Indlela yokuhlaziya abalingiswa emsebenzini wokubhala

Ukwakha abalingiswa bomsebenzi wokubhala kungomunye wemisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi futhi ethokozisayo kukho konke ukulandisa, kodwa kukhona into elinganayo, uma kungenjalo, eyinkimbinkimbi, kubo bobabili abafundi nababhali: ukuyihlaziya. Lapho wenza lo msebenzi, kubalulekile ukufunda ngokucophelela umongo walezi zinsiza, ucabangele ukungqubuzana okusekelwe ekwakhiweni kwazo.

Abalingiswa bangamandla ashukumisayo enganekwaneni, njengoba bephethe isenzo, imizwa, izingxabano zangaphakathi, futhi ngokuvamile umyalezo oyinhloko. Ngakho-ke, lapho senza ukuhlaziywa kombhalo komlingiswa, kumelwe singene ezicini ezibalulekile zengqondo yakhe , indawo yakhe yezenhlalo, kanye nophawu oluyakha indaba. Kulesi sihloko, sizoxoxa ngendlela yokwenza ukuhlaziywa komlingiswa okuphumelelayo.

Indlela yokuhlaziya abalingiswa emsebenzini wokubhala

Ake siqale kusukela ekuqaleni: kuyini ukuhlaziywa komlingiswa?

Ngokubanzi, ukuhlaziywa kwabalingiswa kuqukethe ukuhlola ngokucophelela izici, ukuziphatha, izisusa, kanye nokuthuthukiswa komlingiswa oyedwa noma ngaphezulu emsebenzini wobuciko. Le nqubo ingaphezu nje kokuchaza umlingiswa : ifuna ukuhumusha indima yakhe endabeni, ukuxhumana kwakhe nezinye izakhi, kanye nokufaneleka kwakhe okungokomfanekiso kanye nesihloko.

Kungani kubalulekile ukuhlaziya abalingiswa?

Abalobi abahle abadali abalingiswa njengabantu abalandisa nje, kodwa badala njengezibonelo zezingxenye zabo, noma, ngokuphambene nalokho, njengezinhlobo zezinkinga zomphakathi, izinkulumo zengqondo, noma ukugxekwa kwemibono. Ngale ndlela, ukuzihlaziya kuvumela izenzo eziningi eziyisisekelo enkambisweni yokulandisa. Phakathi kwalezi, ezibaluleke kakhulu yilezi ezilandelayo:

• Siqonde kangcono isakhiwo;
• Cacisa izingqikithi eziyinhloko zomsebenzi;
• Thola izingxabano zangaphakathi noma zomphakathi;
• Funda izitayela zokulandisa kanye nezinsiza zemibhalo;
• Humusha umlayezo noma inhloso yombhali.

Izinhlobo zezinhlamvu ezikhona ngaphakathi komsebenzi oxoxayo

Njenganoma yiluphi ucwaningo, ngaphambi kokuqala ukuhlaziya okujulile, kubalulekile ukuhlonza uhlobo lomlingiswa okufanele atadishwe . Ukuze kube lula kule nqubo, senze uhlu lwezinhlobo zabalingiswa eziyisisekelo kakhulu ezincwadini, esizolwembula ngezansi.

• Umlingiswa oyinhloko: umlingiswa oyinhloko, isikhungo sodweshu kanye ne-arc yokulandisa;
• Umphikisi: nguye ophikisana nomlingiswa oyinhloko noma omele isithiyo esibalulekile;
• Abalingiswa besibili: laba abalingiswa abaphelelisa indaba kanye nokweseka—noma okuxakayo—ukuvela komlingiswa oyinhloko;
• Zimile noma ziyisicaba: azishintshi kuyo yonke indaba. Bamele imibono engaguquki noma izinhlobo zomphakathi;
• Anamandla noma ayindilinga: ayaguquka, afunde, aguqule ngokomzwelo noma ngokwengqondo;
• Okungokomfanekiso: bamele izindinganiso, ukwesaba noma imiqondo engabonakali (njengokufa, inkululeko noma ubulungisa).

