Indlu yokushicilela yaseFrance iGrasset, enye yezimpawu ezinethonya elikhulu emkhakheni wezincwadi waseYurophu, ishaqekile yi- ukuphazamiseka okukhulu okungakaze kubonwe ngaphambiliAbabhali abangaphezu kwekhulu bamemezele ukuthi bazoyeka ukushicilela nenkampani bephikisana nokuxoshwa kwe-CEO yayo, u-Olivier Nora, abambheka njengomuntu obalulekile ekuvikeleni ukuzimela kokuhlela.
Kusukela ekuxoshweni kuka-Olivier Nora kuya ekufudukeni kwababhali
Inhlansi eyabangela le nkinga yaqubuka ngemuva kokwembulwa, ngoLwesibili ngo-Ephreli, ukuthi Ukuhamba ngokuzumayo kuka-Olivier NoraUNora ubelokhu ehola iGrasset iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-25. Sekuyiminyaka engama-26 engumqondisi wokuhlela wendlu yokushicilela eqongelelene. Imiklomelo eyi-17 yeGoncourt futhi lokho kwase kuthole idumela njengekhaya elivulekele amazwi ahlukahlukene kakhulu, kusukela endabeni yokubhala kakhulu kuya endabeni yezepolitiki.
Ngokusho kwababhali, lokhu akuyona nje inguquko yomjikelezo, kodwa ukuxoshwa okunemiphumela ecacile yemibonoEncwadini ehlanganyelwe, eyasayinwa ekuqaleni ngababhali abangu-115 futhi kamuva yandiswa yaba ngu-130, basola lokhu kuxoshwa "njengokuhlaselwa okungamukeleki kokuzimela kokuhlela kanye nenkululeko yokudala."
Phakathi kwabasayinile kukhona amagama adumile afana nalawa: Virginie Despentes, Sorj Chalandon, Bernard-Henri Lévy, Frédéric Beigbeder, Vanessa SpringoraULaetitia Colombani, uLaurent Binet, uDany Laferrière, noPascal Bruckner baphakathi kwababhali. Uhlu luhlanganisa ababhali bamanoveli nababhali bezindatshana, abathengisi abathengisa kakhulu nababhali benkolo, okuqinisa umthelela ongokomfanekiso wombhikisho ngaphakathi nangaphandle kweFrance.
Abalobi bazichaza ngokuthi “ababhali beGrasset, abashicilele neGrasset noma abanencwadi ezoshicilelwa yiGrasset,” kodwa bazibophezele ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi Incwadi elandelayo ngeke ibe nophawu lomshicileli.Bathi lesi sinqumo senziwe ngokushesha ngemuva kokuba ukuxoshwa kukaNora kuvele obala, futhi basiveza njengesenzo esihlangene sokwenqaba isiqondiso esisha sendlu.
Encwadini, bachaza u-Olivier Nora njengo- “usimende” owawubambene ndawonye ukuya endlini yokushicilela lapho ababhali abanemibono ehlukene kakhulu babehlala khona ngokuthula. Kubo, uNora wasebenza njengesivikelo ekucindezelweni kwangaphandle futhi waqinisekisa indawo yokushicilela ehlukahlukene evikelekile ezimpini zezombusazwe.
Isithunzi sikaVincent Bolloré kanye nokulawulwa kukaHachette Livre
Ingxabano ayinakuqondwa ngaphandle komongo webhizinisi: I-Grasset iyingxenye I-Hachette Livre, iqembu elihamba phambili lokushicilela eFrance futhi kwaba ngowesithathu emhlabeni jikelele. Ngo-2023, le nkampani yaba ngaphansi kokulawulwa kukaVincent Bolloré, isikhulu saseFrance esakhele ingcebo yaso kakhulu emkhakheni wezokuthutha e-Afrika, futhi eminyakeni engamashumi amabili edlule esibe ngumdlali obalulekile kwabezindaba baseFrance.
Selokhu aqala ukusebenza emkhakheni wezindaba ngo-2015, uBolloré ubelokhu edonsa kanzima izinsolo zokuphazamisa ukuhlela kanye nokukhuthaza umugqa ogcina imithetho eqinilePhakathi kwezinye izinto, ilawula isiteshi sethelevishini i-CNews, inethiwekhi ye-Canal+, isiteshi somsakazo i-Europe 1, iphephandaba lamasonto onke i-Le Journal du Dimanche, kanye nomagazini i-Paris Match. Izinhlangano ezahlukene, njenge-Reporters Without Borders, zigxeke ingcindezi emagumbini ezindaba kanye nezinguquko endleleni yokuhlela yalezi zikhungo zezindaba.
Ababhali abavukela uGrasset babona ekuxoshweni kukaNora ukuthi isahluko sakamuva sesu lokulawula okusabalala kusuka ezweni labezindaba kuya ezweni lezincwadi. Encwadini yabo, bacaphuna uBolloré ngokusobala futhi bamgxeka ngokwenza sengathi indlu yokushicilela “iyindlu yakhe” lapho “angenza noma yini ayifunayo,” ngaphandle kokucabangela labo ababhala, abahlela, abafunda, abakhiqiza, noma abasakaza izincwadi, noma labo abazifundayo.
