Ukubonakala ngesiSpanishi kwe- izindaba ezintathu ezingakashicilelwa nguVirginia Woolf Ezinikezelwe kumngane wakhe uMary Violet Dickinson, lezi zindaba sezibe ngesinye sezenzakalo zezincwadi ezikhulunywa kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi. Zabhalwa ngo-1907 futhi zabukezwa ngo-1908, zinikeza umbono ngoWoolf wakuqala, ohlakaniphile, nowazamayo, ohluke kakhulu esithombeni esinohlonze avame ukuhlotshaniswa naso.
Ngaphansi kwezihloko "Igalari Yobungane", "Ingadi Yomlingo" kanye "Nendaba Ezokusiza Ulale"Imibhalo manje ifinyelela emphakathini okhuluma iSpanishi ngohlelo oluphindwe kabili eSpain: I-Páginas de Espuma iyashicilela Violet, ngenkathi i-Lumen iqala Impilo kaVioletokuhlanganisa nocwaningo olubucayi. Kuzo zombili izimo, umuntu oyinhloko nguViolet Dickinson, umngane, umeluleki, kanye nesithandwa somlobi waseBrithani ebuntwaneni.
Ukutholwa okucishe kube ngengozi endaweni yokugcina umlando yesiNgisi
Kwase kungamashumi eminyaka kucatshangwa ukuthi izindaba zokuqala zikaWoolf zazinikezelwe kuViolet Zasinda kuphela embhalweni wesandla ka-1907 zigcinwe eMtatsheni Wezincwadi Womphakathi waseNew York futhi azikaze zishicilelwe. Umbhali wazibheka njengomsebenzi omncane, waze wacela umngane wakhe ukuba angazisabalalisi: ngokombono wakhe, kwakuwumbhalo ongavuthiwe okwakuzodingeka ubhalwe kabusha ezinyangeni eziyisithupha, into ayeqiniseka ukuthi ngeke ayenze.
Indaba yashintsha lapho isazi sezemfundo U-Urmila SeshagiriNjengoprofesa eNyuvesi yaseTennessee, waya eLongleat House eWiltshire, eNgilandi, ukuyobheka ezinye zezincwadi zomlando zikaMary Violet Dickinson ezingakashicilelwa. Kulelo qoqo, elixhunywe emndenini kanye nengobo yomlando kaViolet, abasebenzi baveze ukuthi kukhona omunye umbhalo osayinwe nguWoolf.
Ebhokisini elisenqolobaneni kwavela i- umbhalo obhalwe ngoyinki onsomi futhi olungiswe ngesandla ngumbhali uqobo lwakhe, owabhalwa ngo-1908. Kwakukhona futhi izigigaba zikaViolet, kodwa ezazigcwele ukusulwa, ukwengezwa, kanye nezinguquko zesigqi nethoni. Lokhu kulungiswa kwabonisa ukuthi uWoolf wayebuyele embhalweni ngokungathi sína okuphikisana nokuhlekisa kwakhe ngencwadi yokubhala mayelana nombhalo "omubi".
Ngenxa yemikhawulo evela ku- Ubhubhane lwe-covidUSeshagiri wayengakwazi ukuhlola ngokoqobo indaba kwaze kwaba ngu-2022. Lapho ekugcineni esephethe amakhasi ezandleni zakhe, wathola ukuthi kwakuyinguqulo ephinde yahlelwa kabusha yezindaba zango-1907, enezindlela eziningi zokungenelela ezizisondeza eduze nephrozi enembile nebaliwe kaWoolf ovuthiwe.
Kusukela kuhlaya langasese kuya engxenyeni ebalulekile yemephu yeWoolfian
Sekuyiminyaka eminingi, umfelwa womlobi, ULeonard WoolfWamelana nokushicilelwa kwalezo zindaba. Lapho i-ejensi eyayiphethe amaphepha kaViolet Dickinson noma imbongi uJohn Lehmann—ehambisana neHogarth Press—imcela ukuba ashicilele imibhalo yokuqala, wayilahla njengehlaya nje “elingelona elihle kakhulu.” Lokhu kuhlola kwaba negalelo ekuzibekeni endaweni engabonakali, njengokungathi kwakuwumdlalo ongenasithakazelo sangempela.
Ukutholakala kombhalo olungisiwe eLongleat House kuphoqa ukuthi kuhlolwe kabusha lokho kufundwa. Ingxube yokulungiswa okubhalwe ngomshini kanye nokulungiswa ngesandla kwembula inqubo yomsebenzi oqaphileUkukhathazeka ngesigqi semisho, ithoni yesihlaya, kanye nokwakhiwa kwezwi elilandisayo. Kunokuba kube yinto edlulayo, uWoolf wazinika isikhathi sokulungisa indaba ngayinye ngemva konyaka eyibhalile.
