Ukuhlangana kwami ​​kokuqala ne- Epic of Gilgamesh kwakungesikhathi ngineminyaka engaba ngamashumi amabili ubudala. Ngayifunda ngokunconywa ngumngane, ikakhulukazi uhlelo olubhalwe ngumhumushi, imbongi, nomlobi uStephen Mitchell , engiluncoma kakhulu. Angizange ngicabange ukuthi ngingayijabulela kangakanani le ndaba; kangangokuthi ngazisola ngokuthi ngicabanga ukuthi kungaba yinkondlo enesicefe noma eyisicefe.
Ithebulethi yeLapis Lazuli
«Lowo obone konke, ohlangabezane nayo yonke imizwa, kusuka enjabulweni kuze kube yithemba, uthole isihawu sokubona imfihlakalo enkulu, izindawo eziyimfihlo, zezinsuku zokuqala ngaphambi kukaZamcolo. Usehambile waya emaphethelweni omhlaba futhi ubuyile, ekhathele kodwa ephelele. Uqophe ukuxhashazwa kwakhe etsheni lamatshe, uvuselele kabusha ithempeli elingcwele lika-Eanna, kanye nezindonga ezijiyile zase-Uruk, idolobha okungekho muntu emhlabeni ongaqhathanisa nalo. Bona ukuthi izingange zalo zikhanya kanjani njengethusi elangeni. Khuphuka izitebhisi zamatshe, ezindala kunengqondo ongazicabanga; Fika ethempelini lika-Eanna, ungcweliselwe u-Ishtar, ithempeli elinobukhulu nobuhle obungalinganiswanga yinoma iyiphi inkosi; uhamba phezu kodonga lwase-Uruk, azungeze ipherimitha lakhe azungeze idolobha, ahlole izisekelo zalo ezinhle, ahlole izitini zalo, ukuthi uhlakaniphe kangakanani! qaphela amazwe azungezile: amasundu awo, izingadi zawo, izivande zawo, izigodlo zawo ezinhle namathempeli, imihlangano yokusebenzela kanye nezimakethe, izindlu zawo, izikwele zawo. Thola itshe lakhe legumbi bese kuthi ngezansi kwalo ufake ibhokisi lethusi elibizwa ngegama lakhe. Ayivule. Phakamisa isivalo sayo. Khipha i-lapis lazuli tablet. Funda ngendlela uGilgamesh ahlupheke ngayo konke futhi wanqoba konke. "
Ongaziwa, "I-Epic of Gilgamesh" (inguqulo ye-prose nguStephen Mitchell).
Indaba kaGilgamesh inesakhiwo esiyindilinga : indaba iqala futhi iphele endaweni efanayo, njengohlobo lwe-ouroboros oluma umsila walo. Imininingwane ethakazelisayo kakhulu ukuthi kusukela emigqeni yokuqala, ithinta umfundi, njengokungathi baphethe ithebhulethi le-lapis lazuli ezandleni zabo elilandisa ngezenzo zenkosi yamakhosi . La mavesi ayisimemezelo senhloso: "Funda ukuthi uGilgamesh wahlupheka kanjani kukho konke futhi wanqoba konke." Umyalezo obalulekile, oxhumanisa nomqondo kaNietzsche wentando yokulawula izinkulungwane zeminyaka ngaphambi kokuba kuzalwe isazi sefilosofi saseJalimane.
Indaba ye- Epic kaGilgamesh ayinzima futhi ingahlukaniswa izingxenye ezimbili. Kokuqala, uGilgamesh ufuna udumo futhi ulandisa ngobutha bakhe no -Enkidu (owaba umngane naye kamuva), umlingiswa omele abantu abangakatholwa , ngokungafani noGilgamesh, omele impucuko. Izenzo zakhe zobuqhawe nazo ziboniswa, njengempi enkulu nesilo uHumbaba, kanye nezingxabano zakhe nonkulunkulukazi u-Ishtar kanye neNkunzi yakhe yeZulu.
Ingxenye yesibili, lapho uGilgamesh efuna ukungafi , uyayishiya indaba ende futhi uthatha inguquko enkulu. U-Enkidu uyagula futhi uyafa, elimaza umlingiswa wethu omkhulu kakhulu, ngoba wayemthanda njengoba ezithanda yena. Inkosi iyaqaphela okokuqala ukuthi inyama yayo iyabola, nokuthi ngolunye usuku nayo kuzodingeka ife. Ngakho-ke, iqala uhambo lokuphishekela ukungafi, uhambo olubonakala lubaba futhi lungenanjabulo.
Amagama agcwele amandla
«Uma ngiwa, ngiyobe sengizuze udumo.
Abantu bazothi: UGilgamesh uwile
silwa noHumbaba onolaka! ...
Ngizimisele ngokungena ehlathini lomsedari. "Ongaziwa, "I-Epic of Gilgamesh."
Ubuhle obukhulu bale nkondlo ende ukuthi ingeyesimanje kakhulu . Futhi angikusho lokho kalula; ngikholwa ngempela ukuthi kunjalo. Indlela eveza ngayo ubungane phakathi kuka -Enkidu noGilgamesh , abasuka ezimbangini baye cishe kubafowabo, ingabonakala ezindabeni eziningi kanye nasezindabeni zobuciko nezokubhala zesikhathi sethu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, isihloko sokudlula kwesikhathi, sokufa, kanye nobuhlungu obubangelwa yiso kumuntu ngamunye, kuphela lapho ebhekene nokufa kwakhe, kubonakala kufaneleke kakhulu enoveli ye-existentialist yekhulu lethu kunenkondlo eyaqanjwa ngo-2.500 BC eMesopotamia. Ngenxa yalezi zizathu, kanye nezinye eziningi, ngincoma kakhulu ukufunda i- Epic of Gilgamesh.