Izincwadi ezingu-50 ezihamba phambili zekhulunyaka lokugcina: i-canon yase-Babelia

  • Ochwepheshe abangaphezu kwe-100 bavotele izihloko ezingu-50 eziphawula uhlu lwakamuva lwezincwadi eSpain.
  • Uhlu oluphezulu luholwa yimisebenzi kaJavier Marías, uRafael Chirbes, uCarmen Martín Gaite noJavier Cercas.
  • Uhlu luhlanganisa ukulandisa, izinkondlo, indaba, amahlaya kanye nemibhalo ngezilimi ezisemthethweni.
  • Le phrojekthi iyingxenye yokubonisa amasiko ngesikhathi sentando yeningi yaseSpain.
Isaac

Imizuzu ye-8

Ukukhetha izincwadi ezibalulekile

Ukubonisana okubanzi nochwepheshe kuholele ekutheni a izinga lezincwadi ezingu-50 ezibaluleke kakhulu zekhulunyaka elidlule Ishicilelwe isengezo sezamasiko i-Babelia, uhlu, oluhlanganisa amazwi ahluke kakhulu, izinhlobo, nokuzwela, lunikeza isithombe sokuthi izincwadi e-Spain zishintshe kanjani kusukela kuNguquko kuze kube namuhla.

Ukuze udwebe le mephu, abagxeki abangaphezu kwekhulu, izintatheli, abadayisi bezincwadi, osolwazi nabafundisi Abafundi abavela ezweni lonke nabasemanyuvesi aphesheya bathumele izincwadi zabo eziyishumi abazithandayo. Izibalo zamavoti ziphumela kuhlu lwezincwadi zeBhayibheli oluvela phakathi nokubuyekezwa kwamasiko kwesikhathi eside—lapho ama-albhamu namafilimu asekhethiwe kakade—futhi egxile kakhulu umuzwa wokufunda wentando yeningi.

Indlela uhlu lwahlanganiswa ngayo

Inqubo yayilula futhi isobala: uchwepheshe ngamunye wethule uhlu lwazo lwamaphuzu ayishumi, futhi ukukhetha kokugcina, okushicilelwe ngalo Mgqibelo nguBabelia, kwahlanganiswa futhi kwahlanganiswa. Lo mzamo, owethulwe ekuqaleni konyaka ukuze ubonise isiko laseSpain kusukela ngo-1975, uhlanganisa umbono ohlangene lapho izici ezithile zithola ukugqama. UJavier Marías, uCarmen Martín Gaite, uRafael Chirbes noJavier Cercas, phakathi kwabanye ababhali ababalulekile.

I-canon yemibhalo yekhulunyaka

Okuphezulu kwezinga

Isikhundla sokuqala siya ku Inhliziyo imhlophe qwaInoveli kaJavier Marías (Anagrama, 1992; iphinde ikhishwe u-Alfaguara, 2022), umsebenzi oqhutshwa yizimiso zokuziphatha kanye nesitayela, ihlola izimfihlo, ulwazi, kanye nobuthaka bomuntu. Ilandelwa yi... Isidumbu, ngu-Rafael Chirbes (Anagrama, 2007), umfanekiso onolaka wesiko lokuceba ngokushesha, kanye Igumbi elingemuva, nguCarmen Martín Gaite (Destino, 1978; reed. Siruela, 2025), exhumanisa inkumbulo ejulile nenkumbulo yomlando nezwi elimangalisayo.

  1. Inhliziyo imhlophe qwa - UJavier Marías: ukungezwani kokuziphatha kanye ne-hypnotic prose.
  2. Isidumbu - URafael Chirbes: uhlangothi lwemibhalo lwe-boom ye-real estate.
  3. Igumbi elingemuva - UCarmen Martín Gaite: inkumbulo, impi yangemva kwempi kanye noguquko olusuka endaweni yasekhaya.
  4. Abantu besenzo - UJaime Gil de Biedma: izinkondlo zokuqaphela nesikhathi.
  5. I-anatomy yesikhashana - UJavier Cercas: ukulandisa kwezehlakalo mayelana noFebhuwari 23 ngokushaya kwe-novelistic.
  6. Amasosha aseSalami - UJavier Cercas: ukuziphatha kwenkumbulo kanye neqhawe lokuziphatha elingalindelekile.
  7. Indoda yamahhashi yasePoland - U-Antonio Muñoz Molina: inkumbulo, uMágina kanye nekhulu leminyaka lomlando waseSpain.
  8. Iqiniso ngecala leSavolta - U-Eduardo Mendoza: izindaba zesimanjemanje e-Barcelona eneziyaluyalu.
  9. Izingilazi zehlathi - U-María Zambrano: isizathu esisankondlo sifinyelele umkhawulo.
  10. Ukufunda okulula - UCristina Morales: ukuphikiswa kobuhle nezepolitiki ngezwi lakhe.