Ukusabela kokuqala okuvela kubagxeki kanye nomhlaba wokushicilela kuye kwahluka kakhulu ekubhukheni kukaLeonard kokuqala. Kwabashicileli abafana UJuan CasamayorNgokusho kukaPáginas de Espuma, ukuvela komsebenzi ongakashicilelwa walolu hlobo kuyisenzakalo sangempela: hhayi kakhulu ngoba wengeza "inoveli enhle" kukhathalogi kaWoolf, kodwa ngoba ugcwalisa izindawo ezingakhanyi kahle zomsebenzi wakhe, kokubili ezokubhala nezemizwa.
Eqinisweni, lezi zindaba zisivumela ukuthi siguqule isithombe sombhali ohlala ehlotshaniswa ne- amandla adonsela phansi, ukuzihlola, kanye nenkingaLapha sibona uWoolf ozama amahlaya, amahle kakhulu kanye nobuciko, ozivumela ukuba adlulise futhi aguqule abalingiswa ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukunemba, futhi osebenzisa umlando womngane njengezinto zokudlala ezincwadini.
UViolet Dickinson: umngane, umeluleki, kanye nomlingiswa oyinhloko wezincwadi
Izindaba ezintathu zizungeza umfanekiso ka UMary Violet Dickinsonmdala ngeminyaka eyishumi nesikhombisa kunoVirginia. Ubuhlobo babo, abagxeki asebeqalile ukubuchaza njengobudlelwano ubungani bothandoUViolet wayengumuntu obalulekile ebusheni bomlobi. Wamnakekela ngesikhathi sokuphazamiseka kwakhe kokuqala kwemizwa, wamthatha waya naye ekhaya lakubo, futhi wamkhuthaza ukuba ashicilele imibhalo yakhe yobuntatheli.
Ezincwadini zakhe zaleso sikhathi, uWoolf udweba isithombe sikaViolet esinothando futhi esidlalayo: owesifazane omude, ongavamile, ohlala ekulungele ukuvuselela noma yiliphi iqembu, engenazo izifiso zokuba muhle, futhi owayehlekisa ngezinwele zakhe ezimpunga kanye nokubukeka kwakhe. Lesi sithombe, esithambile futhi esihlekisayo kancane, siguqulwa ezindabeni sibe yi- isiqhwaga esikhulu nesinobuqhawe, okwaziyo ukuphula imithetho yezenhlalo, izilo zasolwandle, kanye nabesifazane abangochwepheshe.
Ku-"Gallery of Friendships," umbhali uveza uViolet njengentombazane ekhula ibe yinde kakhulu ngaphambi kokuba ibe neminyaka eyisishiyagalombili, umuntu onesithakazelo esikhulu kuye. ulwazi kanye nemibono kunasemidansweni yomphakathi: ukhangwa umlando, izincwadi, izibalo, umculo kanye nezifundo zobuntu, futhi uhlola "izindlela eziqondile zezincwadi" ezisakazeka ngokungenamkhawulo.
"Ingadi Yomlingo" ibeka uViolet endlini yakhe yasemaphandleni, indawo esebenza ngaphansi kwesimo sendawo yenganekwane. ilebhu yokuzimelaLapho, umlingiswa oyinhloko ngokwemvelo uyaphikisana nemithetho yabesifazane abadumile, uhamba kalula endaweni eqinile yomphakathi, futhi ubonisa ukuzimela okulindele ukukhathazeka okuyinhloko komsebenzi kaWoolf wesikhathi esizayo.
Ku-"Indaba Yokusiza Ulale," umbhali mhlawumbe uveza uhlangothi lwakhe oluhle kakhulu. Indaba ithatha isimo sendaba umama ayitshela ingane yakhe ukuba ayisize ilale, egcwele abantu izinganekwane, izidalwa ezinhle kakhulu nezilo owabusa idolobha laseTokyo esikhathini esidlule. Abesifazane ababili abakhulu, abavezwa njengamadodakazi ababusi abafika begibele umkhomo, baba amaViolets akwazi ukuguqula lelo zwe futhi amise ukuhleleka okunobuntu.
