Izwe lamahlaya lilahlekelwe yizwi lalo elidumile kakhulu: UGerry Conway, umbhali wezithombe odumile kanye nomsunguli we-The Punisher, ushone eneminyaka engu-73 ubudala.Lezi zindaba zishaqise abafundi kanye nochwepheshe bemboni, abagcwalisa izinkundla zokuxhumana ngemiyalezo yokuvalelisa nokuqashelwa komuntu oshintshe indlela izindaba zamaqhawe ezixoxwa ngayo.
Ngokusho komkakhe, uLaura Conway, oqinisekisile ulwazi ezinhlanganweni ezahlukene zezindaba kanye nangesitatimende esikhishwe yiMarvel, umbhali Washona eThousand Oaks, eCalifornia, ngenxa yomdlavuza we-pancreatic.Umbhali wayesevele eveze obala eminyakeni yamuva ukuthi unesifo lesi, esamphoqa ukuthi angene esibhedlela izikhathi eziningana, yize ngo-2023 aphawula ukuthi usinqobile.
Isithonjana sencwadi yamahlaya esakha isiko le-pop
Egameni lomndeni wakhe, iMarvel ikhiphe isitatimende esisemthethweni ezinkundleni zokuxhumana kanye naseziteshini zayo zezinkampani, ichaza uConway njengo "isithonjana esikhulu sencwadi yamahlaya esakha isiko elidumile"Kulowo mbhalo, umshicileli ukhumbule ukuthi umsebenzi wakhe uthinte izigidi zabantu emhlabeni jikelele, kokubili abafundi abanolwazi kanye nezizukulwane ezintsha ezithole izindaba zakhe ezishicilelwe kabusha kanye nasezinkundleni zedijithali.
Umhleli oyinhloko weMarvel Comics u-CB Cebulski ugcizelele lokho UConway wabhala cishe wonke amaqhawe amakhulu eMarvel Universe.Kusukela kuSpider-Man kuya ku-Avengers, okuhlanganisa u-Iron Man noCaptain Marvel. Ngokombono wakhe, ifa lombhali wesikrini lishiye uphawu "olungenakuphikwa nolungasuki" kuhlobo lwe-superhero njengoba silwazi namuhla.
Kusukela ku-DC, omunye umdlali oyinhloko kuma-comics aseMelika, kwalandela ukuvalelisana ngokushesha. UJim Lee, umqondisi wokudala kanye nomongameli we-DC ComicsUgcizelele ukuthi umsebenzi kaConway kumshicileli ophikisana neMarvel "unomthelela futhi ubalulekile ngokulinganayo," futhi wagcizelela ukuthi wasiza ekwakheni abalingiswa abanjengoBatman, uSuperman, kanye neJustice League of America, ngaphezu kokudala ngokubambisana iFirestorm, uJason Todd, kanye nePower Girl.
Amanye amagama avelele embonini, njenge UJames Gunn, inhloko yamanje ye-DC StudiosBahlanganyele ekudumiseni ezinkundleni zokuxhumana. UGunn ukhumbule ukuthi ithonya likaConway lisazwakala nanamuhla yinoma ubani osebenza namaqhawe amakhulu, kungaba kuma-comic, amafilimu, noma kuthelevishini, nokuthi izindaba eziningi kanye nabalingiswa abaguqulwayo namuhla banegama lakhe.
Kusukela kumlandeli osemusha kuya ekubeni yindlalifa kaStan Lee ku-Spider-Man
UGerry Conway wazalelwa eBrooklyn, eNew York, ngomhlaka-10 Septhemba 1952, phakathi nokuqhuma kwezincwadi zamahlaya zeqhawe e-United States. Wayeyingxenye yesizukulwane sokuqala sabafundi abasuka ekubeni abalandeli baya ekubhaleni ngobungcweti ngabalingiswa ababathandayo.Into ebonakala ijwayelekile namuhla kodwa yayiyintsha ngokuphelele ngaleso sikhathi.
Umsebenzi wakhe wokuqala ohlonishwayo wafika ngokushesha ngendlela emangalisayo: Lapho eneminyaka engu-16 ubudala, washicilela indaba eyesabekayo ochungechungeni lwe-DC's House of Secrets.Lokhu kwamvulela iminyango yale mboni. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke, uConway waqala ukubambisana ne-DC kanye ne-Marvel, beshintshana ngamaphrojekthi futhi bethola indawo endleleni eyayibuswa ababhali abadala.