Indaba echaza kabusha inkumbulo yesi-Spanish

Eminye yemithambo ebaluleke kakhulu ohlwini ingena enkumbulweni yezombangazwe nezenhlalo. Izihloko ezinjengalezi Patria (Fernando Aramburu), Ubhekilanga Ongaboni (Alberto Méndez) noma Inhliziyo efriziwe (i-Almudena Grandes) ikhuluma ngamanxeba kanye nokuthula kwempi, isikhathi sangemva kwempi, kanye nodlame lwe-ETA. Ngokuhambisanayo, Imikhonto egqwalile (U-Juan Benet) wakha kabusha impi yombango esuka endaweni yenganekwane ngephrozi yogqozi lwakudala.

I-Barcelona ibonakala njengesimiso sokuziphatha Ngelinye ilanga ngizobuya y Imisila ye-lizard (Juan Marsé), izingcezu ezihlanganisa ukunqotshwa, uthando, nokubuka kwesinema endaweni. Ukwehla kwezibalo zabantu nakho kubonakala ku Imvula ephuzi (Julio Llamazares), lapho indawo engenalutho ihlanganisa ukukhohlwa okuhlangene. Ngakho uhlu luqinisa uchungechunge lwe inkumbulo, ubuwena kanye nokulungiswa lokho kuthatha isigamu sekhulu.

Amazwi ezinkondlo kanye nemicabango

Ngaphandle kukaGil de Biedma, uhlu lwezinkondlo luhlanganisa UJose Angel Valente ngezingcezu zencwadi yesikhathi esizayo, ukuze UFrancisco Brines ngeThe Autumn of the Roses kakade ULuis Garcia Montero enamagumbi ahlukene. Emkhakheni we-aphorism kanye nokuqonda okubonakalayo, kuyagqama URafael Sánchez Ferlosio Iminyaka eminingi emibi izofika futhi isenze sibe yizimpumputhe, kuyilapho UMaria Zambrano NgoClaros del bosque, uqinisekisa indlela yakhe eyingqayizivele phakathi kwefilosofi nezinkondlo.

Lesi sigaba sihlinzeka ngobuningi bamarejista kanye nezikhathi zezenzo zokucabanga ngalesi sikhathi ngokombono wefomu: iqiniso lenkondlo kanye nendatshana njengezindlela zolwazi ezisekela lonke.

I-eseyi, umlando wamasiko kanye nesenzakalo sencwadi

Impumelelo yecala nayo inegama layo: Infinity emhlangeni (U-Irene Vallejo) ubungaza umlando wencwadi ngenhlanganisela yokufunda nokufinyeleleka okudlula amalebula ezentengiso. Umlando kanye nomlando wamasiko kwakhiwe ngu Umama Wosizi (José Álvarez Junco), Izindaba zamaSpain amabili (Santos Julia), I-Silver Age (José-Carlos Mainer) kanye Izikhali Nezincwadi (Andrés Trapiello).

I-eseyi yesimanje nayo ihlanganisa nombono obucayi ngomsebenzi wokudala wenethiwekhi Ama-Remedios Zafra Ngomdlandla, okhanyisa ukuguquguquka kokungathembeki kanye nokuzixhaphaza ohlelweni lwamanje lwamasiko. Konke lokhu kuyaqinisa ukwehluka kwezinhlobo nezindlela ekhona ohlwini.

Amadolobha, amamephu nezilimi zaseSpain

Uhlu luhlola amadolobha kanye nezindawo ezisondelene. E-Barcelona, ​​​​ Idolobha lama-prodigies (Edward Mendoza), Usuku Lwabantu (Francisco Casavella) noma Romanticism (UManuel Longares, ogxile esifundeni saseSalamanca eMadrid) bakha ingobo yomlando yesifiso sokuvelela, isigaba kanye nokuguquguquka kwedolobha kanye nokuba khona abashicileli abazimele. Galíndez (U-Manuel Vázquez Montalbán) uhlanganisa izinhlobo ukuze uhlole amandla nenkumbulo.

Izincwadi ngezilimi ezisemthethweni nazo ziyakhanya: Obabakoak (Bernardo Atxaga, in Basque), Indlela yokuhamba (Jesús Moncada, ngesiCatalan) kanye Isikhathi sokuqhakaza kwe-cherry (I-Montserrat Roig, ngesiCatalan) inikela ngemibono ecebisa uhlu lwezincwadi zeBhayibheli. Futhi amahlaya enza umnyango omkhulu nge Imibimbi (Paco Roca), eqinisekisa ukuthi inoveli yesithombe iyingxenye ye ingxoxo yemibhalo yasemuva.

