U-Eduardo Mendoza uphinde waba sendaweni ephambili endabeni yezincwadi Ngenoveli entsha, izingxoxo eziveza obala, kanye nempikiswano yamasiko eye yavusa impikiswano eCatalonia, umbhali ozalelwe eBarcelona, engasenakuthatha umhlalaphansi, uyaqhubeka nokubhala izincwadi, anikeze imicabango ehlekisayo ngezenzakalo zamanje, futhi anikeze imibono engashiyi muntu engenandaba. Njengoba eneminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi ayisishiyagalombili ubudala, usasebenza.
Isiqu sakhe esisha, "I-Intrigue of the Inconvenient Funeral" (Seix Barral)Le noveli ibuyisa lo mseshi odumile ongenagama futhi imfaka ogibeni lwenkohlakalo yezezimali, amaphutha obugebengu, kanye nabalingiswa abangenasisekelo, konke kubekwe eBarcelona ehlangana nokuhleleka nokungahlelekile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uMendoza uphinde wavuselela impikiswano mayelana nokuthi yini okufanele ibizwe ngo-Ephreli 23, ekhuthaza ukuthi ibizwe ngokuthi Usuku Lwezincwadi esikhundleni seSant Jordi, amagama abangele izimpendulo ezithukuthele ezivela emibuthanweni yezombusazwe zaseCatalan.
Umngcwabo onzima, intatheli ekhonondayo, kanye nozungu lwezezimali
Inhlansi ye-"The Intrigue of the Inconvenient Funeral" ivutha endlini yomngcwaboUmngcwabo omncane, obanjelwe ekhoneni lendawo yokupaka, uqalisa uchungechunge lwezinto ezingenangqondo ezigcina ziveze uhlelo lwezezimali olusezingeni eliphezulu. URamoncito Valenzuela osemusha, intatheli eqeqeshwayo, ubhala isihloko esibonakala singabalulekile mayelana nomngcwabo wephephandaba lendawo, futhi ngenxa yalokho, uxoshwa ngokushesha ezinsukwini zakhe zokuqala emsebenzini.
Lokho okubonakala sengathi indaba yomsebenzi kuba yimbangela yophenyo oluhlanyayo. URamoncito ngokungazi ubangela ukusabela kochungechunge Kudonsela osomabhizinisi, abefundisi, izigebengu, abashintsha izingubo zabo, abathengisa ngocingo, kanye namaphoyisa amadala asetshenzisiwe, bonke babanjwe ozalweni lapho kungekho muntu ofuna iqiniso livele khona. Okuqala njengesehlakalo esincane kuba nzima kakhulu, kwembula inethiwekhi yokuzenza umuntu ongeyena, ukuhweba okuyimfihlo kobugebengu, kanye nokuhlanzwa kwemali, konke kubhekene neziqhingi ezingamanga e-Indian Ocean.
Enkabeni ye-tangle kuvela kabusha umphenyi odumile ongenalo igama, enye yezinto ezidalwe kakhulu nguMendoza kusukela ngaleso sikhathi Imfihlakalo ye-haunted cryptEsethathe umhlalaphansi, esekhulile, esejwayele inqubo ethule nehlelekile, ubuyela esenzweni cishe ngokumelene nentando yakhe. Umbhali ngokwakhe uyavuma ukuthi ungumbono wakhe ohlukile: ungumuntu oyisiwula, odidekile, onesibindi, ohlakaniphile futhi onesibindi kunaye, onenhlanhla engcono kakhulu kwabesifazane futhi ozimisele ukumenzela lokho umbhali wakhe onamahloni futhi onemikhuba emihle angeke azivumele ukuba akwenze.