Ushintsho lwenzeka lapho, eneminyaka engu-19 kuphela ubudala, Wathatha umsebenzi wokubhala incwadi ethi The Amazing Spider-ManUkuthatha izintambo kuStan Lee. Kunoma yimuphi umlandeli, ukuthatha izintambo zeSpider-Man bekuzoba yinto evelele emsebenzini wakhe; kuConway, kwakumane kuyisiqalo sesikhathi esasizochaza kabusha umlingiswa kanye nehlaya leqhawe uqobo.
Phakathi naleyo minyaka, uchungechunge lwe-Spider-Man lwaba yindawo efanele yokucwaninga indlela entsha yokuxoxa izindaba: okuvusa amadlingozi kakhulu, okunemiphumela yangempela kanye nethoni engenalwazi kangako kunaleyo ebizwa ngokuthi iNkathi YesilivaNgoPeter Parker, umbhali wesikrini wakhuluma ngezihloko zabantu abadala kanye nezingxabano zomuntu siqu ezadlula kakhulu uhlelo lwamaqhawe asendulo ngokumelene nobubi.
Ngobusuku uGwen Stacy ashona ngabo kanye nokuzalwa kweThe Punisher
Uma kukhona isahluko esisodwa esiphindaphindwayo kuzo zonke izidumbu ezinikezelwe kuConway, yi-"The Night Gwen Stacy Died," eshicilelwe ku-"The Night Gwen Stacy Died," Indoda Emangalisayo Yesicabucabu #121Kuleyo ndaba, i-Green Goblin ithatha impilo yentombi kaPeter Parker, okuyindaba eshintshashintshayo eyathusa abafundi ngaleso sikhathi nokuthi abagxeki abaningi babheka ukuphela kobumsulwa okungokomfanekiso kumahlaya amaqhawe.
UConway nguye owaphikisana ngokuthi Amaqhawe nawo kwadingeka abhekane nokulahlekelwa okungenakulungiswaInto ebonakala isobala namuhla, kodwa eyaphula isikhunta ngawo-1970. Leso sinqumo sashintsha unomphela indlela kaSpider-Man, sashiya isilonda esihlala njalo kumlingiswa, futhi savula umnyango wezindaba ezivuthiwe nezinesibindi.
Kulelo sigaba esifanayo, umbhali wesikrini wethula omunye umlingiswa obalulekile: I-Frank Castle, eyaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi i-The Punisher, owaqala ukudlala ku-The Amazing Spider-Man #129. Wadalwa kanye nabaculi uJohn Romita Sr. noRoss Andru, lo mdlali ophikisana nobudlova nobudlova wasuka kumodeli yakudala yaba ngesinye sezithonjana ezimnyama zeMarvel.
I-Punisher, enekhanda layo eliyingqayizivele esifubeni sayo, yacatshangwa ukuthi umlingiswa ongaqondakali ngokokuziphatha futhi ohlukumezeke kakhuluEmashumini eminyaka kamuva, leso sithombe esifanayo sasizothathwa ngamaphoyisa kanye namaqembu aphikisayo, into uConway ngokwakhe ayigxeka obala. Umbhali waze wahola nomkhankaso wokuhlukanisa uphawu kulokho kusetshenziswa nokusekela izimbangela ezifana nokunyakaza kwe-Black Lives Matter.
Ngaphandle kukaGwen Stacy kanye neThe Punisher, uhlu lukaConway lwezinto ezidaliwe eMarvel lubanzi: Wadala ngokubambisana i-Jackal (Miles Warren), uBen Reilly njengomfanekiso kaPeter Parker, uNkz Marvel wokuqala (Carol Danvers), kanye nabalingiswa abahlobene nokwesaba abafana ne-Man-Thing kanye ne-Werewolf by Night.Ingxenye enkulu yendawo yonke yamanje yeSpider-Man kanye nezindaba eziningi zesimanje zisasekelwe kule mibono eyavela ngawo-1970.
