Umlobi waseMexico Gonzalo Celorio uthole i- Umklomelo weMiguel de Cervantes Wezincwadi Zolimi LwaseSpain Unyaka ka-2025, ukuqashelwa okuphezulu kakhulu kwezincwadi zolimi lwesiSpanishi, emcimbini ohloniphekile obanjelwe e- Ihholo Leyunivesithi yase-Alcalá de HenareseMadrid. Lo mklomelo, onikezwe yi-Ministry of Culture yaseSpain, uhlonipha umsebenzi oguqule inkumbulo yomndeni, ukuzindla ngolimi, kanye nengxoxo phakathi EMexico naseSpain enkabeni yomsebenzi wobungcweti obufinyelela kude.
Ngale ndlela yokuqashelwa, iCelorio iqinisa isikhundla sayo njenge umbhali wesikhombisa waseMexico ekuwineni uMklomelo weCervantes futhi ujoyina uhlu oluhlanganisa amagama anjengo-Octavio Paz, uCarlos Fuentes, uSergio Pitol, uJosé Emilio Pacheco, u-Elena Poniatowska, noFernando del Paso. Isibalo sakhe siboniswe eSpain kulezi zinsuku njengesomuntu umbhali ophelele: umlandisi, umbhali wezindatshana, uprofesa waseyunivesithi, isazi solimi kanye nomhleli, ohlala ezinikele ekuvikeleni okubhaliwe.
Umcimbi ogcwele izimpawu e-Alcalá de Henares
Umcimbi wokudluliselana wenzeke, njengoba isiko lisho, ngomhlaka Ephreli 23, Usuku LwezincwadiKukhunjulwe isikhumbuzo sokufa kukaMiguel de Cervantes. Umcimbi wenzeke e-Paraninfo yomlando yaseNyuvesi yase-Alcalá, enezinkulumo zika... inkosi uFiliphu VIUNgqongqoshe Wezamasiko, u-Ernest Urtasun, kanye noGonzalo Celorio uqobo, bakhulume nezilaleli ezazihlanganisa nabameleli bezwe lezepolitiki, lezemfundo kanye nelamasiko laseSpain kanye namazwe amaningana aseLatin America.
Umbhali ufike endaweni yomcimbi kusenesikhathi esingaphezu kwehora, ehlangatshezwa yi- inkampani yezempi exubile eholwa yiParachute Brigade kanye namaqembu avela kuzo zonke izigaba ezintathu zamabutho ahlomile. Lapho esengaphakathi, isithombe sakhe, esincike endukwini futhi ngezwi lakhe ngokwakhe elichaza ngokuthi “sinciphile futhi sinjengetshe,” sahluke kakhulu ezwini eliqinile lenkulumo ahlanganisa kuyo imizwa ejulile kanye nokuzindla kwezincwadi.
Ijaji, elihlangane ngoNovemba 3, lanquma ukumnikeza umklomelo ngomsebenzi owenziwe, eminyakeni engaphezu kwamashumi amahlanu edlule, “ngendlela ejulile neqhubekayo” ukucebisa ulimi lwesiHispanic namasikoImizuzu iqokomisa ubuhle beprozi yakhe, ukujula kombono wakhe obucayi, kanye nekhono lakhe lokuhlola ubuwena, imfundo engokomzwelo, kanye nokulahlekelwa ngenkumbulo.
Ifakwe I-125.000 euroUmklomelo weCervantes unikezwa minyaka yonke kumbhali omsebenzi wakhe ubhalwe ngokuphelele noma ngokuyisisekelo ngesiSpanishi. Selokhu wasungulwa ngo-1976, ube ngumklomelo ohamba phambili kwezincwadi zesiSpanishi, uhlobo "loku"I-Nobel ngesiSpanishi"okuphawula uhlu lwezincwadi oluhlanganyelwe phakathi kweYurophu neLatin America."
Ingxoxo phakathi kukaCervantes, amahlaya kanye nenkululeko
Ingqikithi eyinhloko yenkulumo kaGonzalo Celorio e-Alcalá de Henares yayingeyakhe ukufundwa komuntu siqu kukaCervantes futhi, ikakhulukazi, uDon Quixote. Eqaphela ubunzima besikhulumi, umbhali uvumile ukuthi usebenze izinyanga eziningi embhalweni lapho izinkondlo zakhe, inkumbulo yomndeni wakhe, kanye nokuzindla ngalokho inkululeko yokudala ukuthi uDon Quixote ubelokhu ekhona kusukela ngekhulu le-17.