Kanye nomseshi noRamoncito, Iqembu labalingiswa abahle lidlulaUmpristi ohlanganisa izinkulumo zakhe ngemisho yesiLatini; owayengumhloli uJarana, umdwebi wezingubo ezihlanganisiwe obizwa ngegama elithi Manola; indodakazi yomngcwabi wengcwaba ozibiza ngoGucci, yize igama lakhe langempela linguTitina, futhi ogcina ethunjiwe; kanye nomthengisi wezingcingo waseLatin America ogama lakhe linguWinston, isisebenzi senkampani yocingo i-Elgordi SA, ofaka isandla ekuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe ekuthunjweni kwansuku zonke. Ngalaba badlali, uMendoza wakha izingxoxo ezisheshayo nezimo ezingenangqondo ezisebenza njengehlaya elibi lenkohlakalo yezinkampani kanye nesiphithiphithi sezepolitiki nezenhlalo.
Amahlaya, ukubhuqa kanye nesiko le-picaresque ngesitayela se-Barcelona
Le noveli ihamba ngaphakathi kwaleyo ngxube ephawulekayo yokuhlekisa, ubuwula, kanye nokucaca kokuziphatha. okwenze iMendoza yaba yisibonelo saseYurophu sokuhlekisa ngezincwadi. Umbhali ugcizelela ukuthi ukwenza abantu bahleke kuwumsebenzi ongathi sína, cishe ongowobuciko: ihlaya kanye nesimo esingenangqondo kusebenza kuphela uma umfundi ewamukela umdlalo kusukela ekuqaleni futhi egcina isivumelwano sokubambisana nomlandisi esifana nalesi esitholakala ezindabeni ezifana nalezi Imhlophe qhwa noma ezindabeni zamaGothic ezifana DraculaUma ungavumelani nenkolelo-mbono—yokuthi lo mngcwabo omubi ungabangela uzungu olungenangqondo—indaba iyaphela.
Amahlaya kaMendoza asuselwa ku inoveli yaseSpain ebhalwe ngendlela ye-picaresque kanye nemisebenzi yabalobi baseFrance bekhulu le-18Njengoba uCervantes eyimvelaphi yakhe engenakugwenywa, umbhali, ngaphandle kokulahla isiko, uyaziqhelelanisa nedrama enesizotha eyayibusa iningi lezincwadi zekhulu le-19 futhi usikhumbuza ukuthi, eSpain, amahlaya ahlala amashumi eminyaka eshashalazini, emakhomidini kaMihura kanye nenkampani. Uletha lowo moya wokudlala endabeni, ebonisa ukuthi umuntu angakhuluma ngomzabalazo weklasi, inkohlakalo, inkumbulo yomlando, noma ukususwa kobukoloni ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa umuzwa wakhe wokuhlekisa.
En "Icebo lomngcwabo ongafaneleki" libuyisa ibhalansi ephawulekayo yendlu.Lokho okubonakala sengathi kuyihlaya lamaphoyisa elilula ekuqaleni kuqukethe ukugxekwa komphakathi okungenacala. Inkohlakalo yezezimali, amasela amancane, kanye nobuqili obuhlobene nemali kuvezwa ngendlela ehlekisayo engafihli ubukhali bokuxilongwa. UMendoza uhleka usulu osomabhizinisi abonakele abazibiza ngokuthi bangabantu bokugcina abathandanayo ngezikhathi zobuzenzisi, futhi ugcizelela isiko elithile laseSpain lokufuna ukuceba ngaphandle kokusebenza, lokuzwelana nomuntu ohlakaniphile ongena ngokunyenya futhi akhohlise.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umbhali ugwema ukuba nemizwa elula. Imizwa ezincwadini zakhe incane, cishe ihlazo.ezifihla ngemuva kwamahlaya nokungenangqondo. Uma ekhuluma ngothando, isibonelo, ukwenza lokho ngemisho efana nokuwa othandweni ngesibindi kabili noma kathathu, ohlakaniphile kanye kuphela, kanye nonamahloni angalokothi, egcinela iziwula—phakathi kwazo azihlanganisa ngokugcona—amathuba okuwa othandweni izikhathi ezingaphezu kwezintathu, ngisho nangosuku olufanayo.