Izakhi ezibalulekile zokuhlaziya izinhlamvu

Kusukela lapha kuqhubeke , sizochaza izici eziyisisekelo okufanele noma yimuphi umbhali, umhleli noma umfundi azicabangele lapho esondela ekuhlaziyweni komlingiswa wombhalo.

Incazelo engokomzimba, yengqondo nengokwenhlalo

Kungase kubonakale kungasho lutho, kodwa incazelo yomzimba yomlingiswa yembula okuningi ngaye. Izinto ezifana nengubo, isimo sezinwele zakhe, ukunyakaza kwakhe noma ukushukuma kwakhe , kanye nesimo sakhe kungaveza izinto ezifana nesimo somuntu emphakathini, isimo sengqondo, ngisho nemibono yezepolitiki. Ngokufanayo, ukuziphatha kwakhe kanye nesimo sezenhlalo nezomnotho kubonisa indima yakhe endabeni. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuhlaziya okulandelayo:

• Ubudala, ubulili, okokugqoka, impilo, ukukhubazeka noma izici ezihlukile;
• Isigaba somphakathi, izinga lemfundo, umsebenzi, indawo yamasiko.

Isibonelo esithakazelisayo sokuchaza le ndaba umlingiswa ka-Emma encwadini kaFlaubert ethi Madame Bovary , ozingubo zakhe zembula isifiso sakhe sokuphila impilo yobunxiwankulu, yothando, neyobukhazikhazi, ngokungafani neqiniso lakhe lesifundazwe.

Ubuntu kanye nokusebenza kwengqondo

Lapha, kubalulekile ukugcizelela ukubaluleka kokufunda ubuntu bomlingiswa , okuhlanganisa imizwa yakhe, izimo zakhe zengqondo, amandla akhe kanye nobuthakathaka bakhe. Kulezi zimo, kubalulekile ukuzibuza le mibuzo elandelayo:

• Yiziphi izinqumo ozenzayo?
• Ingabe wenza ngenxa yokwesaba, uthando, isifiso sokuvelela, icala, noma omunye umzwelo?
• Ingabe inokungqubuzana kwangaphakathi?

Isibonelo esihle salokhu okungenhla ngumlingiswa oyinhloko kaHamlet , indoda ebonakala ngokungabaza, okungenzi lutho okubonisa umzabalazo wangaphakathi ojulile. Isimo esihle ngokulinganayo, kodwa esilula kakhulu, sinikezwa ngoSimba ku- The Lion King , onjengoHamlet, owesabayo ukwenza okuthile ngenxa yobunzima besikhathi sakhe esidlule.

Izisusa nezinjongo

Lokhu kuyinto abanye ababhali abasafufusa abangase babe nenkinga ngayo, ngakho-ke kudingeka kucaciswe: wonke umlingiswa obhalwe kahle kumele abe nezisusa ezicacile, noma ngabe lezi azihlali zihambisana. Uma seziqinisekisiwe, izisusa ziqhuba izenzo futhi zinqume intuthuko yomlingiswa kanye nendaba. Ngakho-ke, imibuzo okufanele uyibuze yile:

• Ufunani?
• Kungani enza kanje?
• Yini ofuna ukuyigwema ngazo zonke izindlela?

Ukuze sibonise lokhu, singakhuluma ngo-Alonso Quijano, oshukumiseleka ukuba aphile ezweni elihloniphekile , okumholela ekubeni enze njengeqhawe eliyisiwula, yize lokhu kumhlupha ngokuhlekwa usulu nokuhlanya.

Evolution kanye noguquko arc

Isici esibalulekile sabalingiswa abayinkimbinkimbi ukuvela kwabo kuyo yonke indaba . Uma sifika kuleli qophelo, indaba eqanjiwe ngokwayo isenza sikwazi ukuhlaziya okulandelayo:

• Ingabe umlingisi uyashintsha?
• Yini ekuguqulayo?
• Ingabe ushintsho oluhle, olubi noma oludabukisayo?

