Izimfihlakalo Zemvelo: Izincwadi Ezinhle Kakhulu Ngamakhowe
Ngokolwazi olunikezwa biology, isikhunta siyiqembu noma intela yezinto eziphilayo ze-eukaryotic. Phakathi kwabo singathola imvubelo, amakhowe kanye nesikhunta. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, zihlukaniswa ngokukhethwa okuhlukile kunezitshalo, i-protozoa, ama-chromists noma izilwane. Umehluko omkhulu ngezitshalo, isibonelo, ukuthi ziyi-heterotrophs.
Zihlukile ezilwaneni ngoba zinezindonga zamangqamuzana, njengezitshalo, ezakhiwe nge-chitin esikhundleni se-cellulose. Umhlaba wesikhunta mkhulu futhi uyajabulisa, kodwa ukuwuqonda kudinga ukucwaninga okujulile. Yingakho sihlanganise uhlu lwezincwadi ezibhalwe ngongoti ngamakhowe eminyakeni edlule.
Izincwadi ezinhle kakhulu mayelana namakhowe
Umbuso Ofihliwe: Uhambo Oludabula Emhlabeni Wesikhunta Esingabonakali Emahlathini Wethu, Amakhaya, Nemizimba (2024), nguKeith Seifert
Kungumsebenzi ovezwayo wesazi sezinganekwane uKeith Seifert esimema ukuthi sihlole indawo yonke ethokozisayo yesikhunta kanye nomthelela wazo empilweni eMhlabeni. Kule ncwadi, Seifert isibonisa ukuthi imvubelo, isikhunta kanye nolele kuhlobene kanjani nabantu kunokuthi nezitshalo.
Kuvela ukuthi lezi zinto eziphilayo zihlanganyela cishe ingxenye yesine yofuzo lwethu. Naphezu kokuba khona kwayo yonke indawo emoyeni esiwuphefumulayo kanye nomhlabathi esihamba kuwo, Ulwazi lwethu ngendlela yabo yokuphila nokubaluleka kwabo lulinganiselwe. Kodwa konke lokho kungashintsha ngemva kokufunda le ncwadi.
Amakhowe kwezobuciko bezitshalo (2023), ngu-Toshimitsu Fukiharu
Kuyiqoqo elihle kakhulu elisifaka ebuhleni nasekuhlukeni komhlaba wamakhowe ngemifanekiso engaphezu kwamakhulu amabili eyenziwe izazi zemvelo zaseYurophu nezaseJapane zekhulu le-18 nele-19. Le mifanekiso enemininingwane ngokucophelela, Babonisa isitayela esiqondile somlando wemvelo, lapho ubuhle bamakhowe ngokwabo buvezwa ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuhlobisa okwengeziwe.
Le ncwadi igqamisa ukuvela kombono wamakhowe, kusukela ekucatshangelweni kwawo njengezitshalo kuya ekuqashelweni kwawo njengemizimba ethela izithelo yesikhunta, engaphansi kombuso wesikhunta. Lo msebenzi uhlonipha isiko lobuciko bezitshalo kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, inikeza umbono ocebisayo kubo bobabili abathanda i-mycology nabathandi bobuciko.
Umlingo wamakhowe (2023), nguSandra Lawrence
Lona umsebenzi osimema ukuba sithole umhlaba oyinkimbinkimbi wesikhunta kanye nethonya lawo elijulile esintwini. Kuwo wonke amakhasi ayo, Umbhali uhlola ukuthi lezi zinto eziphilayo zibe kanjani umthombo wezindlela zokupheka zokupheka, imithi nezinkolelo-ze kuwo wonke umlando.
Le ncwadi ilandelela umlando ocebile ngezinganekwane nezinganekwane, egqamisa indima yamakhowe enganekwaneni nasezinkolelweni zemilingo zamasiko ahlukahlukene. Ngaphandle kwalokho, Ukusetshenziswa kwayo okuningi emithini yendabuko emhlabeni wonke kuyahlaziywa. nokuthi ezinye zalezi zinqubo ziphenywa kanjani njengamanje.
Ukutshala amakhowe nama-truffle. Uhlelo lwesi-6 (2023), ngu-Mariano Garcia Rollan
Lona umhlahlandlela ophelele ohlanganisa izici ezijwayelekile neziqondile zokutshala amakhowe adliwayo nama-truffle, enikeza ulwazi olusebenzayo lokukhiqiza kwawo ngempumelelo. Ngomthamo kunjalo Bachaza kabanzi ngokukhiqizwa kwe-mycelium nama-substrates, izici ezidingekayo zezakhiwo ezikhulayo, ukulawulwa kwezinambuzane nezifo, kanye nezidingo ezithile zohlobo ngalunye.