IBarcelona, indawo eqinile nephucuzekile ngesikhathi esisodwa
IBarcelona iphinde yaba ngumlingiswa oyinhloko emsebenzini kaMendoza.. Kusuka Idolobha lama-prodigies Ngisho nasezincwadini zakhe ezingavamile, inhloko-dolobha yaseCatalan ibonakala njengendawo ebumba isiphetho sabalingiswa bakhe abaphambili. Ku-"The Intrigue of the Inconvenient Funeral," idolobha lisebenza njengesizinda semingcwabo edabukisayo endaweni yokupaka izimoto zemingcwabo, izindawo zokuphuza ezinyamalele ezithathelwe indawo yizindawo zokuphumula ze-ayisikhilimu zezivakashi, kanye nezindawo lapho ukuhlonishwa kobunxiwankulu kuhambisana khona nenkumbulo yeBarcelona manje esecishe isuswe, enolaka.
Kumbhali, IBarcelona yobuntwana bakhe yayiyindawo empofu, engcolile, futhi enabantu abaningi abavakashela izindawo eziningi.idolobha lesibili lapho abahambi bakwamanye amazwe babedlula khona endleleni eya eSeville noma kwezinye izindawo "ezivame ukuba yiSpain". IPalau de la Música yayingenalutho ingxenye. I-Casa Batllo Yayinelabhorethri yokuhlaziya igazi, futhi idolobha lalihlala libheke olwandle. Eminyakeni edlule, lelo dolobha elimpunga liye laphenduka umbukiso wamazwe ngamazwe: IBarcelona yanquma ukwenza isithombe sayo sibe umsebenzi, nakho konke okuhilelekile.
Namuhla, iMendoza ichaza lokhu ngokuthi inhlanganisela ephelele yedolobha eliphucuzekile nelihlelekile, kanye nedolobha elinobugovu nelingaphansi komhlaba wesithathu.Uyasazisa isimo sezulu salo, ukudla okuhle, ubungane obulinganiselwe babantu balo, kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezinsizakalo zalo. Ubheka kude kakhulu ezokuvakasha eziningi kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwabantu okuxosha izakhamuzi ezindaweni zazo, kodwa akanalo uthando olufana nolwesikhathi esidlule oluqinisekisa iBarcelona okuthiwa iyiqiniso: uyakhumbula ukuthi leso sikhathi esidlule esilahlekile, empeleni, sasinzima kakhulu kunalokho okuvezwayo manje.
Ezingxoxweni zakhe zakamuva, umbhali uveza izikhala zangempela neziphambene, njengokuthi ama-cafe lapho abesilisa abashintsha ubulili bahlangana khona, eholwa nguCarmen de MairenaAbagundi bezinwele bomakhelwane, oprofesa baseyunivesithi, kanye nemindeni yamaRoma—izigcawu eziphinde zavela ziguquliwe ezincwadini zakhe. Uphinde ahlekise ngentshiseko yomphakathi yedolobha, ekwazi ukuguqula iPhalamende libe umshini wokudlulisa izinqumo ezinkulu mayelana nobumpofu bomhlaba ngenkathi impilo yansuku zonke iqhubeka phakathi kwezivakashi, amaqembu alandelanayo, kanye nemibhikisho eyahlukahlukene.
Ukubuya okuqhubekayo komuntu osolwa ngokuthatha umhlalaphansi
U-Eduardo Mendoza ubelokhu ememezela ukuthi usethathe umhlalaphansi ekubhaleni amanoveli iminyaka eminingi.Kodwa umhlalaphansi uyamphunyuka. Yena ngokwakhe uyavuma ngokuhlekisa: uhlushwa ukungakwazi ukuzibamba kwezincwadi. Lapho nje eyeka ukubhala, amazwi nemibono kuyanqwabelana ekhanda lakhe, futhi uzizwa esezoqhuma. Uthi amaphrojekthi ayisishiyagalolunye kwayishumi aqalayo aphelela emfucumfucwini, kodwa izincwadi ezintsha ziyaqhubeka nokuvela, ziphikisana nezithembiso zakhe zokuvalelisa okuqinisekile.