Imbewu yobuntu besifazane, amahlaya angavamile, kanye nenganekwane yaseVictoria
Labo abasebenze ezinhlelweni zesiSpanishi bayavuma ukuthi lezi zindaba ziqukethe imbewu yokuqala yezindikimba zabesifazane okwakuzoqhakaza eminyakeni yakamuva kaWoolf. Umhumushi nomhleli uPatricia Díaz Pereda uqokomisa izindaba ezifana nemfundo enganele yabesifazane, imingcele umphakathi wabesilisa nabesifazane oyibekayo ekuphileni kwabo, kanye nesifiso sabo sokungalandeli indima elindelwe kubo.
Enye yezindima ezicashunwe kakhulu kulezi zindaba ukubhekisela ku-a "indlu yakho encane"Indlu elula ene-"roses yangempela" nendawo yokuhlala ngaphandle kwesisindo sokhokho. Eminyakeni engaphezu kwamashumi amabili ngaphambi kokwakha umqondo odumile "wegumbi lomuntu siqu," uWoolf usevele ukhomba lapha isidingo sendawo ebonakalayo nengokomfanekiso lapho abesifazane bengabhala, bacabange, futhi baphile ngaphandle kwemingcele yesiko lomndeni.
Lezi zindaba zihlanganisa lokho kukhathazeka ngokuzimela kwabesifazane kanye amahlaya ajabulisayo nangavamileU-Urmila Seshagiri kanye nabanye ochwepheshe bagcizelele isimo sokukhuluma ngokweqile sezigcawu eziningi, ukuthambekela kokungajwayelekile nokubi, kanye nekhono lombhali lokuhleka ngemithetho yekilasi kanye nobulili yase-Edwardian England ngaphandle kokuyeka umbono obucayi.
Ngokwesitayela, iphrozi yalezi zindaba ichazwe ngokuthi "ngokungavamile uVictorian" ngoWoolf. Uma kuqhathaniswa nokuhlolwa okusemthethweni okwakuzophawula amanoveli anjengalawa kamuva Endlini yokukhanya u OrlandoLapha, ithonya lendaba yekhulu le-19 liyabonakala, kokubili ezwini lomlandisi kanye nasezinhlakeni ezithile zezinganekwane kanye nokuhlekisana komphakathi. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kwesiko kanye nokuhlolwa kwasekuqaleni kwembula umbhali phakathi kwenqubo yakhe yokudala.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukukhanya nokuhleka kusebenza, njengoba umhleli uTeresa Gras esho, cishe kufana ne- isiphakamiso sezepolitikiAmahlaya aba yinjini yoshintsho, indlela yokuguqula amazinga okubusa kanye nokuphakamisa, ngaphandle kwenhlonipho, izingxoxo mayelana nemfundo, umshado, ukuzimela kwezomnotho noma indawo yabesifazane emphakathini.
Izinhlelo e-Spain: Páginas de Espuma kanye ne-Lumen
Ezweni elikhuluma iSpanishi, ukufika kwalezi zindaba kuthatha isimo samaphrojekthi amabili okushicilela ahambisanayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, Amakhasi Egwebu shicilela Violet kuhlelo olunezithombe, kanye nesingeniso kanye nokuhumusha kukaPatricia Díaz Pereda. Ngaphezu kwalokho, I-Lumen lungiselela inguqulo ngaphansi kwesihloko Impilo kaViolet, okuhlanganisa ucwaningo olubucayi olusayinwe ngu-Urmila Seshagiri.
Uhlelo lwe-Páginas de Espuma lunaka kakhulu ukubukeka kwencwadi. Ukuhlelwa kwayo kwenziwe kusetshenziswa ukuthayipha I-Caslon AntiguaKufana nohlobo lwe-lead olusetshenziswa yiWoolfs eHogarth Press yabo yasendulo. Ukubopha okuqinile, okunesembozo sendwangu eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka esigxivizwe ngombala omnyama, kanye nemifanekiso ka-Andrea Reyes kuhlose ukuphinda kuzwakale njengezincwadi zaseBrithani zasekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20.
Umklamo wangaphakathi uphefumulelwe yiqoqo IBrithani Encane kusukela ku-A&C Black, nomdlalo we izinhlobo ezimbili zephephaIkhasi elilodwa lamapuleti ombala kanye nelinye lombhalo, lihlonipha umkhawulo wendabuko kanye nezilinganiso zesikhala esimhlophe. Inhloso eshiwo yithimba labahleli ukuthi umfundi abambe ngezandla zakhe ivolumu ebingavela kalula emshinini wokunyathelisa wakwaWoolfs.