UCelorio waveza isithombe sikaCervantes ophethe ideski lakhe, “eqhosha” ngokucasuka nangokubukeka okubukhali, nokho, ongakwazi ukufihla amahlaya agcwele lokho kudlula emakhasini ayo. Kusukela kuleso sithombe, waphikisana ngokuthi umbhali wencwadi ethi Don Quixote wasebenzisa ihlaya nokuhleka ukuze embule ingqikithi yesimo somuntu, esihlala sihlukaniswe phakathi kwemibono engenakwenzeka kanye iqiniso elinzima.
Kumlobi waseMexico, inoveli kaCervantes, ngaphezu kwakho konke, iwuphawu ukugujwa kwenkululekoUkhumbule ukuthi uMario Vargas Llosa ubone kuDon Quixote ukuvikela ubukhosi bomuntu ngamunye ngokumelene nokusetshenziswa kabi kwanoma yiliphi igunya, umqondo uCelorio awuthatha ukuze abonise indlela okuhlangenwe nakho kokuboshwa nokuboshwa okwaphawula ngayo ukuhluzeka kukaCervantes kanye nokuzibophezela kwakhe okukhulu... ukuzimela kwesihloko.
Kusukela lapho, waphikisana ngokuthi inkululeko ayibonakali kuphela kulokho okushiwo abalingiswa, kodwa nakuye uqobo. uhlobo lwenoveliUDon Quixote, uthe, uyahlukana nemikhuba yesikhathi sakhe futhi uxuba izinkondlo, ukushumayela, indatshana, ukuphambuka kokugxeka, kanye nezindaba ezihlanganisiwe. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kuguqula umsebenzi ube “uhlobo lwezinhlobo” futhi kufanekisela eziningi zezinhlobo izivivinyo zezindaba zanamuhla, kusukela ezincwadini zomlando wakhe kuya enoveli ehlukaniswe kakhulu.
Izincwadi zomuntu siqu kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwezinhlobo
Omunye wemibono eyinhloko yenkulumo kaCelorio kanye nokungenelela kwakhe eMadrid kwakuyi- ukuvikela izincwadi ezizenzakalelayoindawo lapho ehamba khona kalula. Ngokuphambene nombono ohlanganisa le nhlangano nezinkondlo ezikhuluma ngengoma kuphela, wagcizelela ukuba khona kwayo endabeni, enoveli, ezindabeni zomlando, kanye nasezincwadini zomlando, izinhlobo zomsebenzi wakhe ezihlangana "kuze kube seqophelweni lokuziphatha okubi."
Wakhumbula uMichel de Montaigne, owabhala izindatshana ngaye, kanye nencazelo ka-Alfonso Reyes yendatshana njenge-“i-centaur yesizukulwane"lapho ukuhlakanipha kokuhlaziya kanye nomcabango kuhlangana khona ndawonye. KuCelorio, lesi simo esihlanganisiwe sichaza ukuthi kungani amanoveli akhe acatshangelwayo ehlanganisa ukuvuma izono, umlando, ukuzindla okubucayi, kanye nenkumbulo yomndeni, okwenza kufiphale imingcele phakathi inganekwane kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho.
Umbhali ngokwakhe uchaze izincwadi zakhe ngokuthi “amanoveli enkumbulo"Beqaphela ukuthi inkumbulo iyisihlabathi esikhohlisayo kodwa esivundile sezincwadi. Kubo, bona ngokwabo bangena kuzo zonke izimfa ekubhalweni ukuze bakhe kabusha izindaba zokhokho, abadingisiwe, izivunguvungu, kanye nokufuduka, okuthi, nakuba kuhlala kuseduze, bafune ukukufisa." ukuphonsela inselelo noma yimuphi umfundi lokho kuyaqashelwa kulezo zingxabano.
