Umbhali wase-Álava UToti Martínez de Lezea Ubuyela ezitolo zezincwadi nesihloko esisha esisuka kumanoveli akhe amade ajwayelekile ukuze ajule ngokugcwele Indaba emfushaneEncwadini yakhe entsha, ImisindoUmbhali ubuyisa ingqikithi yezindaba ezimfishane, ifomethi, njengoba naye ngokwakhe evuma, emthokozisayo, nakuba kungewona umkhakha asebenze kakhulu kuwo kuwo wonke umsebenzi wakhe.
Lesi sikhathi, the futhi kabanzi umlandi womlando ukhethe ukuqoqa izindaba ezizimele eziyishumi nanhlanu ezihlanganisa izinkathi ezihlukene, izilungiselelo, nemizwa. Uthando, amahlaya, isizungu, isifiso sokuvelela, inkumbulo yomndeni, nezingxabano zomphakathi kuhlangana emsebenzini lapho umbhalo ngamunye ucatshangelwa njengesiqephu esincane, esizimele, nokho ngesifiso sokuvelela nobunkimbinkimbi benoveli engaba khona efingqiwe.
Incwadi yezindaba ezimfishane engaqukatha amanoveli ayishumi nanhlanu
En Imisindoetholakala nasezitolo zezincwadi ngesi-Basque ngaphansi kwesihloko Ahotsak, U-Toti Martínez de Lezea uhlanganisa ndawonye izindaba ezimfishane eziyishumi nanhlanu kodwa ngeziza ezithuthuke kakhulu. Umbhali ugcizelela ukuthi ngayinye yazo "ingaba inoveli," njengoba izindaba zethulwe ngokujula kwesakhiwo, abalingiswa abayinkimbinkimbi, nezimo ezichazwe kakhulu.
Umsebenzi uvela futhi ezandleni zika indlu yokushicilela yaseBasque i-EreinUmbhali ubelokhu esebenzisana ngokukhethekile nale ndlu yokushicilela cishe iminyaka engamashumi amabili. Esinye sezizathu zalokhu kwethembeka, uyachaza, ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi kushicilelwe ngesikhathi esisodwa ngeSpanishi nesiBasque, into ayibheka njengengavamile emhlabeni wokushicilela futhi ayazisa kakhulu ngenxa yokuxhumana kwayo nesiko lesiBasque.
Isiqalo sencwadi kwaba yisikhathi lapho umbhali ayedlula khona isikhathi somuntu siqu esinzima Futhi wayengekho esimweni sokuqalisa enye inoveli ende. Wasebenzisa ithuba lokuthi wayesenezindaba ezimfushane ezimbili ezibhaliwe, ezishuthekwe ekhabetheni elilindele ukushicilelwa, futhi wanquma ukuqhubeka naleyo ndlela, eqedela izindaba eziyishumi nantathu ezisele ukuze zakhe umthamo wamanje.
UMartínez de Lezea uyakuvuma lokho Uthanda ukubhala izindaba ezimfishane ukwedlula amanoveli amade.Nakuba, ngokusho kwakhe, imakethe ayihlali ibambisane. Noma kunjalo, ubona isithakazelo esikhulayo kulolu hlobo lokufunda, mhlawumbe ngenxa yokuthi abantu abaningi bathanda izindaba ezijulile ezingafundwa ngesikhathi esincane, ezivumelaniswe nendlela yokuphila yanamuhla esheshayo.
Ngokombono wakhe, le ndaba idinga isitayela esicwengisiswe kakhulu sokubhala: Kufanele ufinyeze into efanayo naleyo esenovelini, kodwa ngamagama ambalwa.ngaphandle kokudela umkhathi noma ukujula kwabalingiswa. Kungakho ebheka le ncwadi njengenselelo yobuchwepheshe, cishe isivivinyo somsebenzi wakhe ukuze abone ukuthi angahamba ibanga elingakanani ngale fomethi.
Imigqa yesikhathi esukela ekhulwini le-10 ukuya kwelama-22
Izindaba ze Imisindo zisatshalaliswa kanye isikhathi esibanzikusukela ekhulwini le-10 kuya ekhulwini lama-22 lokucatshangelwa. Lezi zinkathi ezihlukahlukene zivumela umbhali ukuthi ahambe kalula ezindaweni azazi kahle, njenge Iminyaka ephakathi noma iMpi Yombango, kodwa futhi ukuhlola izimo zesimanje nezesikhathi esizayo.
