinhloko zevolumu. Umsebenzi ophelele uxhumene nezimbongi umbhali abelokhu ezithuthukisa kusukela ku-"Las afueras" (1997), "El mapa de América," "Dinero," iqoqo elithi "Fuera de campo," "García," kanye nelithi "La cámara te quiere," kanye nokungena kwakhe endabeni ngale noveli. "Umama womdlali webhola".
Izincwadi zesiCatalan, isiGalician nesiBasque: ukuhlukahluka kwamazwi, inkumbulo nendawo
Ngolimi lwesiCatalan, i-Critics' Prize iqaphele le noveli ekulandiseni. "Indandatho yeNibelung", of U-Amadeu FabregatIshicilelwe yiProa. Le ncwadi iphawula ukubuya kwezincwadi kusukela kumbhali ngemva kweminyaka engamashumi amane yokuthula, futhi ihlelwe njengomlando wokubuya kukaprofesa U-Ernest Millet, umlingiswa wayo oyinhloko. Ijaji liqokomise ulimi olungathathi hlangothi ngamabomu, olungenazo izimpawu zendawo noma ukwesekwa okungatheni, uFabregat asebenzisa ukwakha inoveli ejulile eqinisekisa indawo yayo efanele endaweni yokubhala yaseCatalan.
Ngolimi olufanayo, iMallorcan Sebastià Alzamora uwine umklomelo wezinkondlo ngenxa "Sala Augusta seguit de Llengua Materna" (Iphrowu). Yincwadi emi phezu kwe- "isifo esibikiwe ngamabomu" kanye nokuphambuka okusekelwe yikhono elimangalisayo lolimi lwezinkondlo. Ijaji likhulume ngohlobo oluthile i-psychogeography, lapho izindawo zenkumbulo zihlangana khona ukuze kudalwe ivolumu ebhekwa njengedingekayo njengoba ifika ngesikhathi esimweni samanje sezinkondlo zaseCatalan.
Ngolimi lwesiGalician, indaba ewine imiklomelo ibilokhu "Umjikijeli we-coitelus", of UFernando Castro ParedesIshicilelwe yi-Editorial Galaxia. Ichazwa yijaji njengencwadi ethokozisayo "emnandi futhi eqinile ngesikhathi esifanayo," le noveli inamazwi abalobi abafana no I-Pessoa, I-Faulkner o Eca de QueirozUkuhlanganisa ukungezwani kwezindaba nephrozi enamandla yezincwadi, umsebenzi uhamba ngaphakathi komkhakha wokungabaza ngaphandle kokulahla ukujula kwengqondo noma ukuhluzwa kwesitayela.
Ezinkondlweni zaseGalician, ophumelele ube ULorena Souto con «Exuvia e amathe»incwadi yezinkondlo eshicilelwe nguChan da Pólvora. Inkantolo igxile kuyo ukuvuthwa kwemibhalo kanye nekhono lombhali lokuhlala nokuchaza isimo sasemakhaya esishintsha njaloNgakho-ke le ncwadi izibeka endaweni lapho izinto zasendaweni nezomhlaba wonke zihlangana khona, ikhombisa ukuthi izinguquko zomnotho, ezenhlalo kanye nezamasiko zithinta kanjani impilo yasemakhaya.
Ngolimi lwesiBasque, uMklomelo Wabagxeki wezindaba unikezwe U-Eider Rodríguez ngencwadi yakhe yezindaba ezimfushane «Dena zulo bera zen» (okuhunyushwe ngeSpanishi ngokuthi "Kwakuyinto efanayo"). Umbhali uhlanganisa izindaba eziyisithupha lapho evula khona i- ukujula okungavamile ngokomzweloukukhanyisa imifantu eseduze yokuphila kwansuku zonke: imibhangqwana enkambisweni yoshintsho, ubungane obuqhekeka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izinkinga zempilo ezihlala buthule emizileni yabalingiswa.
Esigabeni sezinkondlo zolimi lwesiBasque, ophumelele kwaba U-Ane Zubeldia nencwadi yakhe "Kontra", eyanyatheliswa yiSusa, echazwe yijaji njenge- "Ukuphazamiseka okumangalisayo" ezinkondlweni zezingoma zaseBasque. Iqoqo lezinkondlo lithembele ekuhlolweni okusemthethweni kanye namandla amakhulu ezinzwa, okubeka umzimba njengesihloko nendawo lapho umuntu ebhala khona. Umzimba ngokwawo uba, njengoba ijaji ligcizelele, umsuka wolimi kanye nendawo yokungqubuzana nokumelana.