Esitatimendeni sakhe kwabezindaba eReina Sofía Museum, uCelorio wagcizelela ukuthi “akekho owaziyo ngempela ukuthi bangobani uma engazi ukuthi bavelaphi” futhi wavuma ukuthi ubhala, ngokuyindida, “ukukhohlwa"Nakuba amanoveli akhe asekelwe esenzweni sokukhumbula. Lokhu kungezwani phakathi kwesidingo sokulungisa okwedlule kanye nesifiso sokuzihlukanisa nakho, ngemuva, kudlula emisebenzini yakhe eminingi."
Indaba yomndeni phakathi kwe-Asturias, iCuba neMexico
Iningi lalezo zinkondlo livezwe encwadini yesithathu umbhali ngokwakhe ayibiza ngokuthi, ngokuhlekisa okuthile, "Umndeni oyisibonelo", eyakhiwa yinoveli ethi Three Beautiful Cuban Women, The Metal and the Scum kanye nethi The Apostates. Kuzo uphinda ahlele kabusha indlela yezizukulwane ezintathu eziphawulwe yizinguquko zaseLatin America, impi yombango yaseSpain kanye namagagasi okufuduka phakathi kweYurophu neMelika.
Isibonelo, uCelorio ulandisa indaba yakhe Umkhulu wase-Asturianowashiya idolobhana eduze kwaseLlanes maphakathi nekhulu le-19 ukuze "athole ingcebo yakhe eMelika" wagcina eseqongelela ingcebo njengomthengisi wotshwala eMexico, ingcebo inzalo yakhe eyayichitha kamuva. Lolo hambo olusuka ezintabeni zaseCantabrian luya eMexico yasemadolobheni neyayisiphithiphithi yekhulu lama-20 luba yisingathekiso se- ibhuloho lomlando phakathi kweSpain neMelika.
Ngasohlangothini lukanina, ukhumbula ugogo owazalelwa e- I-La Habana ngesikhathi iCuba iseyisifundazwe saseSpain, kanye nodadewabo abathathu baseBlasco Milián, izimpilo zabo ezaziphawuleka yiCastro Revolution. Ku-Three Beautiful Cuban Women, ulandisa ngendlela leyo nqubo yezepolitiki neyezenhlalo eyabahlukanisa futhi yabaqhathanisa ngayo, ebonisa, ngempilo yasekhaya, umthelela oseduze wemicimbi emikhulu.
Abahlubuki bona, bagxila kubafowabo bombhali: umuntu othathwe yi- Uguquko lweSandinista eNicaragua Enye ithonywe yiNkolo Yenkolo Yokukhululeka, kanti enye ithakaselwa ukwakheka kwezakhiwo zaseMexico zaseBaroque. Le noveli iguqula uhambo lwabo lube yizincwadi zokwakha indaba ende yomndeni ehlanganisa amazwe ahlukene, imibono, kanye izikhathi zokucindezeleka komlando.
Kuyo yonke le phrojekthi yokulandisa, uCelorio uqala ngedatha yangempela, izingobo zomlando, izincwadi kanye nobufakazi, kodwa uyazivumela guqula amagama, izinsuku kanye nobudlelwanoUphikisana ngokuthi inganekwane ingahamba lapho umlando uphela khona, ngokwandisa iqiniso ngalokho abalingiswa abakukhumbulayo, abakuphuphayo, noma abakucabangayo, nokuthi le nkululeko imvumele ukuthi athole iziqephu zomndeni ngenkathi ebhala. Uphakamisa nokuthi kususwe izibalo ezingabhaliwe futhi kusungulwe abalingiswa abahlangana kahle nakho konke. okungaziwa futhi ngezinye izikhathi okukhathazayo.
IMexico neSpain: ubudlelwano obuhlanganiswe nolimi nenkumbulo
Ngaphandle kwendawo yomndeni wakhe, umsebenzi namazwi kaGonzalo Celorio kuye kwaveza ubudlelwano phakathi EMexico naseSpain, ephawulwe yifa lobukoloni kanye nokudingiswa kwamaRiphabhulikhi kanye nokushintshana ngamasiko kwekhulu lama-20. Enkulumweni yakhe e-Alcalá, umbhali wathi ubuzwe baseMexico “ayikwazi ukuhlukaniswa womlando namasiko aseSpain” futhi wacaphuna uCarlos Fuentes ukuchaza izwe lakhe njengengxenye ebalulekile “ye-indawo yaseLa Mancha".
