Akuyona nje inkumbulo yezemfundo. Igama lakhe livela kabusha ekuzivumelaniseni okulalelwayo nokubukwayo, imiklomelo, eziteji, nasekuzindleni kwansuku zonke ngobunikazi, ukukhumbula izinto ezidlule, noma uthando ngeSpain. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kwezinto zakudala nezanamuhla kuchaza ukuthi kungani uLorca eyindawo yokubhekisela ephilayo namuhla, ekwazi ukubandakanya labo abamfundayo kanye nalabo abahlangana nenye yezingcaphuno zakhe ezinkundleni zokuxhumana.
Imbongi eyinhloko kanye nombhali wemidlalo yeshashalazi wesizukulwane sika-'27
ULorca ungoweqembu lababhali abavuselela izinkondlo nemidlalo yeshashalazi eSpain. Ukwamukela kwakhe i-avant-garde kanye ne-surrealism akuzange kumvimbele ekubhekeni ezinhlotsheni zakudala noma ezinganekwaneni zase-Andalusia, inhlanganisela eyamnika izwi eliqashelwa kakhulu. Umsebenzi wakhe uhlanganisa isiko elidumile nokuhlolwa okunesibindi kakhulu.
Ukufa kwakhe ngobudlova ngesikhathi seMpi Yombango, ngo-Agasti 1936, kwahlala kuphawula ukwamukelwa komsebenzi wakhe. Imbongi yaseGranada yabulawa, kanti umhla ziyi-18 ku-Agasti usungulwe njengosuku lokufa kwayo , yize imininingwane yalezo zinsuku isalokhu iyinto yokuphenywa nokukhunjulwa. Isithunzi sokucindezelwa sibonakala phezu kwezincazelo eziningi zefa layo.
Phakathi kwemisebenzi yakhe eyaziwa kakhulu yiRomancero gitano (Gypsy Ballads), eyanyatheliswa ngo-1928 , lapho abonisa khona umhlaba we-Andalusia yendabuko ngeso elingokomfanekiso nelihlelekile. Le ncwadi yasiza ekuqiniseni idumela lakhe futhi ihlala iyindawo evamile yokungena emisebenzini kaFederico GarcĂa Lorca.
Imisho eqhubeka nokusebenza njengekhampasi
Esinye sezisho zikaLorca ezivame ukucashunwa siphathelene nombono wakhe ngeSpain. Kuyo, umbhali uthi uhlabelela ngeSpain futhi uzizwa ngayo enhliziyweni yakhe, kodwa ngaphambi kwalokho, ungumuntu womhlaba futhi ungumfowabo wabo bonke . Kungumyalezo wokubuyisana, lapho ehlanganisa khona isibopho esijulile nezwe lakhe nobudlelwane obudlula imingcele. Ngokumangalisayo, la mazwi ahlotshaniswa nomzuzu oseduze nokubulawa kwakhe.
Okunye ukucabanga okuvame ukucashunwa kuvela embhalweni othi "Ukuzindla," ofakwe ku-"Impressions and Landscapes," okuyincwadi kuphela yomsebenzi wakhe. Lapho wabhala ukuthi eminye imiphefumulo ihlupheka ngesikhathi esidlule futhi ikhohlwe ukuthi ingubani ukuze ibheke kulokho okungeke kwenzeke . Lesi sisho sikhuluma ngokukhumbula izinto ezidlule, usizi, nokunqoba, kanye nalabo abasabambeke ezinkumbulweni ezingasakwazi ukugcwaliseka. Le ncwadi ithola ugqozi ohambweni lokufunda lwembongi eyazalelwa eGranada phakathi neminyaka yayo yaseyunivesithi futhi ikhuluma ngezihloko zezombusazwe nezobuhle, kanye nokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Umqondo wokuphila ubhajwe esikhathini esidlule ungasetshenziswa ezweni ledijithali. Imithombo yezokuxhumana igcina izithombe, okuthunyelwe okudala, kanye nezinkumbulo ezibonakala zitholakala njalo , ukuze umuntu abe sesikhathini samanje kodwa ngokomzwelo abuyele ezinguqulweni zakhe zangaphambilini. Kukhona nemiphakathi ecabanga ukuthi izinkathi ezidlule zizoba ngcono futhi iguqule ukukhumbula izinto ezidlule kube yindawo yokukhosela ehlangene, enengozi yokubheka ikusasa ngokudumazeka.
ULorca emasikweni athandwayo nasesiteji
Esimweni sokubuka izinto ezilalelwayo nezibonwayo, uLorca uphinde waba yizihloko ngezinhlelo eziningana zakamuva . I-Los Javis ilethe impilo yakhe esikrinini esikhulu nge-'La bola negra'; uLola ĂŤndigo udlale enye yezinkondlo zakhe kuma-Goya Awards ka-2025; kanti i-HBO ilungiselela inguqulo yayo ethi ' La casa de Bernarda Alba' edlala noJenna Ortega noCamila Mendes. Lezi yizibonakaliso zokuthi ithonya lakhe lidlulela ngale kwegumbi lokufundela nokuthi umsebenzi wakhe uyaqhubeka nokusebenza njengezinto zokudala zamafilimu, ithelevishini, nomculo.
