Amathuluzi enkondlo

Izinkondlo ingenye yobuciko endala futhi kunazo zonke emhlabeni wonke. Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo ibisebenza njengendlela yokuveza imizwelo, ukuzindla ngobukhona nokubamba ubuhle bezwe. Esinye sezici ezigqama kakhulu zezinkondlo ukusetshenziswa kwayo kwezinsiza zokubhala, izakhi zesitayela nezolimi ezicebisa umbhalo futhi ziwunikeze ukujula, umculo kanye nencazelo.

Lezi zinsiza zibalulekile ukuguqula amagama abe izithombe ezigqamile, imizwa ejulile nezingoma ezithinta umfundi. Ngalesi sihloko sizohlola izinsiza zokubhala eziyinhloko ezivame ukusetshenziswa ezinkondlweni, futhi eziphendule ubuciko obuyingqayizivele, obunomthelela ebuhleni bawo namandla okuveza imizwa.

Izinsiza zokubhala eziyinhloko zezinkondlo

Isingathekiso: ingqikithi yolimi lwenkondlo

Isingathekiso sithi enye yezinsiza ezifanekisa kakhulu ze izinkondlo. Kuhlanganisa ukudlulisela incazelo yegama elilodwa noma isisho kwenye, ukusungula ubuhlobo obungacacile phakathi kwabo. Lokhu kuvumela imbongi ukuthi ikhulume ngokungaqondile futhi ngendlela ebonisa ukusikisela, idale izithombe ezivusa ukujula kwemizwelo. Ngokungachazi ngokuqondile, imema umfundi ukuba ahumushe, avumele ukufundwa kaningi kanye nokuxhumana komuntu siqu nombhalo.

Isibonelo: ucezu lwe-"The Wait", ka-Jorge Luis Borges:

Ngaphambi kokuba ikhale insimbi esheshayo

bese uvula umnyango ungene, oh linda

ngenxa yokukhathazeka, indawo yonke

kunokuba enze okungapheli

uchungechunge lwezenzo ezithile. akekho ongakwazi

hlanganisa leyo vertigo, isibalo

ukuthi izibuko zanda ngani,

yezithunzi ezinde futhi zibuye,

wezinyathelo ezihlukanayo nezihlanganayo.

Isihlabathi sasingazi ukuthi singazibala kanjani.

(Esifubeni sami, iwashi legazi liyakala

isikhathi esesabekayo sokulinda).

Ukuhlaziya kafushane isingathekiso

Ku-"The Wait", U-Borges usebenzisa isingathekiso esimsulwa esixhumanisa inhliziyo newashi legazi, kuhlobanisa izigqi zesitho nokuphawula kwento.

Isifaniso: ukuqhathanisa okusobala

Ngokungafani nesingathekiso, Isifaniso sisungula ukuqhathanisa okuqondile phakathi kwezakhi ezimbili, ngokuvamile kusetshenziswa amagama njengokuthi "kubonakala", "kufana" noma "njenga". Le nsiza isiza ukucacisa izithombe nemizwa, yenza kube lula ukuqonda komfundi.

Isibonelo: ucezu lokuthi "Ngizosakaza imisebenzi yami ngebhekoni kuwe..." nguFrancisco de Quevedo

Ngizosabalalisa imisebenzi yami ngebhekoni

kungani ungangilumi, Gongorilla,

inja yezigayo zaseCastile,

isazi ngokugcona, njengomfana osemgwaqeni; (...)

Ukuhlaziya kafushane isifaniso

Kule nkondlo, U-Quevedo uhlasela ngokuqondile uLuis de Gongora, emqhathanisa nensizwa ethile, okungasho ukuthi lo oshiwo ngenhla unethalente elincane lokubhala, futhi usebenzisa izinkulumo kalula.

Personification: ukwenza umuntu ongaphili

ukwenziwa samuntu inikeza izimfanelo zomuntu ezintweni, izilwane noma imibono engabonakali. Le nsiza ibalulekile ezinkondlweni, ngoba ifaka ukuphila nokunyakaza ku-inert, yenza umfundi ayibone ngombono oseduze nowomzwelo.

Isibonelo: ingxenye ethi "Izwe Lelanga", ngu-Rubén Darío

Eduze kwesigodlo esimnyama senkosi yesiqhingi sase-Iron—(O, lunya, olusabekayo, ukudingiswa!)— Kanjani lokho

wena, dade ovumelanayo, yenza isibhakabhaka esimpunga sicule, indiza yakho yama-nightingales, ibhokisi lakho lomculo elesabekayo?