Umklami wezindawo ezimbili: uphawu lwakhe kuMarvel nakuDC
Ekuqaleni kwawo-1970, ukuba khona kukaConway eMarvel kwakuhlala njalo. Waze wabamba isikhundla sokuba ngumhleli oyinhloko wendlu yokushicilela isikhashana ngo-1976., esikhathini sobuciko obukhulu lapho inkampani yahlanganisa khona imigqa eminingi eyayizokwenza kube yisilinganiso somhlaba wonke.
Ngaphandle kukaSpider-Man, umbhali wasebenza kolunye uchungechunge olubalulekile olufana noluthi Ama-Fantastic Four, uThor, noma I-Hulk emangalisayoLokhu kwaqinisa umbono wokuthi wayengomunye wezinsika zeNdlu Yemibono. Isitayela sakhe sahlanganisa isenzo esimangalisayo nezingxabano eziseduze, into eyayizothonya kamuva indlela okufinyelelwa ngayo ekuzivumelaniseni kwamafilimu nakuthelevishini kwala maqhawe.
Maphakathi nawo-1970, uConway wangena kwi-DC Comics, ebonisa ukuguquguquka okungavamile: Bambalwa ababhali abaye baba nomthelela omkhulu kangaka kubashicileli ababili abakhulu bamaqhawe ngesikhathi esisodwa.E-DC wadala abalingiswa abanjengoFirestorm, Power Girl, Jason Todd (uRobin wesibili), Vixen, Steel, Vibe noma i-villain Killer Croc, manje abayizingcezu ezibalulekile zomhlaba wenkampani ocatshangelwayo.
Isikhathi sakhe ehola I-Justice League of America yahlala iminyaka engaba yisishiyagalombilieba ngomunye wababhali abaziwayo nabahlala njalo kulesi sihloko. Ngaphansi kokuloba kwakhe, i-Justice League ihlole izingxabano zangaphakathi, ukungezwani phakathi kwabalingiswa, kanye nezindaba ezinkulu ezazizoba ugqozi lwezindaba zesikhathi esizayo kanye nokuguqulwa kwezithombe ezinyakazayo.
Enye yezinto azikhumbulayo kakhulu kwaba I-crossover kaSuperman vs. Superman I-Amazing Spider-Man 1976Njengoba kwakucatshangwa ukuthi kwakuyindlela yokuqala enkulu yokuhlangana kwesimanje phakathi kwabashicileli ababili abaphikisanayo, lokhu kuhlangana phakathi kwamaqhawe amabili adumile ngaleso sikhathi kwavula indlela yokubambisana ngezikhathi ezithile phakathi kweMarvel neDC, futhi kwaba yincwadi yamahlaya yabaqoqi emhlabeni wonke, kuhlanganise naseYurophu.
Kusukela ekhasini kuya esikrinini: ithelevishini, ifilimu kanye namaphrojekthi akamuva
Eminyakeni edlule, uConway wandisa ulwazi lwakhe ngale kwemidwebo yamahlaya. Wabhala amanoveli amabili esayensi futhi wasebenza emigqeni yamaphephandaba njenge-Star Trek.Kodwa ngaphezu kwakho konke, wathatha isinyathelo sokuya kuthelevishini namafilimu, lapho ulwazi lwakhe ekulandiseni izindaba ochungechungeni lwalufanelana kahle khona.
Esikrinini esikhulu, Yanikeza indaba eyisisekelo yamafilimu afana ne-Fire and Ice kanye ne-Conan the DestroyerAmafilimu amabili enganekwane kusukela ngawo-1980 manje anabalandeli abathile. Kuwo, waveza ukunambitheka kwakhe kwezwe elicatshangwayo namaqhawe ahlukunyezwayo, izici nazo ezikhona ezincwadini zakhe zamahlaya.
Kuthelevishini, umbhali wesikrini wabamba iqhaza njengombhali nomkhiqizi ochungechungeni oludumile olufana noluthi Ukuxilongwa: Ukubulala, uMatlock, Izimfihlakalo ZikaBaba uDowling noma Umthetho Nokuhlelekaikakhulukazi kuhlobo lwe-Criminal Intent. Ushiye uphawu lwakhe ku-animation, ebambisana kumaphrojekthi afana ne-Batman: The Animated Series kanye ne-Spider-Man: The Animated Series, eyaphawula isizukulwane sonke sababukeli baseYurophu ngawo-1990.
