El Udokotela nombhali waseScotland u-Arthur Conan DoyleUDavid Benny, odumile ngokudala uSherlock Holmes, ubuyela ezitolo zezincwadi zaseSpain enesici esingaziwa kakhulu: esomlobi wezincwadi zesibhakela. Izindaba ezivela eRingini, itholwe ngumshicileli I-Almuzara izoshicilelwa ngabakwaLibros de Ruta.Ifika ezitolo zezincwadi ngesiphakamiso esihlanganisa ezemidlalo, ukulandisa okuvamile kanye nokungezwani kokuziphatha phakathi kwendandatho.
Ikude kakhulu nobugebengu base-221B Baker Street, lo mqulu we- I-192 páginas Kuhlanganisa izindaba ezine lapho uDoyle esebenzisa khona indandatho ukukhuluma ngayo udumo, isiyalo, kanye nokuqina komuntuLezi akuzona izindaba ezilula zezibhakela: ukulwa ngakunye kusebenza njengesivivinyo sobuntu, isigaba lapho izingxabano zomphakathi, izinkinga zomuntu siqu kanye nokungqubuzana phakathi kwesiko kanye nesimanje kuxazululwa khona.
Umbhali wobugebengu nezimfihlakalo owayephila futhi ephefumulela isibhakela ngaphakathi.
Iningi labantu lihlobanisa igama elithi Arthur Conan Doyle nomphenyi odumile kakhulu ezincwadini, kodwa umlando wakhe unezinhlangothi eziningi kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho indima yakhe njengodokotelaU-Scotsman, umbhali wezincwadi zomlando, umbhali wezindaba zesayensi, kanye nombhali wemidlalo, wayengumuntu odumile nothando ngesibhakela, umdlalo ayewenza njengomdlali ongeyena umlandeli futhi awulandela eduze eYurophu nase-United States ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20.
Lokho kubandakanyeka kwakungagcini nje ngokuba umbukeli ezinkundleni: UDoyle waze wangena eringini wathuthela ezindilinga zesibhakela zesikhathi sakhe, okwamenza wazuza. ukuqashelwa emhlabeni wesibhakelaUlwazi lwakhe lobuchwepheshe lwadlula okungaphezulu, into ebonakala ngokunemba achaza ngakho abaqaphi, izitayela kanye nezindlela zokulwa, okungavamile kakhulu ezincwadini zesikhathi sakhe.
Umzuzu wokugcina walobo budlelwano nebhokisi wafika 1909, lapho kwakunjalo bamenywe ngokusemthethweni ukuba babe ngumpempe empini yomqhudelwano womhlaba we-heavyweight phakathi kukaJack Johnson noJames Jeffries, okwabanjelwa eReno, eNevada, e-USA. Leyo mpi, eyayigcwele ukungezwani ngokobuhlanga nabezindaba, yaphawula ingqophamlando emlandweni wezemidlalo futhi yashiya uphawu olucacile embonweni wombhali wezincwadi.
Lokhu okuhlangenwe nakho okuqondile nge-quadrilateral kuchaza ukuthi kungani Izindaba zakhe mayelana nesibhakela ziveza ukujuluka, ukukhathala, kanye nomthelela ngeqiniso elingavamile. Abagxeki nabahleli bayavuma ukuthi, lapho bezifunda, umphakathi "uzizwa" ukukhathala ngokomzimba kwabadlali bamabhokisi kanye nengcindezi yomphakathi, ngale nje kwencazelo yezibhakela ezibekwe kahle.
ESpain nakwamanye amazwe aseYurophu, lapho umsebenzi kaDoyle uvame ukutholakala khona ngohlobo lwezincwadi zobugebengu, lokhu kutholwa kabusha kuza njengoba ithuba lokwandisa isithombe sombhaliIzitolo zezincwadi ezigxile kwezemidlalo, izindaba zakudala, kanye nezincwadi zesiNgisi seziqalile kakade ukuzibeka ematafuleni anezihloko lapho indandatho yesibhakela ihlanganyela khona isikhala nengilazi yokukhulisa kaSherlock Holmes.