Isiphakamiso sikaLumen, sona, sigxile kumongo obalulekile. Ngaphansi kwesihloko Impilo kaVioletUmshicileli akanikezi umfundi izindaba ezintathu kuphela, kodwa futhi ucwaningo oluningiliziwe ngokuzalwa kwayo, umlando wayo wokucasha kanye nendawo yayo emzimbeni womsebenzi kaWoolfian. Lolu hlelo lugcizelela ubukhulu obuhle kakhulu kanye nomlingiswa we-metarrative kwezinye izindima, ikakhulukazi indaba-ngaphakathi-endabeni ku-"A Bedtime Story."
Zombili izinhlelo zizuza esimweni sokuvuselelwa kwesithakazelo eVirginia Woolf eSpain nakwamanye amazwe aseYurophu, lapho Ukuhumusha okusha kanye nokukhishwa kabusha kuyaphindaphindeka yamanoveli akhe kanye nezindatshana. Kulowo mongo, uViolet ubekwe njengengxenye eyengeziwe esiza ukuqedela imephu, ngaphandle kokuhlose ukususa imisebenzi emikhulu esivele igcotshwe njengengcwele.
UWoolf okhululekile, ohlekisayo futhi onothando
Ngale kwenani lazo lemibhalo, lezi zindaba zisimema ukuthi sicabange kabusha ngendlela isibalo sikaVirginia Woolf esichazwe ngayo amashumi eminyaka. Ukugcizelela okuvamile ku- inhlekelele yomlando womuntu kanye nokuzihlola Kuye kwagxila ezicini zangemuva ezifana nokukhanya, ukuhlekisa noma ukudlala, okukhona kakhulu ekuxhumaneni kwakhe kodwa okungabonakali kangako emcabangweni ohlangene.
Ku-"Gallery of Friendships," "The Magic Garden," kanye ne-"A Story to Help You Fall Asleep," umbhali uveza othanda ulimi, akhethe umbono wokweqisa, futhi aguqule umngane wakhe abe uhlobo oluthile lothando. iqhawekazi eleqileUyakwazi ukuhamba ngezinyathelo zobungcweti kanye nohambo lwasemanzini ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukuzibamba. Le nkululeko iphinde ikhuthazwe ubudlelwano bothando phakathi kwalaba ababili, obuhlukana nobungane obuvamile.
Ubukhulu bobuhlobo obuphakathi kukaVirginia noViolet obunemizwa, obuvame ukuncishiswa emibhalweni yempilo kanye nezifundo, buvela lapha njengento ebalulekile. Izincwadi ezisele, kanye nobukhulu bezithombe zobuciko, zikhomba ku- ubungani obunothando Yayibonisa ukwanga, ukugona, kanye nokuhlanganyela kwengqondo okungavamile ngaleso sikhathi. Ukushicilelwa kwalezi zindaba kukhuthaza abafundi ukuthi bahlanganise lo mlando ekuqondeni kwabo umsebenzi, hhayi nje njengemininingwane yokuphila komuntu kodwa futhi njengengxenye yendwangu yawo yokubhala.
Esimweni samanje saseYurophu, esiphawulwa ukubuyekezwa kwemithetho kanye nokunaka okwandayo kumanethiwekhi abesifazane abasekela ababhali abaningi, isithombe sikaViolet Dickinson sivela njengomuntu obalulekile. ingxenye ebalulekile yemvelo yaseWoolfianKunokuba abe ngumlingiswa wesibili, uba ngumlingiswa oyinhloko wendaba eqanjiwe ekhanyisa ukubaluleka kokunakekelana, ubungane, kanye nokusekelana ekudalweni kwezincwadi.
Uhambo lwale mibhalo yesandla—kusukela ekuzihloleni kukaWoolf kuya ekushicilelweni kwayo ngokucophelela ngesiSpanishi eminyakeni engaphezu kwekhulu kamuva—luhlanganisa ukungezwani okuningi okuqhubeka emlandweni wezincwadi: lokho okushicilelwayo nalokho okungashicilelwayo, ukuthi ubani onquma inani lombhalo, nokuthi yibuphi ubudlelwano bomuntu siqu obungasasetshenziswa noma obukhohliwe. Violet y Impilo kaViolet Ukufika kwale ncwadi ezitolo zezincwadi zaseSpain kunikeza abafundi ithuba elingavamile lokubona uVirginia Woolf osemusha, ohlekisayo, futhi okhululekile ngokumangalisayo, kanye nokwengeza izingqimba ezintsha zencazelo efeni eliqhubeka nokukhiqiza imibuzo nokufundwa kulo lonke elaseYurophu.