Ngakho-ke ukuhamba kukaNora kuchazwa njengokuphela komjikelezo ngaphakathi kokuhlelwa kabusha kwangaphakathi kweHachette Livre. Kubikwa ukuthi ezinye izikhulu eziphezulu zishiye izikhundla zazo. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, kuye kwavela ukungavumelani ngendlela entsha yeqembu, futhi inkinga yamanje eGrasset ibonakala iyinto engasoze yabuya kulokho kulungiswa kabusha.
Ezinye izinyathelo zakamuva zokushicilela ngaphakathi kwenhlangano zingachazwa ngale ndlela: isibonelo, indlu yokushicilela iFayard, nayo eyingxenye yeqembu, ishicilele imisebenzi yabantu abavela kwesokudla nakwesokudla baseFrance, njengomongameli wangaphambilini uNicolas Sarkozy noma uJordan Bardella, umholi weNational Rally kanye nomuntu ongase abe ngumengameli ngo-2027.
Ukungqubuzana nemiphumela yezomthetho kanye nezinkontileka ezihlukile
Ngenxa yalesi simo, abalobi abaningana abathintekayo bayafunda izinyathelo zomthetho zokubuyisa amalungelo akhoNgokusho kwemibiko yabezindaba baseFrance, kucatshangelwa icala lesenzo sokuhlukanisa ababhali elizovumela ababhali ukuthi bahlukanise ingxenye yomsebenzi wabo neGrasset futhi baphinde balawule ukuxhashazwa kwezincwadi zabo.
Le ndaba ibucayi kakhulu uma kwenzeka kwabanye ababhali abaphezulu abanezinkontileka ezikhethekile kuhlobene ngqo no-Olivier Nora hhayi nendlu yokushicilela. Lokhu kunjalo ngoVirginie Despentes noBernard-Henri Lévy, okubikwa ukuthi izivumelwano zabo zesivumelwano zaxoxiswana mathupha no-CEO wangaphambilini.
Lesi simo sivula ithuba lokuthi laba babhali bakwazi landela uNora noma ngabe uya kuphi ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa amalungelo emisebenzi abayishicilela ngesikhathi esesikhundleni sikaGrasset. Eqinisweni, uBernard-Henri Lévy wathi enkundleni yezokuxhumana u-X ukuthi uzohamba noNora "noma ngabe uyaphi," ngaleyo ndlela egcizelela ubukhulu bomuntu siqu kanye nokuthembana okusengozini.
Ngaphandle kwala macala ngamanye, kungenzeka ukuthi kube necala lesigaba elizothathwa njengecala ... ukungqubuzana kwezomthetho okufinyelela kude phakathi kwababhali neqembu labashicileli. Akukhona nje kuphela ukunquma ukuthi bazoshicilela kuphi izincwadi zabo ezilandelayo, kodwa futhi nokuthi kuzokwenzekani kumakhathalogi nemisebenzi esevele ikhona, kwezinye izimo, eyingxenye ye uhlu lwezindaba isiFulentshi sakamuva.
Ngaphakathi, indlu yokushicilela isivele ithathe isinyathelo sayo: UJean-Christophe ThieryI-CEO yeLouis Hachette Group kanye nomlingani othembekile weBolloré, uzothatha izintambo njengenhloko yeGrasset evela eNora. Lolu shintsho lubhekwa njengendlela yokuqinisa ukulawula kwenkampani engumzali phezu kwendlu yokushicilela eyaziwa ngokuzimela kwayo okuqinile kokuhlela.
Inkinga enyakazisa indawo yezincwadi yaseFrance naseYurophu
Ukuhlukana eGrasset akuyona into eyenzeka yodwa, kodwa uphawu lwe-malaise ebanzi edlula ohlelweni lwamasiko lwaseYurophu naphezu kokuqongelela kwabezindaba namandla okushicilela ezandleni ezimbalwa, okufana ne-a umlando wokumelana endaweni yokushicilela.
Impikiswano ihloselwe ukudlala indima evelele ku- Umkhosi Wezincwadi waseParisLo mcimbi, obanjelwe eGrand Palais, uhlanganisa amakhulu ababonisi kanye nababhali abangaphezu kuka-1.800. Kucatshangwa kabanzi ukuthi inkinga yeGrasset izoba ngesinye sezihloko ezixoxwa kakhulu ezingxoxweni, ematafuleni nasezingxoxweni zasephasishi phakathi kwabashicileli, ababhali, amanxusa kanye nezintatheli zamasiko.