Ngemuva kwalokho Izimpicabadala ezintathu zenhlangano, esevele iphawule ukubuyiselwa kwemali ngemuva kwesimemezelo sokuqala sokuhoxa, Incwadi ethi "The Intrigue of the Inconvenient Funeral" iyinoveli yesibili ayishicilele selokhu athi wayelenga ipeni lakhe.Phakathi naleso sikhathi, wathola umklomelo wezincwadi i-Princess of Asturias Award futhi wanikeza uchungechunge lwezingxoxo lapho avuma khona ukuthi akazi ukuthi angayeka kanjani ukusebenza. Kuye, ukuthatha umhlalaphansi kunengxenye ejabulisayo—ukukhululeka ezibophweni ezithile—kanye nohlangothi oluphazamisayo: wenzani umuntu owayevame ukuvuka noma nini lapho ethanda, enomsebenzi awujabulelayo, uma ephoqelekile ukungawenzi?
UMendoza ugcina isiyalo esingavamile: Ubhala nsuku zonke, yize engazi njalo ukuthi lokho anakho kuzoba yinoveli, indaba emfushane, noma ukuhlolwa okulula.Uyavuma ukuthi enye yezinto ezilahleka ngokuguga ikhono lokuzijabulisa, futhi ukubhala sekuyindlela yakhe yokugcwalisa amahora abezomcindezela kakhulu. Okwamanje, ukhetha ukungamemezeli noma yimaphi amaphrojekthi amasha; uthi okwamanje akasebenzi kunoma yini ethile nokuthi, uma umbono uqhubeka, uzolandela inkambo yawo ngaphandle kokuhlela okuningi kusengaphambili.
Lokhu kuntuleka kokuhlela kuyabonakala nasenqubweni yokudala yenoveli yakhe yakamuva. Uyavuma ukuthi ubhala ngaphandle kohlaka, ezivumela ukuba aqondiswe yinoma yini efika engqondweni.kuze kufike eqophelweni lokufinyelela ekugcineni kwencwadi ngaphandle kokucacisa ngokuphelele ukuthi kwenzekani endabeni. Usho lokhu ngaphandle kwedrama, njengengxenye yomdlalo: kuye, ukuqala ukubhala ngaphandle komphumela ukungaqiniseki kuphambene nomongo wezincwadi, isifundo asisho kuJuan Benet futhi azame ukusisebenzisa kusukela ekuqaleni.
Kusukela kuSuku Lwezincwadi kuya eSant Jordi: ihlaya elavusa ezombusazwe zaseCatalan
Ukukhuthazwa kwencwadi ethi "The Intrigue of the Inconvenient Funeral" kuphawulwe ngempikiswano engahlobene nendaba yenoveli.kodwa igxile kakhulu ekhalendeni lamasiko aseCatalan. Ngesikhathi sesethulo sencwadi eBarcelona, uMendoza waphikisana ngokuthi kufanele kubizwe umhla zingama-23 kuMbasa Usuku lwencwadi hhayi uSant Jordi, ngaleyo ndlela ebuyisa igama, akhumbulayo, elalisetshenziswa ngokwesiko ngaphambi kokuba osanta "ahileleke" osukwini.
Ngokuhlekisa kwakhe okuhlukile, Uthe iSant Jordi "ayinandawo" ngosuku olunikezelwe ezincwadini nakubabhaliWaveza ukuthi, ngokusho kwenganekwane, uSaint George "wayengumuntu ohlukumeza izilwane" ngenxa yokubhekana kwakhe nodrako, futhi cishe wayengakwazi ukufunda. Wagcizelela ukuthi uSaint George akayena uSaint George osekela abalobi—ukuthi indima ingekaSaint Francis de Sales—futhi waveza ukuzimisela kwakhe ukuqala umkhankaso wokuyeka ukubhekisela kuSaint George kodwa nje kuSuku Lwezincwadi Lomhlaba.