Naphezu komsebenzi wakhe onzima esikrinini esincane, uConway akazange azihlukanise ngokuphelele namahlaya. Eminyakeni yamuva nje ubuyele emsebenzini ngezihloko ezifana nethi The Amazing Spider-Man: Renew Your Vows noma ezindabeni zeCarnage.okubonisa ukuthi wayelokhu exhumene nokushaya kwenhliziyo kwe-medium kanye nemizwa emisha yokufunda.
Igama lakhe lavela nasemaphephandabeni ngezizathu ezingahlobene namakhathuni lapho, Ngo-2022, wahola isinyathelo sokubuyisa uphawu lwekhanda lika-The Punisher.Umqondo kwakuwukulwa nokusetshenziswa kwayo ngamaphoyisa athile kanye namaqembu agqamile bese iguqulwa ibe isithombe esihlotshaniswa nezizathu zobulungiswa bezenhlalo, iqondise ezinye zenzuzo ezinhlanganweni ezifana ne-Black Lives Matter.
Waqashelwa ozakwabo futhi wathandwa abalandeli
Izitatimende ezivela kubaphathi beMarvel Studios nazo zigcizelele ubukhulu bomsebenzi wabo. UKevin Feige, umongameli wesitudiyo, ugcizelele ukuthi UConway waletha ubukhali obukhethekile ezithombeni zakhe zesikrini, ekwazi ukuhlanganisa izenzo ezinkulu zobuqhawe nezici zansuku zonke nezemizwa ezisondeza abalingiswa kumfundi ojwayelekile.
Ngokusho kwabahlaziyi abaningi, lelo khono lokufaka amaqhawe ezintweni ezihlukile kanye nobuthakathaka, liwukuthi. esinye sezihluthulelo zokuthi kungani izindaba zakhe sezigugile kangaka Futhi ziyaqhubeka nokunyatheliswa kabusha ezimakethe ezifana neSpain neYurophu. Akalandelanga nje amafomula, kodwa wacindezela imingcele yalokho okungase kulandwe encwadini yamahlaya yezentengiselwano.
Ngokombono womuntu siqu, labo ababehlala naye bamchaza njengo umuntu osondelene kakhulu nezilaleli zakheUmkakhe ukhumbule okunye kokusayinwa kwakhe kokugcina kwezincwadi zamahlaya zomphakathi, okwenzeka ekuqaleni kwalonyaka, lapho, naphezu kokukhathala nobuhlungu obubangelwa yilesi sifo, wanquma ukuhlala amahora ambalwa ukuze aqinisekise ukuthi bonke abalandeli abasemgqeni bangakwazi ukusayina izincwadi zabo zamahlaya futhi baxoxe naye imizuzu embalwa.
Ezingxoxweni ezedlule, uConway wachaza ukuthi wayevame ukwenza bhala ucabanga “ngohlangothi lwakho lobusha”kulowo mfundi wangaphakathi owajabulela izindaba eziqondile nezinobuqhawe zobuntwana bakhe. Waphikisana ngokuthi abantu abadala abaningi bayaqhubeka nokufunda amahlaya ngenxa yokukhumbula isikhathi esidlule ukuze babone lowo mbono olula, yize imibhalo yakhe ibonise ukuthi lobu lula obubonakalayo bungahambisana nesisindo esikhulu esimangalisayo.
Ngemva kokufa kwakhe, wasinda ngo- umkakhe uLaura namadodakazi akhe amabili emishadweni yangaphambiliniYena ngokwakhe ukhulume ngobuhlungu bokuhlukana "nomngane wakhe womphefumulo", yize ayefuna nokugcizelela ukubonga kwakhe ngesikhathi esabelwana ngaso kanye nobuhlobo, ngamazwi akhe, obashintsha izimpilo zabo bobabili.
Ukushona kukaGerry Conway kuvala isahluko ngempilo yombhali, ngaphandle kokuthandwa kakhulu ngabezindaba, Wachaza kabusha imithetho yamahlaya amaqhawe futhi washiya abalingiswa, izindatshana, nezimpawu ezisakhona kakhulu emasikweni athandwayo aseYurophu nasemhlabeni jikelele.Ukufundwa ngakunye okusha kokufa kukaGwen Stacy, ukubonakala ngakunye kwe-The Punisher noma kwamaqhawe awasizile ekudaleni, ngandlela thile, kuyindlela yokugcina izwi lakhe liphila emakhasini nasenkumbulo yabafundi.