Muva nje, ifilosofi yokuphila isibe yindlela yamazwe ngamazwe, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yesithakazelo esisha kubuStoicism nakwezinye izikole zemicabango ezisisiza sibhekane nezinselele zomuntu siqu nezenhlalo. Izazi zefilosofi, izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo, kanye nabantu abadumile bavumile ukuthi, lapho kubhekene nokungaqiniseki, kuyadingeka kakhulu ukuphendukela ezimfundisweni ezisebenzayo ezinikeza incazelo nokulinganisela empilweni yansuku zonke.
Ochwepheshe abaningi baveze ukuthi ukwanda kwefilosofi esebenzayo akuyona into eyenzeka ngengozi. Ezikhathini zokungazinzi, abantu abaningi bafuna izimpendulo ngale kwezixazululo zezinto ezibonakalayo. Njengoba ababhali abahlukahlukene kanye nabantu abadumile bephawula, injabulo yangempela ivame ukuhlotshaniswa kakhulu nokugcina ubudlelwano obuqinile bomuntu siqu kanye nokuphila okunenjongo kunokuphishekela ingcebo noma impumelelo yangaphandle.
I-Stoicism: Izihluthulelo Zenhlalakahle Yanamuhla
UbuStoicism buvele kabusha njengethuluzi eliyisisekelo lokuphatha imizwa nemicabango, bumema abantu ukuba bamukele lokho abangenakukushintsha futhi bagxile kulokho abangakwazi ukukushintsha. Izazi zefilosofi zanamuhla ezifana noMassimo Pigluicci zigcizelela ukubaluleka kokuhlakulela ukucabanga kanye nokuxhumana nabantu ukuze kufinyelelwe empilweni eyanelisayo, zigcizelela ukubaluleka kokubambisana, ukusekelana, kanye nokwenza izinqumo ezihlakaniphile.
Lo mbono uhambisana nemvelaphi yomlando yefilosofi yamaStoyiki, eyavela eGrisi naseRoma lasendulo futhi iyaqhubeka nokuba nethonya elikhulu namuhla emikhakheni eyahlukahlukene njengokwelashwa kokuziphatha kwengqondo kanye nokunyakaza kokuthuthukiswa komuntu siqu. AmaStoyiki akudala, njengo- Epictetus , uMarcus Aurelius , noSeneca , avame ukucashunwa njengezibonelo zokuphila okuqondiswa ubuhle, ukuzindla, kanye nokuthula lapho ubhekene nobunzima.
Enye yezinsika zobuStoicism ubuzwe obuhlanganisa wonke umuntu : ukuqiniseka ukuthi sonke siyingxenye yomphakathi ofanayo wabantu, ngale kwemingcele noma umehluko wamasiko, nokuthi ukubambisana nokwenza lokho kubalulekile ukuze umphakathi uthuthuke.
Ake siphule izinganekwane: ifilosofi ngaphandle kokuqina noma i-elitism
Ngokuphambene nenkolelo evamile, ubuStoyiki abuphathelene nokucindezela imizwa noma ukuphila impilo ebandayo. Ngokuphambene nalokho, busikisela ukwamukela imizwa ngamabomu nokufunda ukuphendula izimo ngokuthula nangokuqonda. Ukuphila ngokwezimiso zobuStoyiki akusho ukungazweli, kodwa kunalokho ukusebenzisa ulwazi nokuzithiba ukuze usebenzise izimo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zinhle noma cha.
Emphakathini wanamuhla, lapho ukuqhathaniswa komphakathi kanye nokucindezelwa kokulindelekile kuthonya inhlalakahle yemizwa, ifilosofi yamaStoyiki isekelwa abaqeqeshi, abalobi, kanye nochwepheshe bokuhlakanipha kwemizwa njengendlela yokuthola kabusha inhloso yomuntu nokuhlakulela isisusa sangempela esivela ngaphakathi. Njengoba ochwepheshe abahlukahlukene besho, imayelana nokuthuthukisa izwi eliqondisayo langaphakathi eliqondisa futhi lisekele, kunokuba lithonywe ukugxekwa noma izibonelo zangaphandle.
Izincwadi ezibalulekile zalabo abafuna isiqondiso sefilosofi
Kulabo abafisa ukufaka lezi zimiso emisebenzini yabo yansuku zonke, ababhali kanye nabantu abadumile bayavumelana ekuncomeni imisebenzi efana nethi Marcus Aurelius’ Meditations , Epictetus’s Enchiridion , kanye nezincwadi zefilosofi zikaSeneca . Le mibhalo iyiziqondiso ezisebenzayo zokuzindla ngempilo, ukubhekana nezithiyo , nokufunda ukuphendula ezinkingeni zethu nezabanye.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ochwepheshe abaningi bagcizelela ukubaluleka kokwamukela imikhuba elula esiza ukulinganisela izici ezingokomzwelo, zengqondo, kanye nezenhlalo. Ukuzivocavoca okufana nokuskena umzimba noma ukuhamba ngefilosofi kungasiza ekuzixhumaniseni kabusha futhi kwakheke ubudlelwano obuqaphile nobanelisayo.
Ifilosofi yokuphila inikeza isimemo sokubheka imicabango yomuntu siqu, ukubhekana nobunzima ngombono, kanye nokwakha ubukhona obucebile nobunenjongo ngaphandle kokuncika ezintweni zangaphandle, kodwa kunalokho ngokugxila kulokho ngempela okungaphansi kolawulo lwethu.
Intshisekelo evuselelwe kwifilosofi esebenzayo ibonisa ukuthi, ezweni elingaqiniseki ngokwengeziwe, kusenendawo yokuma, ukuzindla, nokufuna amamodeli okuphila asisiza siphile kangcono . UbuStoicism kanye nemvelaphi yabo kuyaqhubeka nokusebenza njengesiqondiso kulabo abalangazelela impilo ecabangelayo, ezimele, futhi ekugcineni ejabulisayo.