Uhlelo lwe-"Tales from the Ring" olufika ezitolo zezincwadi zaseSpain
Ukuhlelwa I-Almuzara, ngokusebenzisa imprint yayo ye-Libros de Ruta, ukhethe ukubuyisela leli qoqo ekusakazweni ngaphansi kwesihloko esithi Izindaba ezivela eRingini, enohlelo oluklanyelwe kokubili abafundi bezindaba zemidlalo Kubathandi bezincwadi zakudala. Umqulu, ofakwa kukhathalogi yezitolo zezincwadi zaseSpain kuleli sonto, uthola uhlangothi lombhali waseScotland olungakahlolwa kakhulu.
Iqoqo lihlanganisa ndawonye Izindaba ezine zisethwe esikhathini esibizwa ngokuthi i-golden age of boxing, kusukela ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 kuya emashumini eminyaka okuqala ekhulu lama-20. Indaba ngayinye ihambisana nesikhathi esihlukile emsebenzini kaDoyle, ngaleyo ndlela inikeza uhlobo lwemephu yokulandelana kobudlelwano bakhe ne-quadrilateral.
Izingcezu ezifakiwe yilezi "INkosi yaseCroxley" (1899), "INkosi yaseFalconbridge" (1909), "Ihlazo likaLord Barrymore" (1912) kanye nethi "Inkunzi yaseBrocas Court" (1921)Ngazo, umfundi angalandela ukuvela kwesitayela sakhe, esishintsha sisuka ekulandiseni komphakathi siye ezinganekwaneni zokuziphatha, ngezikhathi ezithile singene ezintweni ezingaphezu kwemvelo.
Umshicileli ugcizelela ukuthi le mibhalo ivumela «Thola ukuguquguquka kukaDoyle ngale kohlobo lobugebengu.". Ngesikhathi Sherlock Holmes Kuncike ekuthathweni okunengqondo kanye nokuhlaziywa okunengqondo kwezinkomba; kulezi zindaba, umphumela uyadlalwa. ngokukhuthazela ngokomzimba kanye namandla angokwengqondoIndandatho, esikhundleni sendawo yobugebengu, iba yindawo lapho kwembulwa khona izisusa zangempela zabalingiswa.
Ngalokhu kusimama, i-Libros de Ruta imprint iqinisa ukuzibophezela kwayo ku- izihloko ezixhumanisa ezemidlalo nezincwadiLe ndawo ithandwa kakhulu eSpain phakathi kwabafundi abafuna okungaphezu nje kombiko olula wemiphumela. Kulokhu, inhloso ukubuyisela endaweni yesehlakalo umsebenzi ochwepheshe abaningi abawubheka “njengowokufunda okubalulekile” kunoma ubani ofuna ukuqonda ukuthi isibhakela sangena kanjani ezincwadini eziqanjiwe zasekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20.
Izitezi ezine, izindlela ezine zokungena eringini
I-Los izindaba eziqoqwe kule qoqo Babelana ngokuba khona kwendandatho, kodwa bahlola izindawo ezihlukene kakhulu zezihloko. KuDoyle, isibhakela singaphezu nje kokushintshana ngezibhakela: siyilabhorethri yokulandisa lapho ehlola khona abalingiswa, ukungezwani komphakathi, kanye nezingxabano zangaphakathi ezazingahlolwa kalula kunoma yisiphi esinye isimo.
En "Inkosi kaCroxley"Yanyatheliswa ngo-1899, umlingiswa oyinhloko ungu- umfundi wezokwelapha ophoqeleka ukulwa ukuze akhokhele izifundo zakhe. Le mpi isebenza njengesifaniso se- umzabalazo wekilasi Futhi ngenxa yobunzima bezezimali, isihloko uDoyle ngokwakhe ayesazi mathupha ngesikhathi esakhula e-Edinburgh. Indandatho, kulokhu, iyindlela enzima yokushintsha impilo yakhe.