Phakathi kwezindaba ezinesizinda somlando kuvela "Kamila"Umbhalo wokuvula wale ncwadi, owabekwa ngesikhathi sikaSancho waseNavarre, ulandisa ngendaba yowesifazane ongumSulumane osolwa ngokulala namaKristu, amaJuda, namaSulumane akanye nawo, kuyilapho empeleni ehlukunyezwa yibo bonke. Indaba igqamisa izinga elikabili nokungalingani kwezenkolo nobulili, njengoba kunguye owahlulelwayo, naphezu kokuba yisisulu sokuhlukumeza.
Okunye ukulandisa okungokomlando kugxile kukho ucelemba ogcinwe esontweni laseSan Miguel eVitoria-GasteizIsikhali esinikeza igama laso esigcawini esaziwayo enhloko-dolobha yase-Álava. Ngaphambi kwalesi sikhali, abameleli bafunge ukuthi bazoyigcina imithetho, esebenza njengesiqalo sokubhekana nezingxabano zezombangazwe nezenhlalo yangaleso sikhathi, phakathi nenhlekelele eyabangelwa Ukufa Okumnyama.
Umbhali uhlanganisa futhi ukuzijabulisa kwemibhalo yokuqhunyiswa kwamabhomu eDurangoUMartínez de Lezea, ambheka njengesiqephu esisibekele ngokungafanele uma kuqhathaniswa nokuhlasela okwaziwa kangcono eGuernica, ulandisa ukuthi izindiza zamaNazi zacekela phansi kanjani idolobha lase-Biscayan phakathi neMpi Yombango, amasonto ngaphambi kokuqhunyiswa kwebhomu u-Picasso akwenza kungabonakali emdwebeni wakhe odumile. Ngakho-ke uMartínez de Lezea uqokomisa isilonda kwinkumbulo yesi-Basque, ngokubona kwakhe, ehlehlisiwe ngemuva emcabangweni ohlangene.
Eceleni kwalezi zindawo zomlando, le ncwadi ihlanganisa iziza eziseduze nesimanje ngisho nekusasa. Emibhalweni efana ne “Umdidiyeli”Isibonelo, umbhali ukhuluma ngokuthatheka kwesimanje ngobuchwepheshe nezikrini, ekhombisa ukuthi ukuncika kudijithali kungenza kanjani impilo yansuku zonke ibe yizimo ezicindezelayo. Kukhona nezindaba ezibheke ekhulwini lama-22 elizayo, lapho umbhali eqagela khona ngezinguquko zezenhlalo nezomuntu siqu ezingalethwa yinqubekela phambili.
Abesifazane, inkumbulo yomndeni kanye nobufazi ku-"Voices"
Eziningi zezindaba zibandakanya... abalingiswa besifazane bamaphrofayili ahlukene kakhuluUmbhali uchaza lokhu kalula: uyaqonda ukuthi kusho ukuthini ukuba ngowesifazane kangcono, ngakho-ke, uzizwa ekhululekile ukunikeza izwi kulokho okuhlangenwe nakho. Lokhu akusho ukuthi amadoda ahlehlisiwe, kodwa ukuba khona kwabesifazane abanamandla, abaphikisanayo, noma abasengozini kuphawuleka ngokukhethekile.
Omunye wemibhalo ekhokhiswa kakhulu umuntu uqobo unikezelwe ku- Umama wombhali, uJulia García Martínez de Albéniz, owesifazane wokuqala ukuwina umqhudelwano we-Spanish Women’s 100m Freestyle Championship ngo-1945. Le ndaba, enesihloko esithi "Umbhukudi", ihlelwe eminyakeni yempi nangenkathi yangemva kwempi futhi yakha kabusha umsebenzi womsubathi owayebhukuda, oqeqeshwe futhi ohamba namadoda ngesikhathi lapho umphakathi wawungaluthandi lolu hlobo lokuziphatha.
Umbhali ulandisa ukuthi unina wathwala kanjani izingubo zokubhukuda ezingenazo iziketi ezinamathele emzimbeni Lapho ephuma emanzini, wayezokwenza into engqubuzana nemithetho ebusayo, eyayigunyaza iziketi ezifika emadolweni futhi zihlukanise izikhathi zokubhukuda kwabesilisa nabesifazane. E-Vitoria-Gasteiz, uyakhumbula, ukugxekwa ayebhekene nakho kwakunonya, kodwa lokhu akuzange kumvimbele ukuba aqhubeke nokuncintisana futhi avikele ilungelo lakhe lokuzijwayeza lo mdlalo ayewuthanda.
Nakuba u-Toti Martínez de Lezea evuma lokho gwema ukubhala ngowakho umndeni Ukuze agweme ukuhileleka ngokweqile, wenze okuhlukile kulokhu. Uthatha unina njengomunye wabesifazane abakhonze kakhulu empilweni yakhe futhi ubona endabeni yakhe isibonelo esicacile salokho esingakubiza ngokuthi ubufazi namuhla: ukulwa nokujabulela amathuba afana nabesilisa kanye nokukwazi ukuthuthukisa ubizo ngaphandle kokudela ubuwena.