Emkhakheni wezincwadi eYurophu, lesi simo sivula kabusha impikiswano mayelana amaqembu amakhulu angathonya kangakanani amakhathalogi ngaphandle kokwephula inkululeko yokukhuluma. Ukuqongelela kobunikazi bezindaba, ukuncika ezinhlanganweni ezinkulu zezindaba, kanye nomthelela lokhu okunawo ekwakheni umphakathi kuyakhathaza kakhulu ngesikhathi sokwehlukana okukhulu kwezepolitiki.
Icala likaGrasset lenezela kwezinye izimpikiswano zakamuva eziye zabuza ukuphazanyiswa kwabanikazi bamasheya ezinqumweni zokuhlela, kokubili ezitolo zezindaba kanye nasemabhizinisini amasiko. Kulesi simo, impendulo ehlanganisiwe yabalobi baseFrance abangu-115-130 ihunyushwa njenge- uphawu lokumelana okuvela ezweni lezincwadi ngenxa yalokho abakubona njengokuhamba kobushiqela emkhakheni wamasiko.
Incwadi yababhali igcizelela ukuthi abakwamukeli ukuba "abathunjwa bempi yemibono" Bayawenqaba noma yimuphi umzamo wokuphoqelela ubushiqela kuzo zonke izindawo zamasiko nabezindaba. Bayaphika ukuthi imibono yabo nomsebenzi wabo kufanele kube "yimpahla" yeqembu elilodwa noma umninimasheya one-ajenda yezepolitiki ebandlululayo, futhi basekela indima yokushicilela njengendawo yempikiswano exubile.
Isizinda sokuhlela: I-Boualem Sansal kanye nenkululeko yokushicilela
Ngemuva kokuxoshwa kuka-Olivier Nora kungase kube khona futhi ukungavumelani okuthile mayelana nencwadi ebucayiNgokusho komthombo oseduze necala elicashunwe yizindaba zaseFrance, ukuhamba kukaNora kuzoxhunyaniswa nokushicilelwa komsebenzi olandelayo womlobi waseFranco-Algeria uBoualem Sansal.
Ukufika kweSansal eGrasset evela eGallimard kwase kudale injabulo enkulu ezinyangeni ezedlule. Umbhali, owayengumbhali ukuboshwa konyaka owodwa e-AlgeriaUbhale incwadi egxile kulokho okuhlangenwe nakho kokuboshwa. Ngokusho kwale mibiko, ingxabano yavela ngosuku lokushicilelwa: UNora waphikisana ngokuthi incwadi kufanele ikhishwe ekwindla, kuyilapho ubuholi beqembu kubikwa ukuthi babacindezele ukuba balethe ukukhishwa kwayo ngoJuni.
Ngokomthetho, izizathu eziqondile zokuxoshwa kukaNora azikadalulwa, kodwa eqenjini lababhali akungabazeki ukuthi inkinga eyisisekelo iwukuthi ukungqubuzana ngokuzimela kokuhlelaUkungavumelani ngencwadi kaSansal ngabe kwaba yimbangela yokugcina yobudlelwano obuvele bucindezelwe ukungena kukaBolloré enhloko-dolobha kaHachette.
Lesi siqephu senezela olunye ungqimba empikiswaneni, ngokuletha phambili udaba lwe- ngubani onquma ukuthi yini ezoshicilelwa nokuthi nini endlini enkulu yokushicilela. Kubabhali, ukubekwa kwezinsuku zokugcina noma iziqondiso zezihloko ezivela kubaphathi abaphezulu kungabeka engcupheni ukwethembeka kwekhathalogi kanye nokwethembana phakathi kwababhali nabahleli.
Icala le-Sansal liphinde lizwakale kakhulu nakwamanye amazwe aseYurophu, lapho kugxilwe khona kakhulu endleleni izakhiwo ezinkulu zezinkampani eziphatha ngayo imisebenzi ebucayi kwezepolitikiikakhulukazi uma zithinta izindaba zamalungelo abantu, ukucindezelwa, noma inkululeko yomphakathi.
Uma sibheka konke, inkinga kaGrasset yembula izinga umhlaba wezincwadi namuhla oyindawo yokulwa engokomfanekiso lapho kulwiwa khona izingxabano. izingxabano ngamandla, imibono, kanye nenkululeko yokukhulumaOkwaqala njengezindaba zokuxoshwa komphathi jikelele kwembule ukungezwani okukhulu phakathi kwengxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yababhali kanye nabanikazi bamasheya benye yezinkampani ezinkulu zokushicilela zaseYurophu.
Ukuhamba okuhleliwe kwababhali abangaphezu kwekhulu, amacala angaba khona okwenziwa ngezigaba, kanye nokucindezela komphakathi esigabeni esidumile njengeParis Book Festival kubeke iGrasset enkabeni yesiphepho esidlulela ngale kwenkampani eyodwa. Kwabaningi ababukele, okusengozini yikhono lemboni yokushicilela yaseYurophu lokuqhubeka nokunikeza isikhala sangempela sobuningi kanye nokuzimela ngokungafani nomqondo wamaqembu amakhulu kanye nezintshisekelo zawo zemibono.