Ithoni ihluke kakhulu. "Isiqhwaga saseBrocas Court"lapho umbhali ehlanganisa khona uthando lwakhe lokushaya isibhakela nesimo esigcwele izakhi ezingaphezu kwemveloIndaba ilandisa ngokuhlangana phakathi komshayi-sibhakela osemusha nozidlayo waseVictoria kanye nomlwi ongaqondakali wesikhathi esidlule emgwaqweni onesizungu. Kusukela kulokhu kungqubuzana okungavamile, uDoyle uqhathanisa ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe besikhathi sanamuhla no ulaka olucishe lube yisidala Isikole esidala.
Ngemuva kwalowo mbhikisho oyisipoki kuvela umbono ocacile: ukulwa kusebenza ukubeka ozidlayo esikhundleni sakhe Futhi ukumkhumbuza ukuthi isibhakela sisekelwe kumthetho ongabhalwanga wenhlonipho, isiko, nokuthobeka. "Umthetho weqhawe" oshiwo abahlaziyi abaningana, umqondo ogcwele ingxenye enkulu yencwadi.
En "INkosi yaseFalconbridge" y "Ukuhlaziswa kweNkosi uBarrymore"UDoyle ubuyela endaweni yezicukuthwane zaseBrithani ukuze ahlole ukuthi udumo nedumela Bangase bashiywe bedlalela ku-canvas. Indandatho lapha iba yisiteji lapho izikhulu, ezijwayele ukuxazulula izindaba zazo ezindaweni zokuphumula nasemahhovisi, kumele zibhekane nohlobo oluhlukile lobulungiswa, olusekelwe ekuqineni nasekubeni nesibindi.
Indandatho njengenkantolo: ukuziphatha, ubuntu, kanye nesiyalo
Omunye wemibono etholakala kule qoqo ukuthi indandatho isebenza njengohlobo oluthile lwendandatho. inkantolo yokugcinaLapho, ngaphandle kokusebenzisa inkulumo nokubukeka, akukho ndawo yokukhohlisa: isimo somzimba, ubuchwepheshe, kanye nokukhuthazela kwengqondo kugcina kwembule uhlobo lwangempela lomshayi webhokisi ngamunye.
Abagxeki nabahleli baveza ukuthi uDoyle uyakwazi ukugcwalisa impi ngayinye nge- ubukhulu bokuziphatha obuphawuleka kakhuluAbafundi abagcini nje ngokulandela ukuthi ubani ophumelelayo noma ohluliwe, kodwa nendlela umlingiswa ngamunye abhekana ngayo nokulungiselela, ukwesaba, kanye nengcindezi yangaphandle. Umphumela uba ukuhlaziywa kwesimo somuntu ngaphansi kokucindezeleka okukhuluLokhu kuyinto exhumanisa ngokungaqondile nomsebenzi wakhe wobuphenyi, lapho abalingiswa nabo becindezelwa khona kuze kube sekupheleni.
Kumbhali, isibhakela, ngamazwi akhe, singu-«ukuhlolwa okuphezulu kobuntu kanye nesiyaloLo mqondo ugcwele yonke incwadi: abashayi besibhakela abasebenza kanzima, abahlonipha abaphikisi babo, futhi abamukela imithetho yomdlalo bavame ukuthola ukukhululwa okuthile, kuyilapho labo abangawunaki umthetho wendandatho bagcina bebhekene nokushintshashintsha okubakhumbuza ngemikhawulo yabo.
Lowo mbono wokuziphatha awuvimbeli izindaba ukuthi zithwale kanzima ukungezwani kwezindaba kanye nesivininiIsitayela sikaDoyle sokushelela, sona kanye esenza izigigaba zikaSherlock Holmes zibe umlutha kangaka, sivela lapha ngezincazelo ezicacile zokuhlaselwa, ukugwema, kanye nokuhlasela okuphikisayo, kodwa ngaso sonke isikhathi kugxilwe kulokho umlingiswa ngamunye akudlalelayo ngale kwebhodi lamaphuzu.