Ngale komkhakha womndeni, le ncwadi ihlanganisa nezindaba zabanye besifazane zokulwa ukuze bangene ezimeni ezinobutha: abesifazane abasebasha ababhekana nokuqina kokuziphatha kwezenkolo, Abesifazane abalinyazwa ukuzingela abathakathi Futhi i-paranoia ye-Inquisitorial, abalingisi abashiya cishe yonke into ukuze baphumelele futhi bathole isizungu ngakolunye uhlangothi lokunqoba, noma abantu abangaziwa abasekela impilo yansuku zonke buthule. Zonke zineqhaza esithombeni esiqoqiwe sokuhlangenwe nakho kwabesifazane phakathi namakhulu eminyaka.
Ukulandisa kwesimanje: ubuchwepheshe, amandla, kanye nesifiso sokuthuthuka komphakathi
Ngokwemibandela yesimanje, Imisindo Icubungula ezindabeni ezithinta ikakhulukazi ku Umphakathi waseSpain nowaseYurophu namuhlaEndabeni ethi "Umhleli," isibonelo, umbhali ubonisa impilo yomuntu othathwe umhlaba wedijithali, ongakwazi ukunqamula kumadivayisi nezikrini. Ngalo mlingiswa, wethula ukugxekwa kwalokho okubizwa “ngobumpumputhe bezobuchwepheshe,” lokho kuncika, ngezinye izikhathi, kusivimbela ukuba singaboni ngale kwalokhu okwenzeka ngaleso sikhathi.
Ezinye izindaba zima kancane ukungezwani kwamandla, imali, nodumoKunezindaba zemibhangqwana engqubuzana ngokulawula nokuqashelwa emphakathini, izinganekwane zabantu abasha ubuhlobo babo obuphela ngokudabukisayo, amacebo omzabalazo wokuthuthuka komphakathi nganoma iyiphi indlela, neziqephu lapho ubugovu bufiphalisa khona umugqa phakathi kwesifiso sokuvelela esiphusile nokuthatheka.
Umbhali akakuxwayi amahlaya, kodwa uwasebenzisa ngokucophelela ukuze agweme ukululaza isihloko. Iziqephu eziningi zigcwele ukucwayiza okuhlekisayo nokuhlekisayo Lezi zindlela zobuchwepheshe zidambisa ukushuba kwezindaba ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa umbono wokubaluleka kwezindikimba eziwumsuka. Umphumela uba uchungechunge lwezindaba ezingafundwa ngokushesha kodwa zishiye umbono ohlala njalo, okhuthaza ukuzindla ngokuziphatha komuntu, ukuguquguquka kwamandla, kanye nokungqubuzana kwempilo yesimanje.
Ivolumu ihlanganisa nezinhlamvu ezifudukayo, njenge iNdiya elihlala kude nekhayaUwuphawu lwabantu abaningi abashiya amadolobhana abo aseYurophu befuna ikusasa elingcono. Okuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe kusebenzela ukuhlola i-nostalgia, ukushaqeka kwamasiko, kanye nalokho akulindele—izindaba ezisalokhu zisekhona eYurophu ephawulwa ukufuduka.
Ukuphila kwansuku zonke, ikakhulukazi kwabesifazane abaningi abondla imindeni futhi babambe imisebenzi ngokuqashelwa okuncane, kuvela njengentambo eqhubekayo. Ngalezi zindaba, u-Martínez de Lezea ugxila kukho amaqiniso abonakala emancane kodwa kaningi, okuvame ukuhlala ngaphandle kwezindaba ezinhle zomlando nezombangazwe.
Izinganekwane, iBhayibheli, nezincazelo kabusha ngokombono wobulili
Indaba yokugcina yencwadi iphakamisa uhlobo inganekwane ngemvelaphi yowesifazane wokuqala, lapho umbhali enza inkhulumomphendvulwano no imibhalo yeBhayibheli namasiko angaqondakali. Iqala embonweni wokuthi, ngolimi lokuqala lweBhayibheli, ayikhulumi ngokudalwa “komuntu” kodwa “ngomuntu,” futhi kusukela lapho ingena ezincazelweni zeKabbalah yamaJuda.
Leli siko liyabalula ULilith njengowesifazane wokuqala owadalwa eceleni kuka-AdamuUmuntu ovukela ukuzithoba futhi agcine exoshiwe, aguqulwe ngokomfanekiso abe “umama wabo bonke abathakathi.” Umbhali uphinda le nganekwane ukuze acabange ngokuzimela kwabesifazane, ukubukelwa phansi kwalabo abangazamukeli izindima ezimisiwe, kanye nokwakhiwa kwesiko lokungalaleli.