Akukudabukisi yini ukukhumbula umthombo lapho uzwa inyoni yaphezulu kanye ne-litmus

ezweni lelanga?

Ukuhlaziywa kafushane kokwenziwa samuntu

Ku "Izwe Lelanga", U-Rubén Darío ubhekisela kumuntu, nokuvumelana kwangaphakathi kobuntu bakhe, iyakwazi ukwenza isibhakabhaka esimpunga sicule, engabonwa nje kuphela njengento engabonakali, kodwa futhi imele i-melancholy.

I-alliteration: umculo wamagama

I-alliteration ukuphindaphinda kwemisindo yongwaqa ekuqaleni noma phakathi kwamagama., ukudala umphumela onesigqi noma womculo. Lo mshini udonsa amehlo omfundi futhi uqinise umoya wenkondlo.

Isibonelo: ucezu lwe-"Kisses", nguGabriela Mistral

Kukhona ukuqabula abakusho bodwa

isigwebo sothando esilahlayo,

kukhona ukwanga okunikezwa ngokubukeka

kukhona ukwanga okunikezwa ngememori.

Kukhona ukuqabula buthule, ukuqabula okuhle

kukhona ukwanga okuyindida, okuqotho

kukhona ukwanga okunikana imiphefumulo kuphela

Kukhona ukuqabula okungavunyelwe, okwangempela.

Ukuhlaziywa kwe-alliteration

Ngale nkondlo kaMistral kungenzeka ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi amagama nemisindo iphindwaphindwa futhi ixutshwe kanjani. Ikakhulukazi, umbhali udala umdlalo ngokuhayiza, usebenzisa u-s ukuguqula umsebenzi wakhe ube yinhlangano ye-ethereal nenyenyezayo.

I-Anaphora: ukuphindaphinda ukuze uqinise imizwa

I-Anaphora ukuphindaphinda kwegama elilodwa noma amaningi ekuqaleni kwamavesi noma imishwana elandelanayo. Le nsiza ikhiqiza umphumela wokugcizelela futhi igcizelela imibono esemqoka, efaka umfundi esigqini senkondlo.

Isibonelo: ucezu lwe-“Romance de la luna, luna”, ka-Federico García Lorca

Inyanga yafika emqashweni

Ngokuphithizela kwakhe kwe-tuberose

Umfana ambuke, abuke

Umfana umbuka.

Ukuhlaziywa kafushane kwe-anaphora

Ku-"Romance of moon, moon", U-Lorca usebenzisa igama elithi "ingane" nelithi "bheka" ukuze anikeze isigqi somsebenzi wakhe, kodwa nokugqamisa isenzo esibaluleke kakhulu kumbhali.

I-hyperbole: ihaba ukuze uhambise

hyperbole Kuqukethe ukwenza ihaba ngombono noma umuzwa ukuze kugcizelele ukushuba kwawo. Le nsiza yengeza idrama futhi ingasetshenziswa kokubili ukuveza imizwa eyeqisayo kanye nokwenza umphumela wamahlaya.

Isibonelo: ingxenye ethi "Amagama Amaningi Kakhulu" ka-Pablo Neruda

Intwasahlobo yinde kakhulu

lokho kuhlala bonke ubusika:

isikhathi silahlekelwe izicathulo:

Unyaka unamakhulu amane eminyaka.

Ukuhlaziywa kafushane kwe-hyperbole

"Emagameni Amaningi Kakhulu," I-Neruda yenza ihaba ngobude besikhathi sezinkathi, ukudala inhlanganisela eyodwa nomunye ukuveza ukuthi izikhathi ezingacacile lapho ubuhlungu bungase bube khona.

Izithombe zezinzwa: yenza izinzwa zisebenze

Izithombe zezinzwa zikhanga izinzwa ezinhlanu: ukubona, ukuzwa, ukuthinta, ukunambitha nokuhogela.. Le nsiza ivumela umfundi ukuthi azizwele inkondlo ngendlela ejulile, sengathi ingaphakathi kuyo.

Isibonelo: ucezu lwe-"Poetic Art", ka-Jaime Gil de Biedma

I-nostalgia yelanga phezu kophahla,

odongeni lukasimende onombala wejuba

- nokho kucace kakhulu - namakhaza

kungazelelwe lokho kucishe kunqobe.

