Isiko elidluliselwa ngomlomo livumele abantu abahlukahlukene emhlabeni wonke ukuba basakaze izimfundiso ezijulile futhi baveze ingqikithi yamasiko abo kuwo wonke umlando. Endabeni yezwekazi elifana ne-Afrika, izizwe ezahlukahlukene zenze lobu buciko baba enye yezindlela zabo eziyinhloko zokuxhumana kwaze kwaba yilapho ukoloni kanye nokufakwa kwamandla angaphandle kulahla amasiko abo. Ngenhlanhla, inkulungwane entsha yeminyaka ivumele igagasi labalobi base-Afrika ukuba bembulele umhlaba ifa lezwekazi eligugile njengoba licebile ngezindaba nezinkondlo. Ufuna ukuthola izincwadi ezilandelayo ezinhle kakhulu ezincwadini zase-Afrika?
Konke kuyawa, nguChinua Achebe
Uma kukhona incwadi eyodwa echaza, njengezinye ezimbalwa, izinkinga ezinkulu ezabangelwa ukoloni e-Afrika, yiThings Fall Apart. Incwadi yobuciko ebhalwe ngumbhali waseNigeria uChinua Achebe , owaba yisisulu somzamo wokuqala wokushumayela ivangeli e-Anglican ngekhulu lama-20, le noveli, eyanyatheliswa ngo-1958, ilandisa indaba ka-Okonkwo, iqhawe elinamandla kunawo wonke lase-Umuofia, idolobhana eliyinganekwane lama-Igbo lapho abavangeli bokuqala befika khona ngenhloso yokushintsha imithetho nokubeka umbono wabo weqiniso. Ilandiswa ngesitayela senganekwane, futhi ilungele ukucwiliswa emagama namasiko ale ndawo eyingqayizivele yase-Afrika, i-Things Fall Apart iwukufunda okubalulekile kunoma ubani ofuna ukujula emlandweni wezwekazi elikhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni.
Americanah, nguChimamanda Ngozi Adichie
I-Americanah, yilokho abantu baseNigeria abakubiza ngokuthi umuntu oshiye izwe laseNtshonalanga Afrika waya e-United States wabuya. Yigama esingalisebenzisa futhi ukuchaza uChimamanda Ngozi Adichie, okungenzeka ukuthi ungumbhali wase-Afrika onethonya kakhulu wesikhathi sethu . Njengowesifazane oqinile, uvikela ngokuqinile ubufazi bakhe ezinkulumweni zakhe, ezindabeni, nasemihlanganweni. UNgozi wenza le noveli yaba yimpumelelo enkulu e-United States ngokulandisa indaba yowesifazane osemusha kanye nobunzima bakhe bokuthuthuka ngemuva kokuthuthela ngaphesheya kwe-Atlantic. Yanyatheliswa ngo-2013, i-Americanah ithole, phakathi kwezinye imiklomelo, i-National Book Circle Award , omunye wemiklomelo yezincwadi ehlonishwa kakhulu e-United States.
Incwadi yami ende kunazo zonke, evela kuMariama Bâ
Ngokungafani nasemazweni aseNtshonalanga, isithembu sisavamile ezindaweni eziningi zase-Afrika . Lesi siko siyabalahla abesifazane ukuba bacindezelwe abayeni babo futhi sivimbela amathuba abo okuthuthuka ezindaweni ezifana neSenegal , izwe elihlolisiswa iqiniso lalo kule ncwadi nguMariama Bâ , umbhali owalinda waze waba neminyaka engamashumi amahlanu nanye ukuze alandise indaba yakhe. Abalingiswa abaphambili be-My Longest Letter ngabesifazane ababili: u-Aïssatou, onquma ukushiya umyeni wakhe athuthele kwelinye izwe, kanye noRamatoulaye, oqala ukukhombisa ushintsho embonweni wakhe, okuhambisana nomoya woshintsho olethwe ukuzimela kwalesi sizwe saseNtshonalanga Afrika ngo-1960.