Okwakudala okusha kanye nemibono yamanje

Eceleni kwamagama amisiwe, kukhona amazwi agudluze ukugxila ngamandla akamuva. Uthando olulodwa (uSara Mesa) uphazamisa isifiso, amandla kanye nokuba sengozini; Umkhuba omubi (Alana S. Portero) ubhala kabusha inkumbulo yeminyaka yamashumi ayisishiyagalombili ukusuka emaphethelweni emizimba; futhi Ogwini (I-Chirbes) ivala i-hangover yebhamuza. Lezi yizihloko ezikhuluma ulimi lwamanje nazo ubungozi obusemthethweni kanye ne-lucidity.

Uhlu oluphelele lwabangu-50

  1. Inhliziyo Emhlophe Kakhulu - Javier Marías (Anagrama, 1992; iphinde yakhishwa ngu-Alfaguara, 2022; amakhasi angama-352; €18,91)
  2. Indawo yokushisa izidumbu - Rafael Chirbes (Anagrama, 2007; amakhasi angama-424; €20,90)
  3. I-Back Room - Carmen Martín Gaite (Destino, 1978; iphinde yakhishwa nguSiruela, 2025; amakhasi angama-256; € 14,90)
  4. Abantu Besenzo - Jaime Gil de Biedma (Seix Barral, 1975; reed. Lumen, 2025; amakhasi angama-240; €18,91)
  5. I-Anatomy of a Moment - Javier Cercas (Mondadori, 2009; iphinde yakhipha i-Random House, 2025; amakhasi angama-280; € 19,85)
  6. Amasosha aseSalamis - uJavier Cercas (Tusquets, 2001; uphinde wakhipha i-Random House, 2023; amakhasi angama-208; € 17,95)
  7. I-Polish Rider - u-Antonio Muñoz Molina (Seix Barral, 1991; yanyatheliswa kabusha ngo-2016; amakhasi angu-624; €22)
  8. Iqiniso Mayelana Necala Le-Savolta - Eduardo Mendoza (Seix Barral, 1975; yanyatheliswa kabusha ngo-2025; amakhasi angu-488; €22)
  9. Ukuhlanza Ehlathini - uMaría Zambrano (Seix Barral, 1977; iphinde yakhishwa ngu-Alianza, 2019; amakhasi we-192; € 13,95)
  10. Ukufunda okulula - Cristina Morales (Anagrama, 2018; amakhasi angama-424; €22,90)
  11. I-Infinity in a Reed - u-Irene Vallejo (Siruela, 2019; amakhasi angama-472; €24,95)
  12. Iminyaka eminingi emibi izofika futhi izosenza sibe yizimpumputhe kakhulu - uRafael Sánchez Ferlosio (Destino, 1993)
  13. Ubuso bakho kusasa — Javier Marías (Alfaguara, 2002/2004/2007; reed. Alfaguara; 768 pages; €35,06)
  14. I-Holy Innocents - Miguel Delibes (Planeta, 1981; iphinde yakhishwa ngu-Destino, 2019; amakhasi we-168; € 19,90)
  15. Izwe lasekhaya - uFernando Aramburu (Tusquets, 2016; amakhasi angama-648; €22,90)
  16. Inkosi Ekhohliwe uGudú - Ana María Matute (Espasa, 1996; iphinde yakhishwa ngu-Destino, 2018; amakhasi angama-768; €24,90)
  17. The City of Marvels - Eduardo Mendoza (Seix Barral, 1986; iphinde yakhishwa yi-Austral, 2022; amakhasi angama-560; € 13,95)
  18. Okufayo nokupinki - uFrancisco Umbral (i-Destino, 1975; iphinde yakhishwa yi-Austral, 2025; amakhasi angama-256; € 10,95)
  19. Usuku lwe-Watusi - uFrancisco Casavella (Mondadori, 2002-2003; reed. Anagrama, 2016; amakhasi angu-888; €29,90)
  20. Ukuguquguquka kwamafu - Carmen Martín Gaite (Anagrama, 1992; reed. 2012; 416 pages; €21,90)
  21. On the Shore - Rafael Chirbes (Anagrama, 2013; amakhasi 440; €19,90)
  22. I-Blind Sunflowers - U-Alberto Méndez (Anagrama, 2004; yanyatheliswa kabusha ngo-2024; amakhasi angu-160; €18,90)
  23. Umkhuba Omubi - Alana S. Portero (Seix Barral, 2023; amakhasi angama-256; €19)
  24. I-Autumn of the Roses - uFrancisco Brines (Renacimiento, 1986; amakhasi ayi-118)
  25. Imidlalo Yeminyaka Yakamuva - Luis Landero (Tusquets, 1989; iphinde yakhishwa yi-Cátedra, 2018; amakhasi angama-776; €22,50)