Lezi zitatimende zaphindwa ngokushesha ezinkundleni zokuxhumana kanye nakwezepolitiki. Abaholi bamaqembu obuzwe aseCatalan baphumele obala bavikela leli holideBagcizelele ukuthi iSant Jordi ingaphezu nje kophawu: kubo, usuku iCatalonia eziveza ngalo emhlabeni ngezincwadi zayo, ulimi lwayo, kanye nobuntu bayo. Kusukela kulo mbono, basola umlobi ngokuzama ukungabi nancazelo ngosuku abalubheka njengokubonakaliswa okumsulwa kwesiko lamaCatalan.
Amanye amazwi ayenolaka kakhulu, aze afike ezingeni lokuhumusha amazwi kaMendoza njengokubonakaliswa kokwedelela okusolwayo kukaFrancois ngobuCatalan. Umbhali, yena, ugcizelele kamuva ukuthi kwakuyihlaya., indlela yokuhlambalaza yokuveza ukuthi umfanekiso wosanta uqoke umkhosi, ekuqaleni kwawo, owawukhumbula ukufa kukaCervantes noShakespeare futhi wagxila ezincwadini, hhayi ezimangalisweni noma ezidrakweni.
Isiphepho esincane sabezindaba esizungeze umhla zingama-23 kuMbasa sinezela kwezinye izikhathi lapho Amazwana akhe avuse isidleke somhosha womphakathi...njengalapho ehlekisa ngokuthanda kwakhe ukulwa nezinkunzi noma ekwenza kube lula ukwanda kwemiklomelo yezincwadi eyizigidi zamaRandi. Naphezu komsindo, uMendoza ubonakala ezimisele kakhulu kunokulwa: uyazi ukuthi uSant Jordi umlindele minyaka yonke ngemigqa yabafundi abafuna i-autograph, futhi uyakwamukela ukuthi, noma ngabe ukubiza ngani, lolo suku luzoqhubeka nokuba umcimbi onzima kunoma ubani oshicilela eCatalonia.
Imiklomelo, ezombusazwe kanye nokubuka ngokujulile iSpain nomhlaba
Ukuqashelwa kweMendoza yisikhungo kuhlanganiswe ne-Princess of Asturias Award for Literature., okunezela kuMklomelo kaCervantes, uMklomelo wePlaneta kakade eminye imiklomelo kazwelonke neyamazwe ngamazweNaphezu kwalolu hlu olude lwezici ezinhle, ubudlelwano bakhe nodumo buhlukile: ugubha impumelelo yakhe, uyakujabulela ukubona amaqembu anezibalo zokuthengisa ezihlaba umxhwele futhi uyavuma ukuthi uyawathanda ama-award, kodwa uthi ukuba ngumfundi ofuna izinto eziningi kumgomele ezingqondweni ezithile zobukhulu.
Ekuveleni kwakhe emphakathini muva nje, umbhali uzivumele Ezinye zezizindlo zezombusazwe ezixoxwa kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ngokungezwani eSpain.Uphikisana ngokuthi kukhona "umsindo ongajwayelekile" ogxile eMadrid, oqhutshwa yizinkulumo eziqinile kanye nezinkulumo ezivusa ulaka, kuyilapho ngaphandle kwenhloko-dolobha isimo sibonakala sizolile. Ucaphuna indaba yaseCatalonia, lapho ekholelwa khona ukuthi ukuhlanganiswa kokubusa kobusoshiyali kanye nezivumelwano zezepolitiki kuye kunciphisa ukungezwani ngemva kweminyaka enzima kakhulu yenhlangano yokuzimela.
Ngaphandle kokukhuluma ngamagama afanele ngezinye izikhathi, Ubhekisele kumongameli waseMadrid ngokungaqondile. Ukhuluma ngesitayela sezombusazwe esikhulisa ukungezwani. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uyavuma ukuthi isizukulwane sonke sibone izinhlelo zaso zokuphila ziwohloka ngenxa yochungechunge lwezinkinga, indawo yokuzalela, ngokusho kwakhe, echaza kangcono ukuvela kwamaqembu angakwesokudla eYurophu.