Ukuhlaziywa kafushane kwesithombe sezinzwa

Ukwakha umuzwa we-melancholy, Umbhali usebenzisa isithombe esibonakalayo—selanga phezu kophahla, odongeni lukasimende onombala wejuba— nethintathintayo—amakhaza angazelele acishe anqobe.

Indida: izinkondlo ezenziwe ezingenakwenzeka

Indida ihlanganisa imibono ephikisanayo noma ephikisanayo emshweni ofanayo, idale umphumela wokumangala nokuzindla. Le divayisi iphikisana nokunengqondo futhi iphoqa umfundi ukuthi athole incazelo ejulile.

Isibonelo: ucezu luka-“Man”, ka-Blas de Otero

Lokhu ukuba yindoda: ukwesaba okugcwele.

Ukuba—futhi kungabi—kwaphakade, umbaleki.

Ingelosi enamaphiko amakhulu eketango!

Ukuhlaziywa kafushane kwendida

Ivesi lokugcina elithi “Hombre” kaBlas de Otero—ikakhulukazi umugqa wokugcina—lihlotshaniswa nendida. Kungenzeka kanjani ukuthi ingelosi, enobunkulunkulu nenganekwane ngokwemvelo, ibe namaphiko amakhulu aphenduka amaketanga? Lokhu kubhekise emkhawulweni obekiwe esidalweni esizalelwe ukuba sikhululeke.

Enjambment: ukuqhubeka ngale kwevesi

Enjambment kwenzeka nini umusho noma umqondo awugcini evesini elifanayo, kodwa uqhubeka kwelilandelayo. Le nsiza iphula isigqi esivamile, idale umthelela we-fluidity noma ukuphuthuma.

Isibonelo: ucezu lwe-"Ode XII Qué vale quanto vee", nguFray Luis de León

Kuhle njenge-gnudosa

holm oki, eweni eliphakeme, elinenkungu

ngembazo enamandla

lokudatshulwa

yensimbi, uyaceba futhi asebenze kanzima...

Ukuhlaziywa kafushane kwe-enjambment

Nansi insiza Ngokusobala uvezwa ngamagama athi "carrasca" nelithi "del iron", ezithatha indawo yazo kumugqa ongemuva, esikhundleni sokubekwa eduze kwe-"grubby" kanye "nokususwa", ngokulandelana.

I-Oxymoron: inyunyana yabaphikisanayo

i-oxymoron Kungumfanekiso ohlanganisa amagama amabili aphikisanayo, okhiqiza inkulumo entsha.

Isibonelo: "Iqhwa elishisayo, umlilo oyiqhwa...", nguFrancisco de Quevedo

Ishisa iqhwa, umlilo oqandisiwe

kuyisilonda esibuhlungu nesingazwakali,

kuhle ukuphupha, isipho esibi,

kuyikhefu elifushane elidinisayo.

Kungukubhekwa okusinakekelayo,

igwala elinegama elinesibindi,

ukuhamba ngesizungu phakathi kwabantu,

uthando ukuthandwa kuphela.

Kuyinkululeko eboshiwe

lokho kuhlala kuze kube yi-paroxysm yokugcina;

isifo esikhulayo uma silashwa.

Ingane yoThando lena, kwalasha wayo.

Bheka ukuthi uzoba nobungane bani engenalutho

ophikisana naye kukho konke!

Ukuhlaziywa kafushane kwe-oxymoron

“Ishisa iqhwa, umlilo oqandayo…”, ikakhulukazi, i-oxymoron ngokwayo. Yonke le nkondlo yakhiwe ngokungqubuzana, imiqondo ephikisanayo ethi, lapho ihlangene, yakhe umuzwa ohlukile kumfundi.

I-alchemy yamagama

Izinsiza zokubhala ziwumphefumulo wezinkondlo. Zingamathuluzi izimbongi ezakha ngawo umhlaba, ziguqule imizwa futhi zisimeme ukuthi sihlole ukujula kokuhlangenwe nakho komuntu. Insiza ngayinye, kusukela kwisingathekiso kuya ekufanekiseni, idlala indima ethile ekwakhiweni kwezincazelo, isigqi kanye nesimo sezulu.

Ukunotha kwenkondlo kakukho emagameni ayiqanjwayo kuphela, kepha kulele ekutheni ahlangana kanjani. futhi uphile ngokusebenzisa izinsiza zemibhalo. Njengabafundi, ukuqonda nokwazisa lezi zakhi kusivumela ukuthi sixhumane ngokujulile nomsebenzi kanye nababhali, ngoba izinkondlo, ekugcineni, yisibuko somphefumulo.