Indaba idlulela ku U-Eva kusukela kuGenesise kuze kube namuhlaIdlala nomehluko phakathi kwezindaba ezixoxwayo zenkolo zakudala kanye nokukhathazeka kwangaleso sikhathi, le ncwadi ihlobanisa izithombe eziseBhayibhelini nezimpikiswano zamanje eYurophu, njengokulingana kobulili, umthelela wesiko lenkolo ekuphileni kwansuku zonke, kanye nokuchazwa kabusha kwezinganekwane ngokwemibono ehlanganisayo.
UMartínez de Lezea ucacisa ukuthi ubhala ikakhulukazi ngabantu besifazane "ngoba yilokho akwaziyo" futhi mayelana nama-Basques "ngoba ungubani," amukele umbono wendawo ngokuzwakalayo kwendawo yonke. Ngokusebenzisa abalingiswa bakhe, uphinda avakashele izimpawu, izinganekwane, nezindimana zomlando ezilolonge isiko laseNtshonalanga, ephakamisa ukufundwa okuhlukile nokunye okuvuleleke kakhudlwana.
Le nhlanganisela yezici zezenkolo, zomlando, nezansuku zonke kunikeza wonke a ubukhulu obungokomfanekiso okuhambisana nesakhiwo sezindaba ngaphandle kokuphendula incwadi ibe indaba. Yonke into ihlelwa ngenganekwane, ivumela umfundi ukuthi abhekane nalezi zinkinga ngaphandle kokudinga ulwazi olukhethekile.
Ubuciko, umcabango, nokuzibophezela endabeni emfushane
Kuyo yonke isethulo sika ImisindoUmbhali ugcizelela umbono owodwa: Ukubhala kuwumsebenzi wezandlaUkushintsha izinkathi, abalingiswa, nezilungiselelo endabeni ngayinye kudinga, uthi, ingxube yesiyalo nemicabango. Lokhu kuguquguquka okuqhubekayo kwesimo kuyingxenye yokuqonda kwakhe umsebenzi wombhalo, ngale kokuphefumulelwa kwesikhashana nje.
Mayelana nalokhu, umhleli u-JA Iturri, wase-Erein, ugcizelela ikhono likaMartínez de Lezea ukumangala ngezindaba ezintsha kanye nethalente lakhe lokuthatha kabusha umoya wakudala wendaba emfushane. Ngokombono wakhe, imibhalo ye Imisindo Afana "namanoveli amancane ayishumi nanhlanu" lapho umbhali eveza amandla okulandisa afanayo nalawo asemisebenzini yakhe emide, kodwa aguqulelwe kwesinye isikali.
Umbhali uyavuma ukuthi indaba ingahlulelwa ngayo lukhuni ukwedlula inoveliImpela ngenxa yalokhu kuhlangana kwezakhi emakhasini ambalwa nje. Encwadini yakhe, uveza ukuthi kunendawo yokugxila ekuchazeni okuningiliziwe kwezindawo nezimo; endabeni emfushane, ngakolunye uhlangothi, umuntu kufanele afinyelele iphuzu ngaphandle kokudela umoya, odinga ukunakekelwa okwedlulele ekukhetheni umusho ngamunye.
Nakuba umphakathi usubonise ukukhetha okuthile kumanoveli iminyaka, uMartínez de Lezea ubona ukushintsha kwethrendi phakathi kwabafundiabakuthokozelayo ukuthola izindaba ezinohlonze ezingafundwa ngezikhathi ezimfushane. Kulo mongo, ukuzibophezela kwabo ezindabeni ezimfushane akukona nje okomuntu siqu, kodwa futhi kuyimpendulo ezinhlotsheni ezintsha zokufunda ezisungulwa eSpain nakwamanye amazwe aseYurophu.
cunt Imisindo kanye nenguqulo yayo yesi-Basque AhotsakU-Toti Martínez de Lezea wengeza isahluko esisha emsebenzini omakwe ukulandisa okungokomlando nokugxila ekulondolozeni inkumbulo yendawo ezungezile. Incwadi ihlanganisa ndawonye Izindaba eziyishumi nanhlanu ezihamba phakathi kwenkathi edlule nekusasa, ngentambo evamile ecacile: ukuhlolwa kwezimpilo zabantu abavamile nabangavamile, ikakhulukazi abesifazane, ababhekana nesikhathi sabo ngamahlaya, isibindi kanye nokuphikisana kwabantu kakhulu.