Ithiyetha iyaqhubeka nokumdonsela ngaphakathi. " The Public," omunye wemisebenzi yakhe evelele kakhulu , udlalwa njengengxenye yeMikel Albisu Theatre Festival ka-2026 eGetxo. Yabhalwa cishe ngo-1930, iphakamisa ukuhlukana namasiko, ukucindezela kobuciko kanye nemizwelo, nokuguqula isiteji sibe yiculo lothando, ithiyetha, kanye nezilaleli.
Lo mdlalo uveza indaba yothando ngemuva kwezigcawu: umqondisi wemidlalo yeshashalazi unobuhlobo noGonzalo , isifiso esimholela ekutheni athathe izinyathelo zokugwema ukungqubuzana nomphakathi obandlulula abantu abathandana nabobulili obufanayo nobandlululo. I-'The Audience' ihlanganisa ukufuna iqiniso, ukusungula izinto ezintsha kwemidlalo yeshashalazi, kanye nezici eziseduze kakhulu zokuhlangenwe nakho komuntu. Lo mdlalo uqondiswa nguJavier Liñera futhi uhlanganisa abadlali abahlanganisa uRaĂşl Garcia, uBego TestĂłn, uRufo Grande-GarcĂa, u-Elisabet Anda, uJosĂ© Ortega, uJon Guerrero, uLydia Rios, u-Ainhoa ​​​​Isasi, noMercedes DĂaz.
Izincwadi nezinsuku zokugcina: umuntu ongemuva kwenganekwane
Impilo kaLorca nayo yakhiwe kabusha ngezincwadi zakhe. Umbhali uVĂctor Fernández uqoqe lezi zincwadi encwadini ethi 'Don't Forget to Write,' eyethulwa ohlelweni lwe-SER Historia emsakazweni iCadena SER. Le mibhalo inikeza ukuqonda ngendoda engemuva kwesithunzi somphakathi kanye nezinkinga zansuku zonke zensizwa eyahamba yaya eMadrid iyofuna impilo entsha.
Phakathi kwemibhalo ethakazelisa kakhulu kukhona izincwadi lapho abafowabo nodadewabo bakaLorca bemsola khona ngokungababhaleli abazali babo kaningi . Kukhona nezimpendulo zembongi ngesikhathi sakhe eMadrid. Ngokusho kombhali, cishe yonke imibhalo eqoshiwe ivela emibhalweni yesandla etholakele, ngaphandle kwaleyo edluliselwe ngomlomo.
Leyo nothi ibhekwa ngabaningi njengenothi lokugcina likaFederico GarcĂa Lorca . Njengoba inothi libhalwe ngesikhathi eboshwa, lifundeka kanje: "Baba, ungamnikeza yini umnikeli ama-peseta ayizinkulungwane ezimbili?" Kuthiwa ababulali bakhohlise imbongi ukuba ikholelwe ukuthi ingasindisa impilo yayo uma uyise enikela ngemali, esigamekweni esichazwe yiCadena SER njengokusongela.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, indaba yomshayeli womndeni, uFrancisco Murillo Gámiz , igciniwe. Ukhumbule inhlekelele, futhi ukusesha izidumbu zikaFederico GarcĂa Lorca kuyaqhubeka. Lapho befinyelela esivumelwaneni, bamnika ugwayi futhi bamxwayisa ngokuthi ungowenkosi encane nokuthi wawuthathwe esidunjini sakhe. Umshayeli wawugcina lowo gwayi ungathinteki kukho konke ukuphila kwakhe njengesikhumbuzo esibuhlungu. Incwadi yokugcina eyabhalwa, eyabhalwa ngoJulayi 18, 1936, yayibhalelwe umgxeki wezobuciko osemusha uJuan RamĂrez de Lucas, yize inothi eya kuyise yagcina inyamalele futhi ibhekwa njengombhalo wokugcina oyiqiniso.
Indaba kaFederico GarcĂa Lorca ayinakuqondwa ngaphandle kwaleyo nhlanganisela yezinkondlo ezikhanyayo, imidlalo yaseshashalazini eshintshashintshayo, kanye nesiphetho esibuhlungu . Izimemezelo zakhe ngeSpain kanye nobunzima besikhathi esidlule, izincwadi zakhe zomndeni, ukulungiswa okulungiswa yizinkundla zokusakaza nabenzi bamafilimu, kanye nemikhiqizo efana ne-'El pĂşblico' kuqinisekisa ukuthi umsebenzi wakhe uyaqhubeka nokuthola izindlela ezintsha zokufinyelela izithameli. Eminyakeni engamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye kamuva, uLorca usalokhu engumbhali onzima futhi ohlonishwayo, okwazi ukukhuluma ngothando, inkumbulo, kanye nenkululeko enokubaluleka okubonakala kungapheli.