Ekuveleni kwakhe esidlangalaleni eMadrid, umbhali ubelokhu egxeka indlela i- inkinga yezombusazwe Ivulwe eminyakeni yamuva nje ngesicelo sokuxolisa esivela eSpain ngokunqotshwa. Uchaze leso sicelo ngokuthi “ubuwula obungenalo ulwazi lwesikhathi kanye ne-retrotopic,” uma sibheka ukuthi inqubo yamakhulu eminyaka edlule yahlulelwa ngezigaba zamanje, esimweni lapho kungekho khona iMibuso eyayikhona njengoba iqondwa namuhla, futhi izwe langaphambi kweSpanishi lalingafani nesithombe esifanelekile sepharadesi elilahlekile.
Ithisisi yakhe, evezwe ngokucacile eReina Sofía Museum, ithi ISpanishi eMelika Akufanele kubhekwe “njengolimi lokunqoba” kuphela, kodwa “njengolimi lokunqoba”ulimi lokuzimelaNgokusho kukaCelorio, ngaphandle kweSpanishi saseCastilian bekungeke kwenzeke ukuthi amazwe anjengeMexico akhe ubuzwe bawo besimanje, futhi ukhumbula ukuthi abavangeli abaningi bafunda izilimi zomdabu zokuxhumana, ngakho-ke ukufakwa kweSpanishi kwakuqondiswa yinhlanganisela iqiniso elisebenzisa izilimi eziningi.
Emcimbini weCervantes, uFelipe VI uphinde wagcizelela lo mbono wobudlelwano obujulile futhi waqinisekisa ukuthi iMexico neSpain “ziyingaphezu kwamazwe angodadewabo", eqokomisa indlela umlando wombhali, umzukulu womfuduki wase-Asturian kanye nonina onezimpande zaseSpain, ofundiswe othisha baseMexico kanye nabadingiswa baseRiphabhulikhi, ahlanganisa ngayo ikhulu leminyaka ukushintshisana kwezincwadi kanye nabantu phakathi kwezingu ezimbili ze-Atlantic.
UNgqongqoshe u-Ernest Urtasun, yena, wasebenzisa leli thuba ngesikhathi senkulumo yakhe ukuhlonipha Ukudingiselwa kwaseSpain eMexicookuyinto uCelorio abelokhu eyikhomba njengenye yezikole zakhe ezinhle. Uze wathi, uma kufanele aqambe uthisha wakhe, angaphendula ngaphandle kokungabaza ukuthi kwakuyizithunjwa zaseRiphabhulikhi, ebhekisela kubantu abanjengoLuis Cernuda, abathole eNational Autonomous University of Mexico indawo yomsebenzi kanye nendawo yokukhosela esizuzwa yisizukulwane sikaCelorio namuhla, ngendlela yaso.
Umbhali ophelele osebenzela izwi
Umsebenzi kaGonzalo Celorio uye wavela ngesikhathi esifanayo kuzo zonke izinhlangothi: ukudalwa kwezincwadi, ukufundisa, ukuphathwa kwamasiko, kanye nempilo yezemfundo. Wazalelwa eMexico City ngo-1948, ungu Udokotela Wezilimi ZaseHispanic Nezincwadi kanye noprofesa kusukela ngeminyaka yama-70 ezikhungweni ezifana ne-Universidad Iberoamericanna, i-Instituto Politécnico Nacional, i-El Colegio de México kanye, phakathi nendawo, i-Faculty of Philosophy and Letters of the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM).
Emkhakheni wezikhungo ubambe izikhundla ezibalulekile: wayengumqondisi wezincwadi eNational Institute of Fine Arts, umxhumanisi wezokusabalalisa amasiko e-UNAM, unobhala wezemfundo futhi kamuva Umqondisi we-Faculty of Philosophy and LettersPhakathi kuka-2000 no-2002, wahola i-Fondo de Cultura Económica, enye yezindawo ezibaluleke kakhulu zokunyathelisa umphakathi emhlabeni wamaHispanic, lapho asiza khona ukuqinisa ikhathalogi yezincwadi kanye nezindatshana ezihloselwe abafundi abavela kuzo zombili izinhlangothi ze-Atlantic.