Umlimi kanye nokufa: inkumbulo kanye nokulila esigabeni solimi lwakwamanye amazwe
Isigaba se ulimi lwangaphandle Umklomelo Wabagxeki unikezwe kulo nyaka ku- "Umlimi Nokufa"ngumlobi waseBulgaria Georgy GospodinovLo msebenzi ushicilelwe eSpain yi- I-Impedimenta yokuhlela, ngenguqulo yesiSpanishi ngu UMaria Vutova, futhi nangesiCatalan ka-Edicions del Periscopi, enguqulweni ka UMarc Casals ("Umlimi nokufa").
Incwadi ibhekwa njengencwadi i-elegy kanye ne-memoir yomuntu siqu Kuyo, umlandisi, indodana yendoda eyayigula kakhulu, uhamba noyise ezinsukwini zakhe zokugcina. Le nqubo yokuvalelisa ivula indlela yezinkumbulo ezilandelayo: ubuntwana, okuhlangenwe nakho okwabiwe, izigcawu zomndeni eziphinde zivele njengoba usizi luqala.
"Umlimi Nokufa" nakho kuyisibonelo ku- ukulahlekelwa, inkumbulo, kanye nokusinda ngezizukulwane ezintsha. Ngolimi olusondelene, ngezinye izikhathi olunezingoma, olugcwele izithombe nokuqhathanisa, uGospodinov ukhuluma ngezici ezimnyama kakhulu zesimo somuntu ngaphandle kokulahla ukukhanya okuthile okudlula kulo lonke umsebenzi.
Umbhali, owazalelwa eYambol ngo-1968, ungomunye wamagama aqashelwa kakhulu ezincwadini zanamuhla zaseBulgaria. Ushicilele izinkondlo, izindaba ezimfushane, imidlalo, izindatshana, ama-screenplay namanoveliIzincwadi zakhe zihunyushelwe ezilimini eziningi. NgesiSpanishi, ngaphezu kwethi "The Gardener and Death," umuntu angathola izihloko ezifana nethi "Natural Novel," "Physics of Sadness," "The Tempestides," kanye neqoqo elithi "On the Theft of Stories and Other Tales."
Ijaji elikhulu lohlu oluhlukahlukene lwabawinile
Ijaji lalolu hlelo lwe- Umklomelo Wabagxeki iholwa ngu UFernando Valls futhi yakhiwe ngohlu olukhulu lochwepheshe: Ángel Basanta, Noni Benegas, María José Bruña, Pilar Castro, Jordi Cerdá, Jorge de Arco, Alberto García Teresa, Araceli Iravedra, José Jurado Morales, Manuel Morales Escudero, Francisca Noguerol Jiménez, Carmen Peire, Áréto Marínco María, José Luco María Paula, Ascensión Rivas, Airoa Sampedro, Enrique Turpin, Tensi Xesteira y UJosé Luis Martín Nogales, osebenze njengonobhala.
Ngokusho kwenhlangano laba bagxeki abangu-21 bakha i- ukumelwa okubanzi kokugxekwa kwezincwadi Okuwumkhuba ovamile kwabezindaba baseSpain. Umsebenzi wabo wokuqala uhlanganisa ukufunda nokuhlola izincwadi zezinhlobo ezahlukene, abashicileli, kanye nemvelaphi, okuqinisekisa umbono ohlukahlukene womkhiqizo wezincwadi waminyaka yonke.
Umhlangano eMorille wenzeke phakathi nesikhathi izinsuku ezintathu ezinzimaNgaphezu kokuvakasha kwamasiko okuhlelwe yiMkhandlu Wedolobha, izingxoxo zejaji zenzeke ngasese, esimweni esihlanganisa ingxoxo enzima nokushintshana okungenakugwenywa kwezindlela zobuhle kanye nemizwa yokufunda.
Le nqubo iholela ku- udumo abafundi abaningi kanye nochwepheshe bemboni abacabanga ukuthi i-X-ray ebalulekile yonyaka wezincwadi eSpain naseYurophu, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokunaka kwayo izilimi ezahlukene kanye nokufakwa komsebenzi wangaphandle onethonya elinamandla elingokomzwelo nelokubhala njengokaGospodinov.
Iqoqo lemisebenzi enikezwe kulo nyaka libonisa isithakazelo esicacile enkumbulweni yomndeni, empilweni yansuku zonke, kanye nezindawo ezimnyama zokuphila, kokubili ekulandiseni nasezinkondlweni. Kusukela ekwakhiweni kabusha kozalo lukaTorrente Ballester-Malvido ku-"The Illusionists" kuya emibhalweni engaziwa yokungabi naso isikhathi ku-"Each One Is Many People," edlula ku-psychogeography yezinkondlo zaseCatalan, emaphandleni aseGalician ekuguqukeni, imifantu ethinta inhliziyo ekulandiseni kweBasque noma ukulila okuseduze ku-"The Gardener and Death," i-Critics' Prize ihlanganisa indima yayo njenge-barometer yokubhala, unyaka nonyaka, ekhomba ezinye zeziphakamiso eziqinile nezisikisela kakhulu endaweni yokushicilela.