Umbono wakhe ngoGuquko uhlukile: Akabelani ngendaba eyinhlekelele emveza njengesehluleki esipheleleUkhumbula ukuthi kwakuneziningana zekusasa ezingaba khona nokuthi, naphezu kwamaphutha alo, umphumela wawunengqondo uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinqubo zomlando. Kodwa-ke, uyavuma ukuthi amathambo ashiywe ekhabetheni aphinde avela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, nokuthi ukukhuphuka komphakathi kanye nenzuzo esheshayo kwaqala kalula empilweni yomphakathi yaseSpain.
Ngaphandle kwendawo, iMendoza ikhombisa Nginombono ongemuhle ngesimo somhlaba, kodwa ngimangazwe ukuthi izinto zihamba kahle njengoba zinjaloNjengomfundi othanda kakhulu umlando, uveza ukuthi ubudlova, izimpi, nokuhlasela akuyona into entsha yesikhathi sethu, kodwa yinto eqhubekayo emlandweni wesintu namuhla ethatha izindlela ezisebenza kahle kwezobuchwepheshe. Okumangazayo, uthi, akukhona ukuthi konke kubi kakhulu, kodwa ukuthi, uma sibheka isimo sethu, sisakwazi ukunakekela izitimela, imigwaqo, izibhedlela, noma ngisho nokuhlala ndawonye okungenani.
Ezingxoxweni ezifana nalezo eziku- inkumbulo yomlando, ukususwa kobukoloni noma izimpi zombango zakudala zaseSpain, Umbhali ubhekisela embonweni wesikhathiUkhumbula ukuthi izindaba zogogo nomkhulu wakhe ngamaCarlist zazizwakala njengefilimu yokuzijabulisa, futhi ukholelwa ukuthi into efanayo iyenzeka namuhla ngeMpi Yombango yezizukulwane ezisencane: ulimi lwezepolitiki lwangaleso sikhathi, olunezinkulumo ezinjengokuthi “amabutho abomvu” noma “ukuvukela kwesizwe okukhazimulayo”, kubonakala kuye sengathi yinsalela yolimi, imnyuziyamu kaFrancoism efakwe emsakazweni nakuthelevishini yobuntwana bakhe.
Ngokuphathelene nekhono lokuhlekisa nezincwadi lokuthuthukisa isimo samanje, UMendoza akathembi lutho.Uyakwamukela ukuthi izincwadi namahlaya ngeke neze kumise izimpi noma izinkinga, kodwa uthi okungenani kusiza ukubheka iqiniso ngenhlanganisela yebanga nokucaca okungenzeka, okuvumela umuntu ukuthi abhekane kangcono nonya lomlando kanye nezombusazwe zansuku zonke.
Phakathi kwemingcwabo yezinga lesithathu, abaseshi abangenamagama, kanye nezingxoxo ngabangcwele nezincwadiU-Eduardo Mendoza usalokhu eyizwi eliyingqayizivele endaweni yokubhala yaseSpain naseYurophu. Ngokuhlanganiswa okufanayo kwamahloni, ukuhlekisa, kanye nokungabaza okuxakile okuye kwahambisana naye kusukela eminyakeni yakhe eNew York, uyaqhubeka nokubhala nsuku zonke, ecabanga kabusha ngeBarcelona futhi ekhuluma imisho ngezinye izikhathi ekhipha izivunguvungu. Inoveli yakhe entsha iqinisekisa ukuthi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi usethathe umhlalaphansi noma cha, uyaqhubeka nokuthuthukisa amahlaya aveza kahle izwe lapho inkohlakalo ihambisana khona nobuqhophololo, ukukhumbula izinto zakudala kanye nokuhlonishwa, kanye nokugubha izincwadi ngezimpi ezingokomfanekiso ezidlula kude udrako ne-rose.