Ukuxhumana kwakhe nezikhungo zemfundo yolimi kuqine ngokulinganayo. Uyilungu eligcwele le- I-Mexican Academy of LanguageUsebenze njengomqondisi we-Academy of Fine Arts kusukela ngo-2019 kuya ku-2023 futhi uyilungu elifanayo le-Royal Spanish Academy kanye ne-Cuban Academy of Language. Uphinde abe nesihlalo esingavamile e-National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM). “Amakhosi Okudingiswa KwaseSpain”, lapho kubuyekezwa khona ifa lalabo abaphoqeleka ukuba bashiye iSpain ngemva kwempi yombango futhi bathola eMexico indawo yokuqhubeka nomsebenzi wabo wobungcweti.
Ezinsukwini zamuva nje, ukubonakala kukaCelorio esidlangalaleni eMadrid kuye kwaphawulwa ngokuvuma okuphindaphindiwe: uzibheka, ngaphezu kwakho konke, njengomuntu umuntu owenziwe ngezincwadiYena ngokwakhe uthe akanayo indlu, kodwa umtapo wolwazi, nokuthi uchithe impilo yakhe efunda, efundisa futhi ehlela, kwaze kwaba yilapho igama lakhe alithandayo kwisichazamazwi, limane lithi, “izwi".
Umsebenzi wokubhala, izikhumbuzo kanye nemiklomelo
Emkhakheni wobuciko, umkhiqizo kaGonzalo Celorio uhlanganisa amanoveli, izindatshana, izindaba zesikhathi esidlule, kanye nezikhumbuzo zakhe. Phakathi kwezincwadi zakhe zobuciko, uGonzalo Celorio uhlanganisa amanoveli, izindatshana, izindaba zesikhathi esidlule kanye nezikhumbuzo zakhe. amanoveli aziwa kakhulu Izihloko zifaka phakathi i-Self-Love, i-The Sedentary Journey, i-And Let the Earth Tremble to Its Core, i-Metal and Slag, kanye ne-Gossip Mills of Memory. Indatshana inezihloko ezifana nalezi: Ukudwebela umugqa kungokwami, Imithetho Yokuvukela Umbuso, iMexico, Idolobha Lephepha, Indatshana Ekhuluma Ngokulwa Nokunqotshwa, Ngobuhle Bolimi LwaseSpain noma Inqwaba Yezibuko Eziphukile, lapho evula khona amehlo akhe esikweni lokubhala laseHispanic kanye nedolobha laseMexico.
Umsebenzi wakhe uhunyushelwe ezilimini eziningana—kufaka phakathi isiNgisi, isiFulentshi, isiNtaliyane, isiPutukezi, isiGreki, kanye nesiShayina—okunikeza umbono wezincwadi zakhe. ukuqagela kwamazwe ngamazweIjaji laseCervantes liqokomise ukuhlekisa, ubumnene, kanye nemfundo ejulile etholakala emibhalweni yakhe, lidweba imephu yemizwa namasiko yeMexico yanamuhla esebenza futhi njenge isibuko sesimo somuntu.
Uhlu lwemiklomelo ayitholile kulo lonke umsebenzi wakhe lukhulu. Phakathi kwezinye, luhlanganisa Indondo yeCultural Journalism kusukela ku-National Institute of Fine Arts for The Underlines Are Mine, i-Prix des Deux Océans eMkhosini we-Biarritz for The Sedentary Journey, i-IMPAC-CONARTE-ITESM National Novel Prize for And the Earth Trembles in Its Centers, i-National University Prize emkhakheni we-Artic Creation and Cultural Extension, kanye ne- Umklomelo Kazwelonke Wezesayensi Nobuciko Kwezilimi Nezincwadi.
Lokhu kuhlanganiswe yiMazatlán Literature Prize ye-El metal y la escoria, iXavier Villaurrutia Prize yabalobi beMentideros de la memoria kanye ne- I-National Culture Order yaseCuba, eyanikezwa ngo-1996. Zonke lezi ziqashelo ziveza umbhali okwazile ukuhlanganisa ubukhali bokucabanga, ukuzwela kokulandisa kanye nokuzibophezela ekusakazweni kwamasiko abhaliwe ngesiSpanishi.