Umbhali unikeza imiyalelo enemininingwane yokutshala izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zamakhowe, okuhlanganisa iPleurotus (amakhowe oyster), iShiitake, nezinye, kubo bobabili abathanda amakhaya nabatshali bezimboni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Izimo ezifanele zokuxhashazwa kwe-truffle ziyahlolwa, ukufaneleka komhlaba kanye nomthetho oyinhloko ohlobene nokutshalwa kwawo.
Iwebhu efihliwe yempilo (2020), nguMerlin Sheldrake
Ukuhlola okujabulisayo kwendawo yonke emangalisayo yesikhunta nendima yazo ebalulekile ezinhlelweni zemvelo zeplanethi yethu. Ngokulandisa okubandakanyayo nokulula ukukuqonda, Umbhali usicwilisa kunethiwekhi yesikhunta eyinkimbinkimbi futhi efihliwe esekela impilo njengoba sazi.
Kusukela ku-mycorrhizae evumela ukuxhumana phakathi kwezihlahla kuya kusikhunta esibilisa ukudla kwethu noma lezo ezingashintsha umbono wethu, i-Sheldrake isibonisa ukuthi lezi zinto eziphilayo ziwubumba kanjani umhlaba, Zithonya ukuziphendukela kwemvelo futhi zingaba ukhiye ekubhekaneni nezinselele ezinjengokungcola noma inkinga yesimo sezulu.
Okuyisisekelo kokutshalwa kwe-Psilocybin Mushroom: Funda zonke izihluthulelo zebhayoloji, i-mycology, nokunakekela ngaleli bhukwana elisebenzayo elinezithombe. (2024), ngu-Isaac Vidal Marín
Lona umhlahlandlela ophelele nonemininingwane ohlola umhlaba wokutshalwa kwamakhowe e-psilocybin ngezinjongo zesayensi, zezemfundo, noma zokwelapha. Umbhali, u-Isaac Vidal Marín, isazi sezinto eziphilayo kanye nesazi sezinzwa, Le manuwali enezithombe inikeza ukuqonda okujulile ngebhayoloji kanye ne-mycology yalezi sikhunta., kanye nokunakekelwa kwazo okuqondile.
Le ncwadi ihlanganisa yonke into kusukela ezintweni ezibalulekile zokutshalwa kwamakhowe-njengokubaluleka kokungazali, imidiya kanye nokulungiswa kwe-substrate, kanye nokuphathwa kwezigaba ezahlukene zokutshala-kuya kumasu athuthukile aklanyelwe ukuthuthukisa ukukhula kwamakhowe ngokugcwele. Ngaphandle kwalokho, Izisekelo ze-biology yamakhowe e-psilocybin, umlando wabo nokuziphendukela kwemvelo kuyahlolwa. kanye nobudlelwano ababugcinile nabantu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Ulwazi Lwekhowe: Ungavuna Kanjani Amakhowe Ngokuphepha Nangokuzinzile (2024), nguMiguel Gimeno López
Lona omunye umhlahlandlela ophelele owenzelwe labo abafuna ukungena emhlabeni we-mycology ngokuzibophezela nangokuphepha. Ibhalwe nguMiguel Gimeno López, i-CEO ye-Cesta y Setas, kanye nesazi sezinto eziphilayo uJavier Marcos Martínez, Lo msebenzi unikeza umbono ophelele wokukha amakhowe., kusukela ezicini zomthetho kuya kuseluleko esisebenzayo sokuhlonzwa nokugcinwa kwazo.
Le ncwadi ikhuluma ngokubaluleka kokuba nolwazi oluqinile lwe-mycology, igqamisa isidingo sokuqaphela izici ezihlukile zohlobo ngalunye ukuze kugwenywe ukudideka okuyingozi. Ngaphandle kwalokho, Icubungula ngezikhathi zezithelo, izintandokazi zemvelo kanye nezindawo zemvelo amakhowe, lula indawo yawo kanye nokuqoqwa okufanele.
Ezinye izincwadi ezimayelana namakhowe ezingase zikuthakasele
- Amakhowa kanye nama-Toadstools: Umcebo Wezintaba Zethu (Imihlahlandlela) I-Paperback (2013),
nguJuan Andrés Oria de Rueda; - Amakhowa (Universal Encyclopedia) (2010), nguJean-Louis Lamaison kanye noJean-Marie Polese;
- Amakhowe aseSpain naseYurophu (Green Life) (2012), ngu-VV. AA.;
- Amakhowe (Pocket Mini Guides) (2022), ngu-VV. AA.