  26. Romanticism - Manuel Longares (Alfaguara, 2000; reed. Galaxia Gutenberg, 2016; 552 amakhasi; €23,90)
  27. UMater Dolorosa - José Álvarez Junco (Taurus, 2001; amakhasi 688; €24,61)
  28. I-Bartleby neNkampani - U-Enrique Vila-Matas (Anagrama, 2000; reed. Seix Barral, 2015; amakhasi angama-200; €17)
  29. A Love - Sara Mesa (Anagrama, 2020; 192 amakhasi; €18,90)
  30. El temps de les cireres — Montserrat Roig (Edicions 62, 1977; cast. 1979; reed. Consonni, 2024; 258 pages; €22,50)
  31. Yonke Imimoya - Javier Marías (Anagrama, 1989; iphinde yakhishwa ngu-Alfaguara, 2021; amakhasi angama-264; € 17,95)
  32. Izindaba zamaSpain amabili - Santos Juliá (Taurus, 2004; yanyatheliswa kabusha ngo-2015; amakhasi angu-624; €23,65)
  33. Galíndez - Manuel Vázquez Montalbán (Anagrama, 1990; yanyatheliswa kabusha ngo-2018; amakhasi angu-436; €22,90)
  34. Indaba Engapheli - UCarmen Martín Gaite (Trieste, 1983; iphinde yakhishwa nguSiruela, 2014; amakhasi angama-336; €22,90)
  35. Obabakoak - Bernardo Atxaga (Erein, 1988; cast. Xórdica, 1989; reed. 2022; 456 pages; €24)
  36. I-Silver Age - uJosé-Carlos Mainer (Los Libros de la Frontera, 1975; iphinde yanyatheliswa nguTaurus, 2025; amakhasi angu-544; €23,65)
  37. Imvula Ephuzi - Julio Llamazares (Seix Barral, 1989; yanyatheliswa kabusha ngo-2024; amakhasi angu-208; €19,50)
  38. Love Customs of Post-War Spain - Carmen Martín Gaite (Anagrama, 1987; phrinta kabusha 2023; 240 amakhasi; €12,90)
  39. Amakamelo Ahlukene - uLuis García Montero (Visor, 1994; phrinta kabusha i-2019; amakhasi angama-84; € 12)
  40. Izikhali Nezincwadi - Andrés Trapiello (Destino, 1994; iphinde yakhishwa ngo-2019; amakhasi angama-664; €35)
  41. Camí de sirga — Jesús Moncada (Magrana, 1988; cast. Anagrama, 1989; reed. Club Editor/Anagrama, 2025; 352/328 pages; €21/20,90)
  42. Imibimbi - Paco Roca (Astiberri, 2007; 104 amakhasi; €15)
  43. Ngelinye ilanga ngizobuya - Juan Marsé (Plaza & Janés, 1982; reed. Lumen, 2009; 448 pages; €19,95)
  44. Inhliziyo Eqandisiwe - Almudena Grandes (Tusquets, 2007; amakhasi angama-936; €25)
  45. Umsila we-Lizard - uJuan Marsé (Plaza y Janés, 2000; reed. Lumen, 2024; amakhasi angama-392; € 19,85)
  46. Antagonía — Luis Goytisolo (Seix Barral, 1973/1976/1979/1981; reed. Anagrama, 2023; 1.120 pages; €29,90)
  47. I-Scale of Maps - Belén Gopegui (Anagrama, 1993; ikhishwe kabusha yi-Random House, 2023; amakhasi angu-208; €15,10)
  48. Umdlandla - Remedios Zafra (Anagrama, 2017; 264 amakhasi; €20,90)
  49. I-Rusty Lances - uJuan Benet (Alfaguara, 1983/1985/1986; iphinde yakhishwa nguDeBolsillo, 2009; amakhasi angama-720; €17,05)
  50. Izingcezwana Zencwadi Yekusasa - uJosé Ángel Valente (Círculo de Lectores/Galaxia Gutenberg, 2000; iphinde yakhishwa nguGalaxia Gutenberg, 2019; amakhasi ayi-128; €12)

Umphumela uwukubuka konke okubanzi nokuhambisanayo: ukulandisa okude, izinkondlo ezinkulu, i-eseyi eyireferensi, kanye nenoveli eyingcaca Zihlala ndawonye ohlwini oluhlola inkumbulo, ubuwena, isifiso, amandla, nolimi. Uhlu oluphilayo, esikhundleni sokuvala izimpikiswano, esimema ukuthi sifunde, siphinde sifunde futhi sixoxe ngokujulile ngalokho esisakuqonda njengezincwadi ezibalulekile eSpain naseYurophu.

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