ESpain, ukubambisana kwakhe isikhathi eside nendlu yokushicilela Izimpawu Kube yisici esibalulekile. Inoveli yakhe yokuqala, ethi Self-Love, yanyatheliswa yilowo mbhalo ngo-1992, futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi umsebenzi wakhe omningi ufinyelele kubafundi baseSpain ngendlu efanayo yokushicilela. Ekuveleni kwakhe kwakamuva, uCelorio uhloniphe uBeatriz de Moura, umsunguli weTusquets, owashona ezinsukwini ngaphambi komkhosi, emtshela ukuthi unendima "yokuvula izincwadi zaseSpain emhlabeni nasemhlabeni ngezincwadi zaseSpain."
Ubudlova, izincwadi, kanye nendima yomfundi
Ngale komkhosi, ukungenelela kukaGonzalo Celorio eSpain nakho kushiye isikhala sokubheka ngokujulile i- umzuzu wamazwe ngamazweLapho ebuzwa ngezingxabano ezivulekile ezindaweni ezahlukene zomhlaba, umbhali wavuma ukuthi okwenzekayo "kuyamethusa" nokuthi ubudlova bamanje "kuyadumaza"futhi kushiya abaningi besengcupheni yokuziphatha."
Lapho ebuzwa ukuthi yiziphi izincwadi ezingenza uma ebhekene naleli qiniso, impendulo yakhe ibilokhu iqaphile. Ngokombono wakhe, izincwadi azikwazi ukuvimba ubudlova, kodwa zingakwazi ukuyiqopha, ukuyilinganisa, nokuyigxekaukunikeza umfundi isikhala sokukuqonda nokuthola umbono. Kuleso senzo, uthi, kwakheka "indawo yokuthula" encane: yokufunda ngokucophelela okuvumela umuntu ukuthi acabange ngesikhathi samanje ngaphandle kokusinciphisa sibe yisihloko nje.
Uphinde wanikela ngokuzindla okuthile umsebenzi womfundiUze waze wathi labo abafunda amanoveli baluhlobo "lomuntu othanda ukucasuka" othenga izingxabano ezingezona ezabo, azithathe, futhi azenze ezabo. Nokho, lokhu kuthathwa kwempahla kungaba yindlela kuphela yokufakazela ukuthi ungowesintu, ngokuzibona ebunzimeni nasekuphikisaneni kwabanye.
Ngokuphathelene nenoveli njengohlobo, uCelorio ugcizelele ukuthi iluhlobo luni uyingozi futhi uthanda inkululekoUphikisana ngokuthi, ngokuvumela ukugxekwa okujulile kweqiniso, le noveli isikhathi eside yayiyindlela yokubhala engakhululekile eMelika. Eqinisweni, ugcizelela "ukufika sekwephuzile" kohlobo lwenoveli kuleli zwekazi, lapho kungekho khona amanoveli abalulekile aqala khona ngesikhathi sobukoloni, yize uDon Quixote ayesakazwa kusukela ngekhulu le-17 njengesibonelo senkululeko yokulandisa.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umbhali uphikise ngokuthi “akukho lutho olungahambisani nobuciko bokubhala,” ngaleyo ndlela ephendula labo abamgxeka ngesikhathi esithile ngokungazinikeli kuphela ezindabeni eziqanjiwe. Kuye, ukufundisa, ukuphathwa kwamasiko, ukugxeka, nokufunda okujulile konke kuyingxenye yephrojekthi efanayo. ukuphila ngezwi futhi wabelane ngothando lwezincwadi nezizukulwane ezilandelanayo zabafundi nabafundi.
Njengoba leli sonto likaCervantes lisondela esiphethweni, ngokufundwa okuqhubekayo kukaDon Quixote eCírculo de Bellas Artes kanye nemisebenzi ehambisanayo efana nombukiso othi That Pile of Broken Mirrors, ozinikele endaweni yakhe yonke yokubhala, umfanekiso kaGonzalo Celorio uhlanganiswe eSpain njengowombhali owakha amabhuloho phakathi inkumbulo yomuntu siqu, umlando owabiwe kanye nolimi olwabiwe, futhi lowo izwi lihlala kuye, ngaphezu kwakho konke, izinto zokwakha okwakhelwe ngazo ukuphila.