Amashwa, kaJM Coetzee
Ubandlululo olwaqhubeka iNingizimu Afrika kwaze kwaba ngu-1994 lwalungenye yezinsalela zokugcina zombuso wamakoloni owawuhluphe i-Afrika amakhulu eminyaka. Futhi omunye wababhali ababamba kahle iqiniso laleso siqephu kanye nemiphumela yaso nguCoetzee, uMklomelo KaNobel ku-Literature, kule noveli ethi "Disgrace," ohlanganisa indaba esifaka ekujuleni komthombo wezimfihlo. Indaba edabukisayo, kaprofesa waseyunivesithi uDavid Lurie kanye nobuhlobo bakhe nendodakazi yakhe uLucy ilandela uhambo oluya kuleyo Ningizimu Afrika yansuku zonke, enolwazi oluzoheha ngisho nabafundi abanesibindi kakhulu.
Uhlamvu lukakolweni, oluvela kuNgugi wa Thiong'o
Ethonywe yincwadi yokuqala ayivula, iBhayibheli, umbhali odumile waseKenya othathwe encwadini ethi A Grain of Wheat, isihloko esithathwe evesini elisencwadini yokuqala eya kwabaseKorinte, umlando wabantu kanye nomlando wabo ezinsukwini ezine ngaphambi kwe-Uhuru, igama elinikezwe inkululeko yaseKenya eyatholwa ngoDisemba 12, 1963. Yanyatheliswa ngo-1967, i-A Grain of Wheat ingenye yemisebenzi kaThiong'o ephawulekayo. Waboshwa ngenxa yokukhangisa imidlalo yaseshashalazini yolimi lwesiKikuyu ezindaweni zasemakhaya zezwe lakhe futhi uhlala engomunye wabancintisani boMklomelo weNobel wezincwadi , umklomelo oqhubeka ungamtholi.
Ukulala Umhlaba, nguMia Couto
Ibhekwa njengenye yamanoveli amakhulu ase-Afrika ake abhalwa , i-Sleepwalking Land iyindaba ecacile yempi yombango ngo-80 eMozambique, elandiswa ngamehlo kaTuahir osekhulile kanye noMuidinga osemusha, abalingiswa ababili abacashe ebhasini elonakele lapho bethola khona izincwadi lapho omunye wabagibeli ebhala khona indaba yakhe yokuphila. Incwadi yobuciko kaKouto, umbhali ohamba phambili wokuqonda umlando waseMozambique, isizwe esatholakala ngo-1498 ngumhloli wamazwe wasePortugal uVasco da Gama futhi namuhla sibhekwa njengelinye lamazwe angakathuthuki kakhulu emhlabeni.
U-Allah akaboshiwe ngu-Ahmadou Kourouma
Njengoba engowokuzalwa e-Ivory Coast, uKourouma wayebhekwa ngabaningi njengomuntu okhuluma isiFulentshi ofana noChinua Achebe . Eqaphela ngokujulile izinkinga ezibhekene nezwe lakubo kanye nezwekazi lakubo, umbhali, owaqala ukubhala eneminyaka engamashumi amane, wabonisa umbono wakhe nge-*Allah Is Not Obliged*, umsebenzi oveza indaba ebuhlungu kaBirahima, intandane eyathunyelwa eLiberia naseSierra Leone njengesosha eliyingane . Ingenye yezincwadi ezinhle kakhulu ezincwadini zase-Afrika ngenxa yokuveza kwayo ubuntwana obonakele bezinkulungwane zezingane ezixhashazwayo emazweni amabili uKourouma awachaza ngokuthi “indawo yokudayisa ngomzimba.”
Umlilo wemisuka, ngu-Emmanuel Dongala
Wazalwa ngo-1941 eRiphabhulikhi yaseCongo, u-Emmanuel Dongala ungumbhali omele kakhulu kwelinye lamazwe athinteke kakhulu yikoloni lakwamanye amazwe. Incwadi ethi The Fire of Origins ihlola imibuzo eminingi ebuzwa ngumlingiswa oyinhloko wale noveli, uMandala Mankunku, kuyo yonke ikhulu leminyaka lapho ukukoloni, ukubusa kukaMarxist, kanye nokuzimela kuhlanganisa umlando wesizwe esinobudlova.
Ngokubona kwakho yiziphi izincwadi ezihamba phambili zemibhalo yase-Afrika?