Ubuqiniso bokuchazwa kwezikhathi zokuqeqesha, amakamelo okushintshela, kanye nesimo sezindawo zokuzivocavoca bubangelwa kakhulu yi- ulwazi lombhali ngokwakhe njengomshayi wesibhakela ongumfundiLona akuyena umbhali obuka kude, kodwa umuntu owazi ukukhathala mathupha futhi akuhumushele ephepheni ngokunemba okumangalisayo.
Kusukela kuSherlock Holmes kuya eringini yesibhakela: i-classic eyandisa ububanzi bayo
U-Arthur Conan Doyle (Glasgow, 1859 - Crowborough, 1930) ubhalwe kunoma iyiphi incwadi yezifundo njengomunye wezincwadi amagama amakhulu ezincwadini zaseBrithani kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka. Ngaphezu kwamanoveli nezindaba eziqukethe uSherlock Holmes, igama lakhe livela emisebenzini ka isayensi eqanjiwe, inganekwane yomlando, imidlalo yaseshashalazini kanye nezinkondlosingakhohlwa izigigaba zikaSolwazi Challenger kanye nesithakazelo sakhe ezihlokweni ezifana nemimoya noma izimbangela zomhlaba wonke.
Ngesikhathi sakhe sokufunda e- Edinburgh UniversityWahlanganisa izifundo zakhe zobudokotela nokubhala izindaba zakhe zokuqala, ngenkathi enza ubudokotela ezindaweni ezifana ne-Aston ne-Portsmouth. Lokhu kuphila okuphindwe kabili phakathi kwegumbi lakhe lokubonisana nomshini wakhe wokubhala kwakha umsebenzi owasheshe waduma eYurophu nangale kwayo.
Ukulwela kwakhe umzabalazo ubulungiswa kanye nezizathu ezahlukene zezepolitikiUmsebenzi wakhe, njengokugxeka ukuhlukunyezwa eCongo, wawuhambisana nesithakazelo esiqhubekayo ekuphileni kwangemva kokufa kanye nasezimweni esingazibiza ngokuthi ezingavamile manje. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kokucabanga ngokwesayensi kanye nokuthakaselwa yizinto ezingachazeki nakho kuvela kwezinye zezindaba zakhe. Izindaba ezivela eRinginiikakhulukazi kulabo abanezinto ezingaphezu kwemvelo.
Ukushicilelwa kwale nhlobonhlobo emakethe yaseSpain kusenza sibone ukuthi kungakanani Ezemidlalo zaziyindlela yokuveza imizwa yazo ngenxa yezinkinga zabo zokuziphatha kanye nezindaba. Kwabaningi abafundi baseYurophu, abajwayele ukuhlanganisa igama lakhe nobugebengu kanye nemfihlakalo kuphela, le mibhalo ivula umnyango ohlukile: lowo wendandatho njengendawo yeqiniso elingenalutho.
Uma ufunda ngombono wanamuhla, lapho imidlalo yesibhakela neyokulwa inamandla kakhulu kwabezindaba eSpain nakwamanye amazwe aseYurophu, umsebenzi kaConan Doyle uzwakala ufanelekile ngokumangazayo. Ukhuluma ngokuzidela, ukungalingani, ingcindezi yomphakathi, kanye nodumo—izinkinga ezisalokhu zikhona kakhulu kwezemidlalo yobungcweti zanamuhla.
Noma ubani osondelayo Izindaba ezivela eRingini Uzothola, ngamafuphi, okungaphezu kakhulu kwezindaba zokushaywa nokunqobaIncwadi isindisa uDoyle ongaziwa kangako kodwa oqinile ngokulinganayo, okwazi ukuletha eringini yesibhakela ukunemba okufanayo kokulandisa akusebenzisa ezimfihlakalo zakhe zobuphenyi, nokubonisa ukuthi isibhakela, ezandleni zomlandisi wezindaba omuhle, singaba yindawo yokubhala njenganoma yimuphi umgwaqo waseLondon onenkungu.