Isibonelo, uGregor Samsa encwadini ethi The Metamorphosis udlula ekuguqulweni ngokomzimba , kodwa futhi uhlangabezana nokuguquka ekuziboneni kwakhe kanye nobudlelwano nomndeni wakhe. Noma kunjalo, isiphetho sakhe siqu siyadabukisa, ngoba sakha ingxenye yokugxeka kombhali nge-utilitarianism.

Ubudlelwano nabanye abalingiswa

Ukusebenzisana phakathi kwezinhlamvu kuvumela ukususwa kwezingqimba eziveza ubukhulu obufihliwe noma obuhlukile ngaphakathi komsebenzi. Ezinye izici ezibalulekile yilezi:

• Iyiphi indima ayidlalayo maqondana nomlingiswa oyinhloko?
• Ingabe bukhona ubudlelwano bamandla, ukuncika, uthando noma ukuncintisana?
• Ingabe isebenza njengokuqhathanisa noma isibuko?

Isibonelo, sinabalingiswa ababili abadumile abangadingi isethulo : uDarcy no-Elizabeth. Bobabili abalingiswa abaphambili baguqulwa yingxabano evela ekwehlukeni kwabo kwezenhlalo kanye nabalingiswa, okwenza i-Pride and Prejudice ibe yincwadi ehlelwe kahle futhi ebhalwe ngobuchwepheshe.

Ulimi nendlela yokukhuluma

Abalingiswa abakhiwa nje kuphela ngezenzo zabo , kodwa nangendlela abakhuluma nabacabanga ngayo. Kulesi simo esithile, kubalulekile ukuhlaziya lezi zici.

• Ukusetshenziswa kolimi: ingabe lucwangcisiwe, lunenhlamba, luyinkondlo noma lukhuluma ngezinkulumo?
• Ama-monologue angaphakathi, izingxoxo noma ukulandisa okungaqondile;
• Umbono wethulwa ngawo.

Isibonelo: encwadini ethi The Catcher in the Rye , ulimi lukaHolden Caulfield olungakahleleki, oluhlekisayo nolusemusha lubonisa ukungazihlanganisi kwakhe ngokomzwelo nezwe labantu abadala.

Izimpawu kanye nomsebenzi wokulandisa

Okokugcina, abalingiswa abaningi banendima engokomfanekiso noma engokomfanekiso emsebenzini. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlaziya kwethu kumele kubhekane nala maphuzu:

• Ingabe imele umbono, njengenkululeko, ubulungisa noma ukuwohloka?
• Ingabe ukugxekwa komphakathi?
• Ingabe isebenza njenge-catalyst noma ufakazi kulengxabano?

Isibonelo, uColonel Aureliano Buendía encwadini yakhe ethi One Hundred Years of Solitude uveza ukuphindaphindwa komlando , amandla empi ajikelezayo, kanye nesizungu somuntu wanamuhla. Njengoba singabona, unendima echazwe kahle, eyavumela umbhali wakhe ukuba abeke imingcele yezenzo zakhe.

Amasu asebenzayo okwenza ukuhlaziya

Manje-ke: lungisa incwadi yakho bese uqaphela imiyalelo elandelayo esebenzayo yokuhlaziya umlingiswa omkhethile.

• Bhala amanothi njengoba ufunda: rekhoda imishwana, ukuziphatha, kanye nezimpawu ezihlobene;
• Sebenzisa imidwebo noma amamephu engqondo ukuze ubone ngeso lengqondo ubudlelwano bakho, ama-arcs kanye nezingxabano;
• Mqhathanise nabanye abalingiswa ukuze uthole ukufana noma umehluko phakathi kwabo;
• Hlela isimo sakho somlando bese uzama ukuqonda ukuthi isikhathi nendawo ohlala kuyo zinethonya kanjani ekwakhiweni kwakho;
• Caphula iziqephu ezibalulekile ukuze uqinisekise ukuhlaziya ngezingcezu ezithathwe embhalweni ngokwawo.